MongoDB备份和恢复
前面两篇文章介绍了mongodb的搭建与使用：http://msiyuetian.blog.51cto.com/8637744/1720559以及mongodb的副本集部署：http://msiyuetian.blog.51cto.com/8637744/1722406
下面我们来介绍mongodb的备份和恢复
一、MongoDB备份
1、准备工作
1）创建库、集合
> use mydb //创建库
switched to db mydb > db.createCollection('test1') //创建集合test1
{ "ok" : 1 } > show dbs //查看所有库
local0.078GB
mydb 0.078GB
> show tables //查看当前库中的集合
system.indexes
test1
> db.test1.insert({id:1,name:"tpp",age:20}) //向test1集合中插入数据
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.test1.insert({id:2,name:"linux",age:15})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.test1.find() //查看test1集合中的数据
{ "_id" : ObjectId("566de4441b2778d299e8f3a5"), "id" : 1, "name" : "tpp", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("566de45a1b2778d299e8f3a6"), "id" : 2, "name" : "linux", "age" : 15 }
同理我们再创建一个mydb2库，这里省略这个过程。
2、备份指定库
语法：mongodump -h ip -d dbname -o dir
参数说明
-h：后跟服务器ip
-u：后跟数据库用户
-p：后跟用户密码
-d：后跟 database 名字，不加则备份所有库
-o：后指备份到哪里，它是个目录
示例
# mongodump -d mydb -o /tmp/mongodbbackup
2015-12-14T05:42:06.867+0800 writing mydb.test1 to /tmp/mongodbbackup/mydb/test1.bson
2015-12-14T05:42:06.867+0800 writing mydb.system.indexes to /tmp/mongodbbackup/mydb/system.indexes.bson
2015-12-14T05:42:06.869+0800 writing mydb.test1 metadata to /tmp/mongodbbackup/mydb/test1.metadata.json
2015-12-14T05:42:06.871+0800 done dumping mydb.test1 (2 documents)
# ls /tmp/mongodbbackup/
mydb # ls /tmp/mongodbbackup/mydb/
system.indexes.bsontest1.bsontest1.metadata.json 注意：test1.bson是二进制文件，是数据库文件；test1.metadata.json是集合文件
2、备份所有库
语法：mongodump -h ip -o dir
示例
# mongodump -o /tmp/mongodbbackup_2
2015-12-14T05:57:48.456+0800 writing mydb.system.indexes to /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/system.indexes.bson
2015-12-14T05:57:48.456+0800 writing mydb.test1 to /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson
2015-12-14T05:57:48.457+0800 writing mydb2.system.indexes to /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/system.indexes.bson
2015-12-14T05:57:48.465+0800 writing mydb2.test2 to /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/test2.bson
2015-12-14T05:57:48.467+0800 writing mydb.test1 metadata to /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.metadata.json
2015-12-14T05:57:48.469+0800 done dumping mydb.test1 (2 documents)
2015-12-14T05:57:48.473+0800 writing mydb2.test2 metadata to /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/test2.metadata.json
2015-12-14T05:57:48.475+0800 done dumping mydb2.test2 (0 documents)
# ls /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/
mydbmydb2 # ls /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/
system.indexes.bsontest2.bsontest2.metadata.json 3、备份指定集合
语法：mongodump -h ip -d dbname -c collectionname -o dir
示例
# mongodump -d mydb -c test1 -o /tmp/mongodbbackup_3
2015-12-14T06:08:25.404+0800 writing mydb.test1 to /tmp/mongodbbackup_3/mydb/test1.bson
2015-12-14T06:08:25.405+0800 writing mydb.test1 metadata to /tmp/mongodbbackup_3/mydb/test1.metadata.json
2015-12-14T06:08:25.408+0800 done dumping mydb.test1 (2 documents)
# ls /tmp/mongodbbackup_3/
mydb # ls /tmp/mongodbbackup_3/mydb/
test1.bsontest1.metadata.json # cat /tmp/mongodbbackup_3/mydb/test1.metadata.json
{"options":{},"indexes":[{"v":1,"key":{"_id":1},"name":"_id_","ns":"mydb.test1"}]} 4、导出集合为json文件
# mongoexport -d mydb -c test1 -o /tmp/mongodbbackup_4/test1.json
2015-12-14T06:14:53.735+0800 connected to: localhost
2015-12-14T06:14:53.736+0800 exported 2 records
# cat /tmp/mongodbbackup_4/test1.json
{"_id":{"$oid":"566de4441b2778d299e8f3a5"},"id":1.0,"name":"tpp","age":20.0}
{"_id":{"$oid":"566de45a1b2778d299e8f3a6"},"id":2.0,"name":"linux","age":15.0}
二、MongoDB恢复
恢复之前我们要先删除之前建立的两个库：
> show dbs
local0.078GB
mydb 0.078GB
mydb20.078GB
> use mydb
switched to db mydb > db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "mydb", "ok" : 1 } > use mydb2
switched to db mydb2 > db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "mydb2", "ok" : 1 } > show dbs
local0.078GB 1、恢复指定库
语法：mongorestore -d dbname dir/
说明：-d 跟要恢复的库名字；dir 就是该库备份时所在的目录
# ls /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/
system.indexes.bsontest1.bson test1.metadata.json # mongorestore -d mydb /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/
