Linux centos安装mysql（解压手动安装）
系统版本：# uname -r
2.6.32-358.el6.i686
# cat /etc/issue
CentOS> Kernel \r on an \m
下载linux generic 32bit的mysql包(http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/ )。
步骤开始：
1，直接wget下载，或者下载后上传到服务器端。
2，解压。
3，将解压生成的mysql目录复制到/usr/local/mysql，并在其下新建data目录。
4，新建用户mysql和用户组mysql，并将mysql目录进行权限修改。
# pwd
/usr/local
# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql/
# ll
total 56
drwxr-xr-x.2 mysql mysql4096 Jun 26 01:42 bin
-rw-r--r--.1 mysql mysql 17987 Jun 26 01:42 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x.5 mysql mysql4096 Jun 26 04:40 data
drwxr-xr-x.2 mysql mysql4096 Jun 26 01:42 docs
drwxr-xr-x.3 mysql mysql4096 Jun 26 01:42 include
drwxr-xr-x.5 mysql mysql4096 Jun 26 01:43 lib
drwxr-xr-x.4 mysql mysql4096 Jun 26 01:42 man
-rw-r--r--.1 mysql mysql2478 Jun 26 01:39 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql4096 Jun 26 01:42 share
drwxr-xr-x.2 mysql mysql4096 Jun 26 01:43 support-files
#
# pwd
/usr/local/mysql
5，初始化数据。
# ./bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
# //以上basedir datadir目录是属于默认目录，若安装目录非
//默认/usr/local/mysql，比如目录为/usr/local/mysql-5.7.13
//则需要手动指定，并在目录下./support-files/mysql.server
//文件中指定basedir和datadir的实际目录。
//端口修改是在./support-files/my-default.cnf文件中。
6，复制配制文件。
# cp -a ./support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
#
7，将Mysql的服务脚本放到/etc/init.d/目录下。
# cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#
8，启动服务。
# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
#
9，查看初始密码，并登录mysql。
# cat /root/.mysql_secret
# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2016-06-26 02:48:47
:jiDfmi%5kaK
# ./bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: （此处输入上述密码）
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection> Server version: 5.7.13
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> status （下面会有报错，提示需要修改密码后再执行命令）
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using> mysql>
10，修改mysql登录密码。
# ./bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p password
Enter password: （输入上述老密码）
New password:
Confirm new password:
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
#
11，使用新密码即可登录mysql。
# ./bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: （新密码）
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection> Server version: 5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.13 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
12，至此mysql安装完成。
报错解决：
1，
# ./bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
2016-06-26 02:47:09 mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2016-06-26 02:47:09 The data directory needs to be specified.
解决：需要新建data目录，指定安装目录(在非默认目录时需要指定，默认路径：/usr/local/mysql，同时需要指定./support-files/mysql.server中的basedir和datadir为相应路径)。
# ./bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.13/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.13/data/
2016-06-26 02:48:47 mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2016-06-26 02:49:19 The bootstrap log isn't empty:
2016-06-26 02:49:19 2016-06-26T09:48:50.798592Z 0 --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead
2016-06-26T09:48:50.898732Z 0 Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
2016-06-26T09:48:50.898778Z 0 Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)
以上报错均因未在mysql.server中指定自定义的路径。
2，启动mysql服务不成功。
# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 256: my_print_defaults: command not found
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
解决：原来默认路径是/usr/local/mysql目录，这里存放目录是/usr/local/mysql-5.7.13。
将mysql-5.7.13改为mysql再启动，发现如下错误：
ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!
确认当前目录所有者为root，改为mysql：
# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql/
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!
Starting MySQL....... SUCCESS!
3,登录不成功，是因为服务没启动。
# cat /root/.mysql_secret
# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2016-06-26 02:48:47
:jiDfmi%5kaK
# ./bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
解决：上面第2个问题解决后，此问题消失(需要将mysqld服务启动)。
4，修改端口号后，启动服务报错：
ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!
Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file（/usr/local/mysql-5.7.13/data/CentOS.pid）
解决：
发现./data目录下果然没有CentOS.pid文件。
查看./data/目录下的报错日志Centos.err。
发现如下提示（主要查找 标识的，而和可忽略 ）：
variable 'Port = 3308' 无法识别。
在/etc/my.cnf中把Port改为port（大写P改为小写p），重新启动，正常。
--文件默认是大写Port，但还是需要改为小写port。
--另外说明查看错误信息/日志的重要性，很多问题可以自己发现解决。
5，数据库无法登录问题：
MYSQL提示：
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YSE)
解决：
# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
# bin/mysql -u mysql
重置密码：
mysql>update user set authentication_string=password('your_new_password') where user='root' ；
*特别提醒注意的一点是，新版的mysql数据库下的user表中已经没有Password字段了,而是将加密后的用户密码存储于authentication_string字段。否则会提示：
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'
6， 提示如下信息：
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using>
解决：
mysql>> Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.46 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.10 sec)
mysql>
参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/azhw/p/5143232.html
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