使用 Nginx 和 Memcached 对 WordPress 的整页做缓存
页面加载时间已成为每一个电子商务网站的非常重要的一项指标。而 Magento 是一个资源消耗的大户，如果不使用诸如反向代理和整页缓存机制的话，其性能是非常之差。而使用 nginx + memcached 来创建一个整页缓存是非常简单的。有言在先：
建议不用使用 Varnish 或者是 Magento 自身的整页缓存机制，本文介绍的方案非常简单，如果你使用其他方法可能会引来更多的麻烦，这些麻烦主要集中在缓存的清除上。
另外一个问题是你需要确认使用指定的 URL 来清除两级缓存中的数据。
下面让我们来看具体的实现方法：
这个配置文件我在 Magento 和 WordPress 都测试过！
001#memcache servers load balanced002upstream memcached {003 server server_ip_1:11211 weight=5 max_fails=3fail_timeout=30s;004 server server_ip_2:11211 weight=3 max_fails=3fail_timeout=30s;005 server server_ip_3:11211;006 keepalive 1024 single;007}008#fastcgi - little load balancer009upstream phpbackend{010 server server_ip_1:9000 weight=5 max_fails=5fail_timeout=30s;011 server server_ip_2:9000 weight=3 max_fails=3fail_timeout=30s;012 server server_ip_3:9000;013}014server {015 listen 80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied016 root /var/www/vhosts/kingletas.com/www;017 server_name kingletas.com;018 index index.php index.html index.htm;019 020 client_body_timeout1460;021 client_header_timeout 1460;022 send_timeout 1460;023 client_max_body_size 10m;024 keepalive_timeout 1300;025 026 location /app/ { deny all; }027 location /includes/ { deny all; }028 location /lib/ { deny all; }029 location /media/downloadable/ { deny all; }030 location /pkginfo/ { deny all; }031 location /report/config.xml { deny all; }032 location /var/ { deny all; }033 034 location ~* \.(jpg|png|gif|css|js|swf|flv|ico)$ {035 expires max;036 tcp_nodelay off;037 tcp_nopush on;038 }039 location / {040 041 try_files $uri $uri/ @handler;042 expires 30d;043 }044 location @handler {045 rewrite / /index.php;046 }047 048 location ~ \.php$ {049 if (!-e $request_filename) { 050 rewrite / /index.php last; 051 }052 expires off; ## Do not cache dynamic content053 default_type text/html; charset utf-8;054 if ($request_method = GET) { # I know if statements are evil but don't know how else to do this055 set $memcached_key $request_uri; Catalog request modal 056 memcached_pass memcached;057 error_page 404 502 = @cache_miss;058 add_header x-header-memcached true;059 }060 if ($request_method != GET) {061 fastcgi_pass phpbackend;062 }063 }064 location @cache_miss {065 # are we using a reverse proxy?066 proxy_set_headerX-Real-IP$remote_addr;067 proxy_set_headerX-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;068 proxy_set_header Host $http_host;069 proxy_redirect off;070 proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;071 072 #configure fastcgi073 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;074 fastcgi_send_timeout5m;075 fastcgi_read_timeout 5m;076 fastcgi_connect_timeout 5m;077 fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;078 fastcgi_buffers 4 512k;079 fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 768k;080 fastcgi_param GEOIP_COUNTRY_CODE $geoip_country_code; 081 fastcgi_param GEOIP_COUNTRY_NAME $geoip_country_name; 082 fastcgi_paramPHP_VALUE "memory_limit = 32M";083 fastcgi_paramPHP_VALUE "max_execution_time = 18000";084 fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;085 include fastcgi_params;086 }087 location ~ /\. {088 deny all;089 }090}091#if you want to make it even better your own cdn092#server {093# listen 80; 094# server_name media.kingletas.com;095# root /var/www/vhosts/kingletas.com/www;096#}097#server {098# listen 80; 099# server_name css.kingletas.com;100# root /var/www/vhosts/kingletas.com/www;101#}102#server {103# listen 80; 104# server_name js.kingletas.com;105# root /var/www/vhosts/kingletas.com/www;106#} 另外一个要点需要记住的是 Nginx 试图从内存中读取数据，而不往里面写，也就是说你仍然需要自己负责往 memcached 中写数据，因此我们需要在 WordPress 里的 index.php 做如下处理：
01/**02* Front to the WordPress application. This file doesn't do anything, but loads03* wp-blog-header.php which does and tells WordPress to load the theme.04 *05* @package WordPress06 */07 08/**09* Tells WordPress to load the WordPress theme and output it.10 *11* 12 */13ini_set("memcache.compress_threshold",4294967296); //2^3214ob_start();15 16define('WP_USE_THEMES', true);17 18/** Loads the WordPress Environment and Template */19require('./wp-blog-header.php');20 21$buffer = ob_get_contents();22 23ob_end_clean();24 25$memcache_obj = memcache_connect("localhost", 11211);26memcache_add($memcache_obj,$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'],$buffer,0);27 28echo $buffer; 最后需要注意的是，我们必须修改 memcache.compress_threshold 设置项值为很大的数字，因为一旦超限时 memcached 将会忽略不压缩的设置。
同样的思路也适用于 Magento。
英文原文，OSCHINA原创翻译
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