丹调生活 发表于 2018-10-10 13:21:33

关于MySQL的编译安装和基本配置

  MySQL是一款开源的单进程多线程的关系型数据库,其为C/S架构;其可靠性高、伸缩性强,易用。且支持C、C++、Python、PHP等开发
  其版本有a版(内测版)、B版(公测版本)、RC(Release Candidate)发行候选版本、及GA(General Availablity)正式发布版本
  且分别为社区版和商业版
  我在这里安装的是社区版的GA版本mysql-5.6.34
  MySQL的安装:

[*]  专用软件包安装RPM(Rhel SUSE CentoS)、Deb
[*]  通用二进制格式包gcc: X86、X_64
[*]  源码编译:在MySQL5.5后要用cmake编译
  如果mysql和mysqld在同一台unix系统上,则进程间通信为基于mysql.sock
  如果mysql和mysqld在同一台windows系统上,则进程间通信为基于memory(共享内存或者pipe管道)
  如果mysql和mysqld不在同一台主机上,则进程间通信为基于TCP/IP,其效率不如前两者
  MySQL客户端工具:
  mysql
  mysqldump
  mysqladmin
  mysqlcheck
  mysqlimport
  一、安装cmake
  跨平台编译器,可以对一个源码树编译为不同的版本,如编译一个32位的和一个64位的且存放在不同目录下
  # tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
  # cd cmake-2.8.8
  # ./configure
  # make
  # make install
  二、编译安装mysql-5.5.25a
  1、使用cmake编译mysql-5.5
  cmake指定编译选项的方式不同于make,其实现方式对比如下:
  ./configure cmake .
  ./configure --help cmake . -LH or ccmake .
  指定安装文件的安装路径时常用的选项:
  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql
  -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql
  -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc
  默认编译的存储引擎包括:csv、myisam、myisammrg和heap。若要安装其它存储引擎,可以使用类似如下编译选项:
  -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
  -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
  -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
  -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
  若要明确指定不编译某存储引擎,可以使用类似如下的选项:
  -DWITHOUT__STORAGE_ENGINE=1
  比如:
  -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
  -DWITHOUT_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
  -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
  如若要编译进其它功能,如SSL等,则可使用类似如下选项来实现编译时使用某库或不使用某库:
  -DWITH_READLINE=1 (能使用load infile这种方式批量导入MySQL数据)
  -DWITH_SSL=system (支持ssl功能)
  -DWITH_ZLIB=system (支持zlib压缩库)
  -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 (是否支持tcpwrap实现控制)
  其它常用的选项:
  -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
  -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock
  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
  -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all
  -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8
  -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
  -DWITH_DEBUG=0
  -DENABLE_PROFILING=1
  如果想清理此前的编译所生成的文件,则需要使用如下命令:
  make clean
  rm CMakeCache.txt
  2、提前创建一个LVM分区,和MySQL用户、MySQL组,并将LV格式化后挂载到/mydata目录下,在进行MySQL初始化时指定数据存储目录为/mydata/data
  3、编译安装
  # groupadd -r mysql ## -r创建系统用户
  # useradd -r mysql -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin
  # mkdir /mydata/data -p
  # chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data ##将存储目录改为mysql用户mysql组
  # cd /tool
  # tar -xf mysql-5.6.34.tar.gz
  # cd mysql-5.6.34
  #
  cmake \
  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
  -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
  -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
  -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
  -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
  -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock \
  -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
  -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
  -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
  -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
  -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
  # make && make install
  # chown -R mysql:mysql ./*
  # scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data ##初始化
  # chown -R root /usr/local/mysql/*
  # cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld #复制样例配置文件
  # cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld #加入init脚本
  # chkconfig --add mysql ##加入系统服务
  # service mysqld start
  # vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
  export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
  # . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh ##source一下这个文件
  # echo $PATH
  看能不能连接上去
  # mysql
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

