安装并配置多实例MySQL数据库
1.MySQL介绍MySQL是一种关系型数据库管理系统，将数据库保存在不同的表中，再将这些表放入不同的库中，而不是将所有数据统一放在一个大仓库中。
2.MySQL多实例介绍
2.1概念
在一台服务器上同时开启多个不同的服务器端口，同时运行多个MySQL服务进程，这些服务进程通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供服务。
2.2作用
1）有效利用服务器资源
2）节约服务器资源
2.3应用场景
1）资金紧张型的公司选择
2）并发访问不是特别大的业务
3）门户网站应用MySQL多实例场景
3.系统环境
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux> # uname -r
3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
# getenforce
Disabled
# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
# ip a
1: lo:mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2b:8f:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.202/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:8fd6/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:2b:8f:e0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.1.202/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global eth1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:8fe0/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4.安装MySQL数据库（MySQL数据库版本：5.6.36）
4.1安装依赖包
# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ automake autoconf git make cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel libaio-devel
4.2修改/tmp的权限
# chmod 1777 /tmp
4.3创建软件目录
# mkdir -p /server/tools
4.4下载MySQL软件包
# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.36.tar.gz
4.5编译安装
# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.6.36 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.6.36/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.36/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DWITH_SSL=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 && make && make install
4.6创建管理用户
# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
4.7创建软链接
# ln-s /application/mysql-5.6.36 /application/mysql
4.8修改/application。mysql/data的管理用户
# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/data/
4.9初始化数据库
# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data
4.10创建MySQL的配置文件
# cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
4.11创建MySQL的启动文件
# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
4.12优化数据库操作
# echo 'export=/ PATHapplication/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
# . /etc/profile
4.13这时启动数据库，会报错（源于-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.36/tmp/mysql.sock）
mkdir /application/mysql/tmp
chown -R mysql.mysql /application/tmp
4.14启动服务
5.部署MySQL数据库多实例
5.1创建多实例目录
# mkdir -p /data/330{7,8,9}
5.2初始化（有多少多实例数据库，初始化多少次）
# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307
# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3308
# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3309
5.3修改MySQL多实例的配置文件
# cat /data/3307/my.cnf
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip_name_resolve=1
server_id=3307
port=3307
# cat /data/3308/my.cnf
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip_name_resolve=1
server_id=3308
port=3308
# cat /data/3309/my.cnf
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip_name_resolve=1
server_id=3309
port=3309
5.4启动多实例
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf &
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf &
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf &
5.5登入数据库
# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
# mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock
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