shanghaipc 发表于 2018-10-20 13:34:56

sql联接总结

  1.内连接inner join
  1.1交叉连接cross join



  SELECT * FROM person_hobby,person,hobby;
  表A(m列),表B(n列),表C(l列)的笛卡尔积(m*n*l列)

  1.2等值连接
  SELECT * FROM person as p,hobby as h,person_hobby as ph where p.person_id=ph.person_id and h.hobby_id=ph.hobby_id;
  在交叉连接的基础上根据条件进行选择(过滤掉不合法条件的行)

  1.3自然连接natural join
  SELECT * FROM person natural join person_hobby natural join hobby;
  在等值连接的基础上去除重复列(若A,B有相同名称的列,否则就等价于交叉连接)

  2.外连接outter join
  2.1左外连接left join
  SELECT * FROM person_hobby right join person on person_hobby.person_id=person.person_id left join hobby on person_hobby.hobby_id=hobby.hobby_id;
  左表全部行和右表对应左表的行

  2.2右外连接right join
  SELECT * FROM person_hobby right join person on person_hobby.person_id=person.person_id right join hobby on person_hobby.hobby_id=hobby.hobby_id;
  右表的全部行和左表对应右表的行

  2.3全外连接full join(部分数据库管理系统支持,mysql不支持)
  select * from A full join B on A.a=B.a;
  3.联合union:将多个查询结果合并,去除重复行(union all包含重复行)
  select ... from A where ... union select ...from b where ... union select ... from c where ... group by ... order by ...
  使用规则:

[*]  每个select语句需要选取相同数量的,数据类型兼容的列。
[*]  group by或order by只能在最后使用一次,不能每个select都使用,因为union是合并之后再进行分组或排序。
  4.intersect:求交集
  select ... from A where ... intersect select ...from b where ... intersect select ... from c where ...
  5.except:求差集
  select ... from A where ... except select ...from b where ... except select ... from c where ...

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