lvs配合keepalived实现mysql高可用负载均衡及读写分离
拓扑结构：http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M02/59/06/wKioL1TFsv-wr0ynAAEw1OWJppc077.jpg
实验规划：
把后端的mysql做成“一主多从”复制架构，主的mysql将提供“写”操作，从的mysql将提供“读”操作，两台服务器做lvs-keepalived实现高可用，正常情况下，一台服务器获得对mysql“写”操作的vip，另一台服务器获得对mysql"读"操作的vip，当用户请求连接“写”vip操作时，将被lvs调度到主的mysql上，当用户请求连接“读”vip操作时，将被lvs调度到从的mysql上。
实验环境：
ipvsadm-1.26-4.el6.x86_64
keepalived-1.2.13-4.el6.x86_64
Linux centos-server 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64
mysql-5.1
首先配置主从复制：
配置主mysql
# vim/etc/my.cnf#修改my.cnf
port = 3306
binlog-do-db=dragon #同步的数据库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql #不同步的数据库
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema
server-id= 1 #server-id要唯一
log-bin=mysql-bin
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000037 | 106 | dragon | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.08 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'back'@'192.168.150.%' identified by 'qwe123';
1 row in set (0.01 sec) #添加用户"back"，SLAVE用于登录本机复制数据库日志文件
# cd /usr/local/mysql/var/
# tar zcf dragon.tar.gz dragon/
scp dragon.tar.gz root@192.168.150.137:/usr/local/mysql/var/#把数据库复制到SLAVE上
配置从mysql：
修改my.cnf的server-id为2
# cd /usr/local/mysql/var/
#tar xf dragon.tar.gz #先解压缩复制过来的数据库文件
#mysql -uroot -pqwe123
mysql> slave stop;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql>change master to master_host='192.168.150.128',master_user='back',masaster_log_pos=106; #使用用户"back"复制MASTER的"mysql-bin.000025"日志
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> slave start;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
# service mysqld restart #重启SLAVE的mysql
# mysql -uroot -pqwe123
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.150.128
Master_User: back
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000037
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 106
Relay_Log_File: drbd1-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 251
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000037
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
在从mysql配置提供“读”操作的vip，并且禁止apr响应和添加路由条目：
# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore=1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce=2
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce=2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore=1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce=2
# sysctl -p
# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.150.201/32
# route add -host 192.168.150.201 dev lo:0
在从mysql配置提供“写”操作的vip，并且禁止apr响应和添加路由条目：
# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore=1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce=2
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce=2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore=1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce=2
# sysctl -p
# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.150.200/32
# route add -host 192.168.150.200 dev lo:0
配置LVS调度：
#sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.eth3.send_redirects=0
net.ipv4.conf.eth2.send_redirects = 0
# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.150.200:3306 -s rr
# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.150.200:3306 -r 192.168.150.129 -g -w 1
# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.150.201:3306 -s rr
# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.150.201:3306 -r 192.168.150.128 -g -w 1
# service ipvsadm save
配置keepalived实现高可用：
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 220.181.12.11
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id haproxy_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state mastert #另一端keepalived配置为slave
interface eth3 #挂载vip的本地网卡
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100 #另一配置文件为“80”
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1234
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.150.200/24 dev eth3
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.150.200/24 3306 {#后端mysql的健康检测
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.150.128 3306 {
weight 3
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
state slave #另一端keepalived配置为“master”
interface eth3
virtual_router_id 52
priority 80 #另一端keepalived配置为“100”
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1234
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.150.201/24 dev eth3
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.150.201/24 3306 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.150.129 3306 {
weight 3
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}
# service keepalived restart#两端keepalived重启
连接vip测试：
请求“写”操作的vip时，能够被正常调度
# mysql -uback -pqwe123 -h 192.168.150.200
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 161
Server version: 5.1.55-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL v2 license
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
请求“读”操作时，能够被正常调度
# mysql -uread -pqwe123 -h 192.168.150.201
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.1.55-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL v2 license
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
查看lvs当前处理的调度：
#ipvsadm -Lnc
IPVS connection entries
pro expire state source virtual destination
TCP 14:56ESTABLISHED 192.168.150.129:53464 192.168.150.200:3306 192.168.150.128:3306
TCP 00:46NONE 192.168.150.129:0192.168.150.200:3306 192.168.150.128:3306
# ipvsadm -Lnc
IPVS connection entries
pro expire state source virtual destination
TCP 01:25FIN_WAIT 192.168.150.128:49274 192.168.150.201:3306 192.168.150.129:3306
TCP 14:41ESTABLISHED 192.168.150.128:49275 192.168.150.201:3306 192.168.150.129:3306
keepalived实现故障转移：
停掉其中一台HA的网卡
# ifdown eth3 虚拟IP被转移
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M02/59/07/wKioL1TFu3XifXfJAAHjmJJA2xg665.jpg
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