18.1 集群介绍 18.2 keepalived介绍 18.3/18.4/18.5 用keepalived配置高可用集群
- 18.6 负载均衡集群介绍- 18.7 LVS介绍
- 18.8 LVS调度算法
- 18.9/18.10 LVS NAT模式搭建
- 扩展
- lvs 三种模式详解 http://www.it165.net/admin/html/201401/2248.html
- lvs几种算法 http://www.aminglinux.com/bbs/thread-7407-1-1.html
- 关于arp_ignore和 arp_announcehttp://www.cnblogs.com/lgfeng/archive/2012/10/16/2726308.html
- lvs原理相关的 http://blog.csdn.net/pi9nc/article/details/23380589
# 18.6 负载均衡集群介绍
-主流开源软件LVS、keepalived、haproxy、nginx等
-其中LVS属于4层(网络OSI 7层模型),nginx属于7层,haproxy既可以认为是4层,也可以当做7层使用
-keepalived的负载均衡功能其实就是lvs
-lvs这种4层的负载均衡是可以分发除80外的其他端口通信的,比如MySQL的,而nginx仅仅支持http,https,mail,haproxy也支持MySQL这种
-相比较来说,LVS这种4层的更稳定,能承受更多的请求,而nginx这种7层的更加灵活,能实现更多的个性化需求
# 18.7 LVS介绍
- LVS是由国人章文嵩开发,(开源)
- 流行度不亚于apache的httpd,基于TCP/IP做的路由和转发,稳定性和效率很高
-LVS最新版本基于Linux内核2.6,有好多年不更新了
-LVS有三种常见的模式:NAT、DR、IP Tunnel
-LVS架构中有一个核心角色叫做分发器(Load balance),它用来分发用户的请求,还有诸多处理用户请求的服务器(Real Server,简称rs)
- LVS NAT模式
-这种模式借助iptables的nat表来实现
-用户的请求到分发器后,通过预设的iptables规则,把请求的数据包转发到后端的rs上去
-rs需要设定网关为分发器的内网ip
- 用户请求的数据包和返回给用户的数据包全部经过分发器,所以分发器成为瓶颈
- 在nat模式中,只需要分发器有公网ip即可,所以比较节省公网ip资源
- !(http://oqxf7c508.bkt.clouddn.com/blog/20171113/211634303.png?imageslim)
- 原理图解释:
- Load Balancer,就是一个分发器;把用户的请求,分发给后端的Real Server ,Real Server这些服务器接收到请求以后,处理好请求以后,就重新丢回给Load Balancer;最后Load Balancer再返回给用户;这个模式的弊端,就是请求量、反馈量大的时候,Load Balancer的压力很大,一般最多支持10来台服务器,超过10台的话就会有力不从心;这个结构,只需要有一个公网IP,其他real server服务器全部在内网就可以实现。优点,节省很多的资源
- LVS IP Tunnel模式
- 这种模式,需要有一个公共的IP配置在分发器和所有rs上,我们把它叫做vip
-客户端请求的目标IP为vip,分发器接收到请求数据包后,会对数据包做一个加工,会把目标IP改为rs的IP,这样数据包就到了rs上
- rs接收数据包后,会还原原始数据包,这样目标IP为vip,因为所有rs上配置了这个vip,所以它会认为是它自己
-!(http://oqxf7c508.bkt.clouddn.com/blog/20171113/211803012.png?imageslim)
-原理图解释:
- 在load balancer与real server之间建立了虚拟通道 ip tunnel ;实际上是更改了数据包的IP;请求过来通过load balancer,通过在real server上配置的VIP;用户请求的时候,数据包里面包好的目的IP,当数据包到达load balancer的时候,load balancer会进行一个数据包目的IP的更改,然后发送到具体的real server上,通过lvs的自己的算法,进行实现到底传输到那个real server上;然后real server再解包处理,再通过一个VIP直接返回到用户,这就省略数据回到load balancer分发器的过程,这样就load balancer就没有瓶颈
-LVS DR模式
- 这种模式,也需要有一个公共的IP配置在分发器和所有rs上,也就是vip
- 和IP Tunnel不同的是,它会把数据包的MAC地址修改为rs的MAC地址
- rs接收数据包后,会还原原始数据包,这样目标IP为vip,因为所有rs上配置了这个vip,所以它会认为是它自己
-!(http://oqxf7c508.bkt.clouddn.com/blog/20171113/211902802.png?imageslim)
# 18.8 LVS的调度算法
- 轮询 Round-Robin 简称:rr最简单的也是最容易理解
用户请求过来,均衡的分发到rs上
-加权轮询 Weight Round-Robin 简称:wrr
带权重的轮询,可以对机器单独设置权重,对高权重的机器发送的请求会多一些
- 最小连接 Least-Connection简称: lc
把请求发送到请求数量小的rs上
- 加权最小连接 Weight Least-Connection简称: wlc
对请求数量小的rs,加上一个权重,使他优先
- 基于局部性的最小连接 Locality-Based Least Connections简称: lblc
- 带复制的基于局部性最小连接 Locality-Based Least Connections with Replication 简称: lblcr
- 目标地址散列调度 Destination Hashing 简称:dh
- 源地址散列调度 Source Hashing 简称: sh
# 18.9 LVS NAT模式搭建(上)
- NAT模式搭建 – 准备工作
- 三台机器
-分发器,也叫调度器(简写为dir)
-内网:202.130,外网:142.147(vmware仅主机模式)
-rs1
内网:202.132,设置网关为202.130
-rs2
内网:202.133,设置网关为202.130
-三台机器上都执行执行
-systemctl stop firewalld; systemc disable firewalld
-systemctl startiptables-services; iptables -F; service iptables save
- [ ] 这里复习下,怎么更改主机名 hostnamectl set-hostname aming-03
```
# hostnamectl set-hostname aming-03
# bash
#
```
- 分发器
```
# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163mtu 1500
inet 192.168.202.130netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 192.168.202.255
inet6 fe80::ecdd:28b7:612b:cb7prefixlen 64scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:2e:28:f2txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 9208bytes 6415236 (6.1 MiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 11214bytes 937882 (915.9 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
ens33:0: flags=4163mtu 1500
inet 192.168.202.150netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 192.168.202.255
ether 00:0c:29:2e:28:f2txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
ens37: flags=4163mtu 1500
