MySQL 5.7--------SSL连接最佳实战
1. 背景* 在生产环境下，安全总是无法忽视的问题，数据库安全则是重中之重，因为所有的数据都存放在数据库中
* 当使用非加密方式连接MySQL数据库时，在网络中传输的所有信息都是明文的，可以被网络中所有人截取，敏感信息可能被泄露。在传送敏感信息（如密码）时，可以采用SSL连接的方式。
*版本小于5.7.6时按照 MySQL 5.6 SSL配置的方式进行。
2. MySQL 连接方式
* socket连接
* TCP非SSL连接
* SSL安全连接
* SSL + 密码连接
* SSL + 密码 + 密钥连接
3. SSL 简介
* SSL指的是SSL/TLS，其是一种为了在计算机网络进行安全通信的加密协议。假设用户的传输不是通过SSL的方式，那么其在网络中以明文的方式进行传输，而这给别有用心的人带来了可乘之机。所以，现在很多网站其实默认已经开启了SSL功能，比如Facebook、Twtter、YouTube、淘宝等。
4. 环境 [ 关闭SeLinux ]
* system 环境
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
# uname -r
2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64
# getenforce
Disabled
* MySQL 环境 [ MySQL 5.7安装前面篇章已做详细介绍 ]
have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为DISABLED表示ssl未开启
# mysql -p'123'
mysql: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.18 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'have%ssl%';
+---------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+----------+
| have_openssl| DISABLED |
| have_ssl | DISABLED |
+---------------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'port';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| port | 3306|
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'datadir';
+---------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------------------+
| datadir | /data/mysql_data/ |
+---------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
5. SSL配置
*利用自带工具生成SSL相关文件
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/data/mysql_data
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
..........................................................................+++
.....+++
writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.......................................................................................................................................................................+++
...+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.....................+++
...........................................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----
* 查看生成的SSL文件
# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem
* 修改数据目录下生成的SSL文件所属用户与权限
# chown -v mysql.mysql /data/mysql_data/*.pem
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem' to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca.pem' to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem' to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem' to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/private_key.pem' to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/public_key.pem' to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem' to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-key.pem' to mysql:mysql
* 查看生成的SSL文件
# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem
* 重启 MySQL 服务
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
* 连接MySQL 查看SSL开启状态
have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为YES表示ssl开启成功
mysql> show variables like 'have%ssl%';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| have_openssl| YES |
| have_ssl | YES |
+---------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)
6. SSL + 密码连接测试
* 创建用户并指定 SSL 连接 [ MySQL 5.7后推荐使用create user 方式创建用户 ]
mysql> create user 'ssl_test'@'%' identified by '123' require SSL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 通过密码连接测试 [ 默认采用SSL连接，需要指定不使用SSL连接 ]
# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p'123' --ssl=0
mysql: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'ssl_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)
* 通过 SSL + 密码 连接测试
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通过SSL连接
# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p'123'--ssl
mysql: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
WARNING: --ssl is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use --ssl-mode instead.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> \s
--------------
mysqlVer 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) usingEditLine wrapper
Connection id:12
Current database:
Current user:ssl_test@192.168.60.129
SSL:Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager:stdout
Using outfile:''
Using delimiter:;
Server version:5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:10
Connection:192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:latin1
Db characterset:latin1
Client characterset:utf8
Conn.characterset:utf8
TCP port:3306
Uptime:7 min 34 sec
Threads: 1Questions: 29Slow queries: 0Opens: 112Flush tables: 1Open tables: 105Queries per second avg: 0.063
--------------
7. SSL + 密码 + 密钥连接
* 创建用户并指定 X509 [ SSL+密钥 ] 连接 [ MySQL 5.7后推荐使用create user 方式创建用户 ]
mysql> create user 'X509_test'@'%' identified by '123' require X509;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 通过密码连接测试
# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl=0
mysql: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'X509_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)
* 通过 SSL +密码 连接测试
# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl
mysql: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'X509_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)
* 通过 SSL + 密码＋密钥连接测试
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通过SSL连接
# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl-cert=/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem --ssl-key=/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
mysql: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 21
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> \s
--------------
mysqlVer 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) usingEditLine wrapper
Connection id:21
Current database:
Current user:X509_test@192.168.60.129
SSL:Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager:stdout
Using outfile:''
Using delimiter:;
Server version:5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:10
Connection:192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:latin1
Db characterset:latin1
Client characterset:utf8
Conn.characterset:utf8
TCP port:3306
Uptime:18 min 27 sec
Threads: 1Questions: 40Slow queries: 0Opens: 118Flush tables: 1Open tables: 111Queries per second avg: 0.036
--------------
8. 总结
以需求驱动技术，技术本身没有优略之分，只有业务之分。
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