  Your MySQL connection>  Server version: 5.6.34-log Source distribution
  Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  mysql> use mysql
  mysql> select user,host,password from user;
  +------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
  | user | host | password |
  +------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
  | root | localhost | |
  | root | node1.zxl.com | |
  | root | 127.0.0.1 | |
  | root | ::1 | |
  | | node1.zxl.com | |
  | root | 192.168.%.% | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
  +------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
  mysql> drop user ‘‘@localhost; #删除匿名用户
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)
  mysql> drop user ‘‘@node1.zxl.com;#删除匿名用户
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> drop user ‘root‘@‘::1‘;#删除ipv6的用户
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> select user,host,password from user;
  +------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
  | user | host | password |
  +------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
  | root | localhost | |
  | root | node1.zxl.com | |
  | root | 127.0.0.1 | |
  | root | 192.168.%.% | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
  +------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
  4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  #为剩下的所有root用户改密码为‘123’
  mysql> update user set password=password(‘123‘) where user=‘root‘;
  Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.03 sec)
  Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0
  mysql> select user,host,password from user;
  +------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
  | user | host | password |
  +------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
  | root | localhost | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
  | root | node1.zxl.com | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
  | root | 127.0.0.1 | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
  | root | 192.168.%.% | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
  +------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
  4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  mysql> flush privileges; #刷新生效
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  mysql> \q
  Bye
  # mysql #退出重新连、连不上去
  ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: NO)
  # mysql -uroot -p #指定用户和密码
  Enter password:
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

  Your MySQL connection>  Server version: 5.6.34-log Source distribution
  Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  owners.
  Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
  mysql>\q
  让MySQL支持远程连接
  # cd
  # vim .my.cnf #在家目录下创建一个隐藏目录
  
  user=‘root‘
  password=‘123‘
  host=‘localhost‘
  # mysql #这样又可以直接连接上去了
  Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

  Your MySQL connection>  Server version: 5.6.34-log Source distribution
  mysql> show databases;
  +--------------------+
  | Database |
  +--------------------+
  | information_schema |
  | api |
  | archiver |
  | config |
  | data |
  | install |
  | mysql |
  | performance_schema |
  | source |
  | static |
  | template |
  | test |
  | uc_client |
  | uc_server |
  | ultrax |
  +--------------------+
  15 rows in set (0.31 sec)
  mysql> show engines;
  +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
  | Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |
  +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+

  | MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of>  | CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
  | MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
  | BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |
  | MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |
  | PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO |
  | ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
  | FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine | NULL | NULL | NULL |
  | InnoDB | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |
  +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
  9 rows in set (0.00 sec) ##默认引擎为innodb
  mysql> \q
  # vim /etc/my.cnf
  
  datadir=/mydata/data ##数据存储目录
  innodb_file_per_table = ON
  log-bin = master-bin
  socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
  user=mysql
  # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
  symbolic-links=0
  
  log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
  pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
  # cd /mydata/data/mysql/
  # ls
  db.frm 表的结构定义文件
  db.MYD 表的数据文件
  db.MYI 表的索引文件
  对myisam引擎来说:每个表有三个文件 .frm(表结构).MYD(表数据) .MYI(表索引)
  对innodb引擎来说:所有的表共享一个表空间,但是这样不支持许多高级特性,建议每表使用一个独立的表空间
  那么innodb如何使用每表独立空间?
  mysql> show variables like ‘%innodb%‘; #显示关于innodb的所有变量
  | innodb_file_per_table | off |
  mysql> \q
  # vim /etc/my.cnf
  innodb_file_per_table = 1
  # service mysqld restart
  #mysql
  mysql> show variables like ‘%innodb%‘;
  | innodb_file_per_table | ON |
  创建一个数据库mydb,一个表testdb
  mysql>
  mysql> create database mydb;
  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.43 sec)
  mysql> use mydb
  Database changed
  mysql> create table testdb(id INT NOT NULL, name char(30));
  Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec)
  mysql> \q
  # cd /mydata/data/mydb/
  # ls
  db.opt #这个数据库的默认排序规则和字符集(几乎每个数据库都会生成)
  testdb.frm #表结构
  testdb.ibd #每表一个表空间
  innodb采用每表一个表空间后:.frm(表结构).ibd 表空间(表数据和表索引)
  要不然所有表都使用一个表空间
  http://www.a5idc.com/thread-142835-1-1.html

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