apache2.4.17 编译安装
准备安装包：
httpd-2.4.17.tar
apr-util-1.5.4.tar
apr-1.5.2.tar
httpd-2.4依赖于较高版本的apr(1.5以上)和apr-util
apr: apache portable runtime（移植运行）是一个让api,让apache能够跨平台的工具，是一个底层库
apache支持正则表达式,依赖于pcre（正则表达式函数库），安装其开发包pcre-devel即可
下载地址：
http://apr.apache.org/
http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
安装步骤：
1. 先安装编译开发环境和一些必须的包
yum install pcre-devel #使用pcre正则表达式要用到
yum install gcc gcc-c++ #编译工具2. 安装apache服务器
(a)解压httpd安装包
tar xvzf httpd-2.4.17.tar.gz (b) httpd需要apr和apr-util,解压后放在已解压的httpd-2.4.17/srclib目录下，并把目录名字分别改为apr和apr-util。后
面编绎要用到--with-included-apr选项，安装apr和apr-util库
tar xvzf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz -C httpd-2.4.17/srclib
tar xvzf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz -C httpd-2.4.17/srclib
注意：要确保名称为apr和apr-util 不然会提示找不到
mv apr-1.5.2 apr
mv apr-util-1.5.4 apr-util (c)开始安装apache，根据需要调整所需选项
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --with-included-apr --sysconfdir=/usr/local/apache2/conf/ --enable-so --enable-rewrite --with-pcre --enable-modules=most --with-zlib --enable-cgi
make && make install
各项参数含义：
--prefix=/usr/local/apache#指定安装目标路径
--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd2.4 #指定配置文件安装位置
--enable-so #支持动态共享模块
--enable-cgi #启用支持cgi
--enable-rewirte #支持URL重写
--with-zlib #网络上发送数据报文时通用压缩库的API
--enable-ssl #启用支持ssl
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr #指定依赖包apr路径
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util#指定依赖包apr-util路径
--enable-modules=all|most #安装全部模块或大多数模块
--enable-mpms-shared=all #支持全部多道处理方式
--with-event: #指定默认使用event
--enable-cgid :启用支持带线状图形的CGI脚本 MPMs
(d)编辑/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf 修改用户名和组名为apache，没有的话就创建一个。默认用户和组为
daemon
vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
Userdaemon -> User apache
Groupdaemon -> Group apache
(e) 启动测试
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
curl http://localhost 显示Itworks! 即为成功启动
3. 后续的配置
(a) 导出头文件
ln -sv /usr/local/apache2/include/ /usr/include/httpd
"/usr/include/httpd" -> "/usr/local/apache2/include/"
(b) 导出库文件（没有生成库文件）
(c) 导出man手册
vim /etc/man.conf
添加 MAN PATH /usr/local/apache2/man
或者直接使用命令：man -M /usr/local/apache2/man apache
(d) 添加PATH路径
vim /etc/profile.d/httpd2.4.sh
添加export PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH
(e) 创建启动服务和开机启动
修改/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf添加一行PidFile “/var/run/httpd2.4.pid”
然后修改/etc/init.d/httpd,以下3行改为相对应的地址
apachectl=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd}
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd2.4.pid}
service httpd start 即可启动
注意：
编译安装2.4版本的主配置文件/etc/apache2.4没有像yum安装的2.2版本的主配置文件/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
一样分为三段，分段配置文件为/etc/apache2.4/extra/*.conf
httpd-vhost.conf：配置虚拟主机
httpd-ssl.conf:配置ssl
httpd-mpm.conf:配置MPM
(f) 日志轮循设置
复制安装包中 /httpd-2.4.17/build/rpm/httpd.logrotate到 /etc/logrotate.d/ 目录
httpd.logrotate中 /var/log/httpd/*log 可以更改为自己需要的路径，例:/usr/local/apache2/logs/*log
执行logrotate -d来dbug下有没错误
logrotate -d /etc/logrotate.conf
执行logrotate 使日志轮循生效
logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf
至此apache安装完成。
4. httpd-2.4新特性
(a) MPM支持在运行时装载：
--enable-mpms-shared=all(编译所有支持的MPM) --with-mpm=event（设定默认启用的MPM）
(b)支持event
(c)异步读写
(d)在每模块及每目录上指定日志级别
(e)每请求配置：,
(f) 增强版的表达分析器
(g) 毫秒级的keepalivetimout
(h)基于FQDN的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令
(i) 配置文件支持使用自定义变量
新增了一些模块：mod_proxy_fcgi,mod_ratelimit,mod_request,mod_remoteip
对于基于IP的访问控制做了修改：不再支持用order,allow,deny这些机制而是统一使用require进行
注意：
1. 访问控制参数的写法:
原本使用 Order Deny / Allow 的方式，改用 Require
require all granted 允许所有访问
require all denied拒绝所有访问
仅允许IP为192.168.1.1的主机访问
require all granted
require ip 192.168.1.1 (也可以写成网段)
禁止192.168.1.2的主机访问,其他的都允许
require all granted
require not ip 192.168.1.2
2. Namevirtualhost参数被移除
3. RewriteLogLevel 参数改为 logLevel
4. 压缩使用mod_deflate 外， Apache 2.4 中还需要mod_filter
SSL开启mod_ssl 外，Apache 2.4 中还需要mod_socache_shmcb
附上原有yum安装后,经修改的/etc/init.d/httpd 脚本，没装过httpd的可以直接使用：