2015-12-14T07:22:12.821+0800 building a list of collections to restore from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/ dir
2015-12-14T07:22:12.825+0800 reading metadata file from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.metadata.json
2015-12-14T07:22:12.826+0800 restoring mydb.test1 from file /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson
2015-12-14T07:22:13.163+0800 restoring indexes for collection mydb.test1 from metadata
2015-12-14T07:22:13.163+0800 finished restoring mydb.test1 (2 documents)
2015-12-14T07:22:13.163+0800 done
2、恢复所有库
语法：mongorestore --drop dir/
说明：dir 是备份所在库的目录名字；--drop 可选，意思是当恢复之前先把现在数据库的数据删除，不建议使用（不过我们可以再次备份现在数据库中的数据库，然后使用--drop参数）。
# mongorestore /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/
2015-12-14T07:25:17.126+0800 building a list of dbs and collections to restore from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/ dir
2015-12-14T07:25:17.131+0800 reading metadata file from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.metadata.json
2015-12-14T07:25:17.131+0800 restoring mydb.test1 from file /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson
2015-12-14T07:25:17.133+0800 reading metadata file from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/test2.metadata.json
2015-12-14T07:25:17.133+0800 restoring mydb2.test2 from file /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/test2.bson
2015-12-14T07:25:17.133+0800 restoring indexes for collection mydb2.test2 from metadata
2015-12-14T07:25:17.193+0800 error: E11000 duplicate key error index: mydb.test1.$_id_ dup key: { : ObjectId('566de4441b2778d299e8f3a5') }
2015-12-14T07:25:17.193+0800 restoring indexes for collection mydb.test1 from metadata
2015-12-14T07:25:17.193+0800 finished restoring mydb.test1 (2 documents)
2015-12-14T07:25:17.502+0800 finished restoring mydb2.test2 (0 documents)
2015-12-14T07:25:17.502+0800 done
注意：上面有个错误，是因为刚我们已经恢复了mydb库，要想不报错，加上--drop参数即可，如下：
# mongorestore --drop /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/
2015-12-14T07:25:35.373+0800 building a list of dbs and collections to restore from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/ dir
2015-12-14T07:25:35.376+0800 reading metadata file from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.metadata.json
2015-12-14T07:25:35.377+0800 restoring mydb.test1 from file /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson
2015-12-14T07:25:35.630+0800 restoring indexes for collection mydb.test1 from metadata
2015-12-14T07:25:35.631+0800 reading metadata file from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/test2.metadata.json
2015-12-14T07:25:35.631+0800 restoring mydb2.test2 from file /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb2/test2.bson
2015-12-14T07:25:35.631+0800 finished restoring mydb.test1 (2 documents)
2015-12-14T07:25:35.889+0800 restoring indexes for collection mydb2.test2 from metadata
2015-12-14T07:25:35.890+0800 finished restoring mydb2.test2 (0 documents)
2015-12-14T07:25:35.890+0800 done
3、恢复集合
语法：mongorestore -d dbname -c collectionname dir/dbname/collectionname.bson
说明：-c跟要恢复的集合名字；dir是备份dbname库时生成文件所在路径，这里是一个bson文件的路径
# mongorestore --drop -d mydb /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson
2015-12-14T07:30:29.023+0800 checking for collection data in /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson
2015-12-14T07:30:29.028+0800 reading metadata file from /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.metadata.json
2015-12-14T07:30:29.028+0800 restoring mydb.test1 from file /tmp/mongodbbackup_2/mydb/test1.bson
2015-12-14T07:30:29.093+0800 restoring indexes for collection mydb.test1 from metadata
2015-12-14T07:30:29.093+0800 finished restoring mydb.test1 (2 documents)
2015-12-14T07:30:29.093+0800 done
4、导入集合
语法：mongoimport -d dbname -c collectionname --file /tmp/collectionname.json
# mongoimport --drop -d mydb -c test1 --file /tmp/mongodbbackup_4/test1.json
2015-12-14T07:33:52.671+0800 connected to: localhost
2015-12-14T07:33:52.672+0800 dropping: mydb.test1
2015-12-14T07:33:52.677+0800 imported 2 documents
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