帝王 发表于 2018-10-1 08:57:53

mysql用户授权与权限撤销

  mysql用户授权与权限撤销
  实验练习:
  1.允许root从192.168.4.0/24网段访问,对所有库/表有完全控制权限,需要验证的密码为xujunxian。
  2.建立一个管理账号dba007,对所有库完全控制,并赋予其授权的权限。
  3.撤销root从本机访问的权限,然后恢复。
  4.允许webuser从任意客户机登录,只对webdb库有完全权限,密码为 888888。
  5.撤销webuser的完全权限,改为查询权限。
  实验方案:
  使用2台RHEL 6.4虚拟机,如图-1所示。其中192.168.4.10是MySQL服务器,授权及撤销操作均在此服务器上执行;而192.168.4.120作为测试客户机,需要安装好MySQL-client软件包,以便提供mysql命令。
  同时,MySQL服务器本身(192.168.4.10)也可以作为测试客户机。
  1.用户授权及撤销的基本操作
  1)认识GRANT授权的指令用法
  格式:

  mysql> GRANT 权限列表.. ON 库名.表名 TO '用户名'@'客户端地址' [>  2)验证不提供IDENTIFIED BY、访问权限控制
  授予用户nopass可匿名查询test库里的所有表,可使用CREATE指令:
  mysql> GRANT select,create ON test.* TO nopass@localhost;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
  # mysql -u nopass //以用户nopass登入测试,不需要密码
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  mysql>
  用户nopass只能看到test库和系统库information_schema,其他库(mysql等)将不可见:
  mysql> SHOW DATABASES; //其他的数据库不可见
  +--------------------+
  | Database |
  +--------------------+
  | information_schema |
  | test |
  +--------------------+
  2 rows in set (0.15 sec)
  用户nopass也可以列出test库中的所有表:
  //test库中的表权限不收影响,可查、建、删
  mysql> SHOW TABLES;
  +----------------+
  | Tables_in_test |
  +----------------+
  | biao01 |
  | biao02 |
  | gz |
  | stu_info |
  用户nopass可以使用SELECT语句:
  mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info LIMIT 3; //可以查看
  +------+--------+-----+
  | name | gender | age |
  +------+--------+-----+
  | Jim | girl | 24 |
  | Tom | boy | 21 |
  | Lily | girl | 20 |
  +------+--------+-----+
  用户nopass可以使用CREATE语句:
  mysql>CREATE TABLE mytable(id int(4));//可以创建
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
  3)验证IDENTIFIED BY访问密码
  修改前一步中用户nopass从localhost访问的授权,设置密码为123123:
  mysql> GRANT select,create ON test.* TO nopass@localhost

  ->>  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  重新以nopass用户登录mysql> 环境,不提供密码时将被拒绝:
  # mysql -u nopass
  .ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'nopass'@'localhost' (using password: NO)//不提供密码将会拒绝
  只有正确提供密码123123,才能够成功登入:
  # mysql -u nopass -p
  Enter password:                                 //输入密码123123
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  4)验证提供WITH GRANT OPTION
  授予用户rooty可查询、更新test库里的所有表,密码设置为pwd123,允许此用户将权限转授给其他用户:
  mysql> GRANT select,update ON test.* TO rooty@localhost

  ->>  -> WITH GRANT OPTION;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  以用户rooty登入测试
  # mysql -u rooty -p
  Enter password:                                 //输入密码pwd123
  mysql>show grants ;//查看当前登录用户的权限
  mysql>show grants for rooty@"localhost";//查看授权用户的权限
  会看到有grant字样
  5)查看指定用户的授权
  mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR nopass@localhost;             //查看指定用户nopass的权限

  | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'nopass'@'localhost'>  | GRANT SELECT, UPDATE, CREATE ON `test`.* TO 'nopass'@'localhost' |
  mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR rooty@localhost;             //查看rooty的权限
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Grants for rooty@localhost |
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

  | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'rooty'@'localhost'>  | GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON `test`.* TO 'rooty'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
  所有用户都可执行SHOW GRANTS来查看自己的权限。
  比如,root用户查看自己的权限:
  mysql> SHOW GRANTS;
  -----------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Grants for root@localhost |
  +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

  | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost'>  | GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
  +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  普通用户没有权限查看其它用户的权限
  例:
  mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR nopass@localhost;
  ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'rooty'@'localhost' to database 'mysql'
  //普通用户没有权限查看其它用户的权限
  6)撤销指定用户的授权
  撤销用户nopass对test库的所有权限:
  mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR nopass@localhost;
  //撤销之前先查看下都有哪些权限
  mysql> REVOKE all ON test.* FROM nopass@localhost;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)//撤销指定用户的权限
  确认撤销结果,仍会保留用户nopass,但对所有库仅有基本的USAGE权限:
  mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR nopass@localhost//确认撤销结果

  GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'nopass'@'localhost'>  2.完成任务要求的授权相关操作
  1)允许root从192.168.4.0/24访问,对所有库表有完全权限,密码为tarena。
  授权之前,从192.168.4.0/24网段的客户机访问时,将会被拒绝:
  # mysql -u root -p -h 192.168.4.10
  Enter password:                                 //输入正确的密码
  ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host '192.168.4.120' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server
  授权操作,此处可设置与从localhost访问时不同的密码:

  mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@'192.168.4.%'>  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  再次从192.168.4.0/24网段的客户机访问时,输入正确的密码后可登入:
  # mysql -u root -p -h 192.168.4.10
  Enter password:
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

