q989 发表于 2018-10-8 12:31:00

MySQL 5.7--------多实例部署最佳实战

  1. 背景
  MySQL数据库的集中化运维,可以通过在一台服务器上,部署运行多个MySQL服务进程,通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务。各个实例之间是相互独立的,每个实例的datadir, port, socket, pid都是不同的。
  2. 多实例特点
  * 有效利用服务器资源,当单个服务器资源有剩余时,可以充分利用剩余的资源提供更多的服务。
  * 资源互相抢占问题,当某个服务实例服务并发很高时或者开启慢查询时,会消耗更多的内存、CPU、磁盘IO资源,导致服务器上的其他实例提供服务的质量下降。

  3. 环境 [ 关闭SeLinux ]
# cat /etc/redhat-release  
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
  

  
# uname -r
  
2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64
  

  
# getenforce
  
Disabled
  4. 部署 [ 4个实例 ]
  * 下载 MySQL 5.7 二制包 [ 推荐官方下载 ] 此下载版本大于5.7.5
# wget wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz  * 解压 MySQL 5.7 二进制包到指定目录
# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/  * 创建 MySQL 软链接
# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql  * 创建 MySQL 用户
# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql  * 在 MySQL 二进制包目录中创建 mysql-files 目录
# mkdir -v /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files  
mkdir: created directory `/usr/local/mysql/mysql-files'
  * 创建多实例数据目录
# mkdir -vp /data/mysql_data{1..4}  
mkdir: created directory `/data'
  
mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data1'
  
mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data2'
  
mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data3'
  
mkdir: created directory `/data/mysql_data4'
  * 修改 MySQL 二进制包目录的所属用户与所属组
# chown root.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64  * 修改 MySQL 多实例数据目录与 数据导入/导出专放目录的所属用户与所属组
# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files /data/mysql_data{1..4}  * 配置 MySQL 配置文件 /etc/my.cnf
  
mysqld   = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
  
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
  
log      = /tmp/mysql_multi.log
  

  

  
# 设置数据目录 [多实例中一定要不同]
  
datadir = /data/mysql_data1
  
# 设置sock存放文件名 [多实例中一定要不同]
  
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1
  
# 设置监听开放端口 [多实例中一定要不同]
  
port = 3306
  
# 设置运行用户
  
user = mysql
  
# 关闭监控
  
performance_schema = off
  
# 设置innodb 缓存大小
  
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
  
# 设置监听IP地址
  
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
  
# 关闭DNS 反向解析
  
skip-name-resolve = 0
  

  

  
datadir = /data/mysql_data2
  
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2
  
port = 3307
  
user = mysql
  
performance_schema = off
  
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
  
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
  
skip-name-resolve = 0
  

  

  
datadir = /data/mysql_data3
  
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock3
  
port = 3308
  
user = mysql
  
performance_schema = off
  
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
  
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
  
skip-name-resolve = 0
  

  

  
datadir = /data/mysql_data4
  
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock4
  
port = 3309
  
user = mysql
  
performance_schema = off
  
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
  
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
  
skip-name-resolve = 0
  * 初始化各个实例 [ 初始化完成后会自带随机密码在输出日志中 ]
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data1  
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data2
  
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data3
  
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data4
  * 各实例开启 SSL 连接
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data1  
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data2
  
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data3
  
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data4
  * 复制多实例脚本到服务管理目录下 [ /etc/init.d/ ]
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi  * 添加脚本执行权限
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi  * 添加进service服务管理
# chkconfig --add mysqld_multi  5. 启动测试
  * 查个多实例状态
# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi report  
Reporting MySQL servers
  
MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is not running
  
MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is not running
  
MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is not running
  
MySQL server from group: mysqld4 is not running
  * 启动多实例
# /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi start  * 查看多实例状态
Reporting MySQL servers  
MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running
  
MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running
  
MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running
  
MySQL server from group: mysqld4 is running
  * 查看实例监听端口
# netstat -lntp | grep mysqld  
tcp      0      0 0.0.0.0:3306         0.0.0.0:*                LISTEN      2673/mysqld
  
tcp      0      0 0.0.0.0:3307         0.0.0.0:*                LISTEN      2676/mysqld
  
tcp      0      0 0.0.0.0:3308         0.0.0.0:*                LISTEN      2679/mysqld
  
tcp      0      0 0.0.0.0:3309         0.0.0.0:*                LISTEN      2682/mysqld
  6. 连接测试
  * 实例1
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock1-p'z+Ilo*>s:3kw'  
mysql: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
  
Your MySQL connection id is 6
  
Server version: 5.7.18
  

  
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  

  
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  
owners.
  

  
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  

  
mysql> set password = '123456';
  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  * 实例2
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock2-p'b*AHUrTgu1rl'  
mysql: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
  
Your MySQL connection id is 7
  
Server version: 5.7.18
  

  
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  

  
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  
owners.
  

  
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  

  
mysql> set password = '123456';
  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  7. 总结
  以需求驱动技术,技术本身没有优略之分,只有业务之分。


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