apache压力测试工具ab使用
简介ab的全称是ApacheBench，是 Apache 附带的一个小工具，专门用于 HTTP Server 的benchmark testing，可以同时模拟多个并发请求。前段时间看到公司的开发人员也在用它作一些测试，看起来也不错，很简 单，也很容易使用，所以今天花一点时间看了一下。
通过下面的一个简单的例子和注释，相信大家可 以更容易理解这个工具的使用。
一个简单的例子
/*在这个例子的一开始，我执行了这样一个命令 ab -n 10 -c 10 http://www.google.com/。这个命令的意思是启动 ab ，向 www.google.com发送10个请求(-n 10) ，并每次发送10个请求(-c 10)——也就是说一次都发过去了。跟着下面的是 ab 输 出的测试报告，红色部分是我添加的注释。*/
C:\Program Files\Apache SoftwareFoundation\Apache2.2\bin>ab -n 10 -c 10 http
://www.google.com/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.0.40-devapache-2.0
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd,http://www.zeustech.net/
Copyright 1997-2005 The Apache Software Foundation,http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking www.google.com (be patient).....done
Server Software: GWS/2.1
Server Hostname: www.google.com
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /
Document Length: 230 bytes
Concurrency Level: 10
/*整个测试持续的时间*/
Time taken for tests: 3.234651seconds
/*完成的请求数量*/
Complete requests: 10
/*失败的请求数量*/
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Non-2xx responses: 10
Keep-Alive requests: 10
/*整个场景中的网络传输量*/
Total transferred: 6020 bytes
/*整个场景中的HTML内容传输量*/
HTML transferred: 2300 bytes
/*大家最关心的指标之一，相当于 LR 中的 每秒事务数 ，后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值*/
Requests per second: 3.09 [#/sec](mean)
/*大家最关心的指标之二，相当于 LR 中的 平均事务响应时间 ，后面括号中的 mean 表示这是一个平均值*/
Time per request: 3234.651 (mean)
/*这个还不知道是什么意思，有知道的朋友请留言，谢谢 ^_^ */
Time per request: 323.465 (mean, across all concurrent requests)
/*平均每秒网络上的流量，可以帮助排除是否存在网络流量过大导致响应时间延长的问题*/
Transfer rate: 1.55 received
/*网络上消耗的时间的分解，各项数据的具体算法还不是很清楚*/
Connection Times (ms)
minmean[+/-sd]median max
Connect: 20318926.1 30 2954
Processing: 40 2160 1462.0 3034 3154
Waiting: 40 2160 1462.0 3034 3154
Total: 60 2479 1276.4 3064 3184
/*下面的内容为整个场景中所有请求的响应情况。在场景中每个请求都有一个响应时间，其中 50％ 的用户响应时间小于 3064 毫秒，60 ％ 的用户响应时间小于 3094 毫秒，最大的响应时间小于 3184 毫秒*/
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time(ms)
50% 3064
66% 3094
75% 3124
80% 3154
90% 3184
95% 3184
98% 3184
99% 3184
100% 3184(longest request)
更多信息
ab 不像 LR 那么强大，但是它足够轻便，如果只是在开发过程中想检查一下某个模块的响应情况，或者做一些场景比较 简单的测试，ab 还 是一个不错的选择——至少不用花费很多时间去学习 LR 那些复杂的功能，就更别说那 License的价格了。
下面是 ab 的详细参数解释，大家有兴趣的可以研 究一下，最近没有足够多的时间研究，如果哪位朋友有兴趣希望可以帮忙翻译一下每个参数的含义，有问题讨论也欢迎在这里回帖 ^_^
ab [-A auth-username:password ] [ -c concurrency ] [ -C cookie-name=value ] [ -d ] [ -e csv-file ] [ -g gnuplot-file ] [ -h ] [ -H custom-header ] [ -i ] [ -k ] [ -n requests ] [ -p POST-file ] [ -P proxy-auth-username:password ] [ -q ] [ -s ] [ -S ] [ -t timelimit ] [ -T content-type ] [ -v verbosity] [ -V ] [ -w ] [ -x -attributes ] [ -X proxy[:port] ] [ -y -attributes ] [ -z -attributes ] hostname[:port]/path
-A auth-username:password
Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to the server. Theusername and password are separated by a single : and sent on the wire base64 encoded. Thestring is sent regardless of whether the server needs it (i.e.,has sent an 401 authentication needed).
-c concurrency
Number of multiple requests to perform at a time. Default isone request at a time.
-C cookie-name=value
Add a Cookie: line tothe request. The argument is typically in the form of a name=value pair.This field is repeatable.
-d
Do not display the "percentage served within XX table".(legacy support).
-e csv-file
Write a Comma separated value (CSV) file which contains foreach percentage (from 1% to 100%) the time (in milliseconds) it took toserve that percentage of the requests. This is usually more useful thanthe 'gnuplot' file; as the results are already 'binned'.
-g gnuplot-file
Write all measured values out as a 'gnuplot' or TSV (Tabseparate values) file. This file can easily be imported into packageslike Gnuplot,>
-h
Display usage information.
-H custom-header
Append extra headers to the request. The argument is typicallyin the form of a valid header line, containing a colon-separatedfield-value pair (i.e., "Accept-Encoding:zip/zop;8bit").
-i
Do HEAD requestsinstead of GET.
-k
Enable the HTTP KeepAlive feature, i.e., performmultiple requests within one HTTP session. Default is no KeepAlive.
-n requests
Number of requests to perform for the benchmarking session.The default is to just perform a single request which usually leads tonon-representative benchmarking results.
-p POST-file
File containing data to POST.
-P proxy-auth-username:password
Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to a proxy en-route.The username and password are separated by a single : and sent on the wire base64 encoded. Thestring is sent regardless of whether the proxy needs it (i.e.,has sent an 407 proxy authentication needed).
-q
When processing more than 150 requests, ab outputs a progress count on stderr every 10% or 100 requests or so.The -q flag willsuppress these messages.
-s
When compiled in (ab -h willshow you) use the SSL protected https ratherthan the http protocol.This feature is experimental and very rudimentary. Youprobably do not want to use it.
-S
Do not display the median and standard deviation values, nordisplay the warning/error messages when the average and median are morethan one or two times the standard deviation apart. And default to themin/avg/max values. (legacy support).
-t timelimit
Maximum number of seconds to spend for benchmarking. Thisimplies a -n 50000internally. Use this to benchmark the server within a fixed total amountof time. Per default there is no timelimit.
-T content-type
Content-type header to use for POST data.
-v verbosity
Set verbosity level - 4 andabove prints information on headers, 3 and above prints response codes (404,200, etc.), 2 and aboveprints warnings and info.
-V
Display version number and exit.
-w
Print out results in HTML tables. Default table is two columnswide, with a white background.
-x -attributes
String to use as attributes for . Attributes are inserted .
-X proxy[:port]
Use a proxy server for the requests.
-y -attributes
String to use as attributes for .
-z -attributes
String to use as attributes for .
相关链接
ab 是 Apache 的一个安装组件，所以需要下载Apache 安装后才能使用，可以访问 Apache 的项目主页来下载http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
ab 的更多信息可以参加 Apache 主页上的描述
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/ab.html
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