  Your MySQL connection>  Server version: 5.6.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  .affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  owners.
  Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  mysql>
  从网络登入后,测试新建一个库、查看所有库:
  mysql> CREATE DATABASE rootdb;               //创建新库rootdb
  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
  mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
  +--------------------+
  | Database |
  +--------------------+
  | information_schema |
  | home |
  | mydb |
  .| mysql |
  | performance_schema |
  | rootdb |                     //新建的rootdb库
  | test |
  +--------------------+
  7 rows in set (0.08 sec)
  2)建立一个管理账号dba007,对所有库完全控制,并赋予其授权的权限
  新建账号并授权:
  mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO dba007@localhost

  .->>  -> WITH GRANT OPTION;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  查看dba007的权限:
  mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR dba007@localhost;
  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Grants for dba007@localhost |
  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

  .| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'dba007'@'localhost'>  +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  3)撤销root从本机访问的权限,然后恢复
  撤销root对数据库的操作权限:
  特别提示:如果没有事先建立其他管理账号,请不要轻易撤销root用户的本地访问权限,否则恢复起来会比较困难,或者不得不重装数据库。
  mysql> REVOKE all ON *.* FROM root@localhost;
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR root@localhost;
  +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Grants for root@localhost |
  +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

  | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost'>  | GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
  +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  验证撤销后的权限效果:
  mysql> exit                                     //退出当前MySQL连接
  Bye
  # mysql -u root -p               //重新以root从本地登入
  Enter password:
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

  Your MySQL connection>  Server version: 5.6.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  owners.
  Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  mysql> CREATE DATABASE newdb2014;               //尝试新建库失败
  ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' to database 'newdb2014'
  mysql> DROP DATABASE rootdb;                     //尝试删除库失败
  ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' to database 'rootdb'
  尝试以当前的root用户恢复权限,也会失败(无权更新授权表):

  mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@localhost>  ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
  怎么办呢?
  退出当前MySQL连接,以上一步添加的管理账号dba007登入:
  mysql> exit                                     //退出当前MySQL连接
  Bye
  # mysql -u dba007 -p             //以另一个管理账号登入
  .Enter password:
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

  Your MySQL connection>  Server version: 5.6.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  .owners.
  .Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  由管理账号dba007重新为root添加本地访问权限:

  mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@localhost>  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR root@localhost;             //查看恢复结果
  +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Grants for root@localhost |
  +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

  .| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost'>  | GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
  +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  退出,再重新以root登入,测试一下看看,权限又恢复了吧:
  mysql> exit                                     //退出当前MySQL连接
  Bye
  # mysql -u root -p               //重新以root登入
  Enter password:
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

  Your MySQL connection>  Server version: 5.6.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  .
  .Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  .affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  owners.
  Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  .mysql> CREATE DATABASE newdb2014;               //成功创建新库
  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
  4)允许webuser从任意客户机登录,只对webdb库有完全权限,密码为 888888
  添加授权:

  1.mysql> GRANT all ON webdb.* TO webuser@'%'>  2.Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  查看授权结果:
  mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR webuser@'%';
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Grants for webuser@% |
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

  | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'webuser'@'%'>  | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `webdb`.* TO 'webuser'@'%' |
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  .2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  4)撤销webuser的完全权限,改为查询权限
  撤销所有权限:
  1.mysql> REVOKE all ON webdb.* FROM webuser@'%';
  2.Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
  只赋予查询权限:
  mysql> GRANT select ON webdb.* TO webuser@'%';
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  确认授权更改结果:
  mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR webuser@'%';
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Grants for webuser@% |
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

  .| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'webuser'@'%'>  | GRANT SELECT ON `webdb`.* TO 'webuser'@'%' |
  +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  实验总结:
  1、授权时,当授权的用户不存在时,会自动创建此用户的记录。
  其中,IDENTIFIED BY是可选的(一般会提供),若不提供则无密码即可登录;WITH GRANT OPTION也是可
  选的(一般不提供),若提供则用户可将拥有的权限转授给其他用户,不提供则无权转授。
  2、注意:MYSQL用户授权、撤销等管理操作应尽量由root负责,不要交给普通用户。
  3、权限撤销 revoke all on 数据名 ... 不能把grant option授权权限撤销掉,要删除授权权限还要用revoke grant option on 数据名...
  4、撤销所有权限之后的用户还是可以登录的,要禁止没有任何权限的用户登录,要删除用户
  用命令:delete from mysql.user where user="用户名";
  5、删除用户之后要刷新权限,用命令:flush privileges;
  6总结完全撤销某用户权限的步骤:
  1)先查看用户所拥有的权限:show grants for 用户名@“地址段”;
  2)再撤销权限:revoke all on 数据名 from 用户名@“地址段”;
  3)撤销后再去除grant 权限:revoke grant option on数据名 from 用户名@“地址段” ;
  4)再删除用户:deletefrommysql.user where user=“用户名“ ;
  5)最后刷新权限:flush privileges;
  7、特别提示:如果没有事先建立其他管理账号,请不要轻易撤销root用户的本地访问权限,否则恢复起来会比较困难,或者不得不重装数据库。

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