1#!/bin/bash
2 #
3 #httpd Startup script for theApache HTTP Server
4 #
5 #chkconfig: - 85 15
6 #description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible\
7# server implementing thecurrent HTTP standards.
8 #processname: httpd
9 #config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
10 #config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
11 #pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid
12 #
13### BEGIN INIT INFO
14 #Provides: httpd
15 #Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $named
16 #Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network
17 #Should-Start: distcache
18 #Short-Description: start and stop Apache HTTP Server
19 #Description: The Apache HTTP Server is an extensible server
20#implementing the current HTTPstandards.
21 ###END INIT INFO
22
23 #Source function library.
24 ./etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
25
26if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
27 . /etc/sysconfig/httpd
28fi
29
30 #Start httpd in the C locale by default.
31HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
32
33 #This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
34 #mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
35INITLOG_ARGS=""
36
37 #Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
38 #with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules maynot
39 #work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
40
41 #Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
42#apachectl=/usr/sbin/apachectl
43 apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
44 httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
45prog=httpd
46pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd/httpd2.4.pid}
47 lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
48RETVAL=0
49 STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}
50
51 #The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does
52 #things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown
53 #when not running is also a failure.Sowe just do it the way init scripts
54 #are expected to behave here.
55start() {
56 echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
57 LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
58 RETVAL=$?
59 echo
60 [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
61 return $RETVAL
62 }
63
64 #When stopping httpd, a delay (of default 10 second) is required
65 #before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; this gives enough time for the
66 #httpd parent to SIGKILL any errant children.
67stop() {
68 echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
69 killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd
70 RETVAL=$?
71 echo
72 [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
73 }
74reload() {
75 echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
76 if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
77 RETVAL=6
78 echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
79 failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntaxerror"
80 else
81 # Force LSB behaviour from killproc
82 LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
83 RETVAL=$?
84 if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then
85 failure $"httpd shutdown"
86 fi
87 fi
88 echo
89 }
90
91 #See how we were called.
92case "$1" in
93start)
94 start
95 ;;
96stop)
97 stop
98 ;;
99status)
100 status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
101 RETVAL=$?
102 ;;
103restart)
104 stop
105 start
106 ;;
107condrestart|try-restart)
108 if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then
109 stop
110 start
111 fi
112 ;;
113force-reload|reload)
114 reload
115 ;;
116graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
117 $apachectl $@
118 RETVAL=$?
119 ;;
120*)
121 echo $"Usage: $prog{start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
122 RETVAL=2
123 esac
124
125 exit $RETVAL
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