inet 192.168.142.147netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 192.168.142.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2e:28fcprefixlen 64scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:2e:28:fctxqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 474bytes 43996 (42.9 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 238bytes 32037 (31.2 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
lo: flags=73mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1prefixlen 128scopeid 0x10
looptxqueuelen 1(Local Loopback)
RX packets 50bytes 4276 (4.1 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 50bytes 4276 (4.1 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
#
```
- !(http://oqxf7c508.bkt.clouddn.com/blog/20171114/004014772.png?imageslim)
- rs1网关设置192.168.202.130
```
# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163mtu 1500
inet 192.168.202.132netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 192.168.202.255
inet6 fe80::4500:6d42:8612:4e53prefixlen 64scopeid 0x20
inet6 fe80::ecdd:28b7:612b:cb7prefixlen 64scopeid 0x20
inet6 fe80::ddac:89a0:52f8:d08dprefixlen 64scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:58:33:e6txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 2300bytes 188527 (184.1 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 985bytes 105210 (102.7 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
ens33:0: flags=4163mtu 1500
inet 192.168.202.152netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 192.168.202.255
ether 00:0c:29:58:33:e6txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
lo: flags=73mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1prefixlen 128scopeid 0x10
looptxqueuelen 1(Local Loopback)
RX packets 84bytes 6884 (6.7 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 84bytes 6884 (6.7 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
#
```
- rs2 网关设置192.168.202.130
```
# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163mtu 1500
inet 192.168.202.133netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 192.168.202.255
inet6 fe80::4500:6d42:8612:4e53prefixlen 64scopeid 0x20
inet6 fe80::ecdd:28b7:612b:cb7prefixlen 64scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:9c:2b:f0txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 2019bytes 173062 (169.0 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 1969bytes 150115 (146.5 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
ens33:0: flags=4163mtu 1500
inet 192.168.202.153netmask 255.255.255.0broadcast 192.168.202.255
ether 00:0c:29:9c:2b:f0txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
lo: flags=73mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1prefixlen 128scopeid 0x10
looptxqueuelen 1(Local Loopback)
RX packets 337bytes 29100 (28.4 KiB)
RX errors 0dropped 0overruns 0frame 0
TX packets 337bytes 29100 (28.4 KiB)
TX errors 0dropped 0 overruns 0carrier 0collisions 0
#
```
- 然后3台机器 都需要关闭下防火墙
- aming-01
```
# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 1769 packets, 147K bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 7346 packets, 401K bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
#
```
- aming-02
```
# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
#
```
- aming-03
```
# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
#
```
- 按照iptables-services 包对第三台机器
```
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repoCentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo epel.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repoCentOS-Sources.repo epel-testing.repo
# mv epel.repo epel.repo.1
改名是因为epel.repos包是国外的资源,下载速度慢
# yum lish |grep iptables-service
没有该命令:lish。请使用 /usr/bin/yum --help
# yum list |grep iptables-service
iptables-services.x86_64 1.4.21-18.2.el7_4 updates
# yum install -y iptables-services
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.163.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 iptables-services.x86_64.0.1.4.21-18.2.el7_4 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 iptables = 1.4.21-18.2.el7_4,它被软件包 iptables-services-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 iptables.x86_64.0.1.4.21-17.el7 将被 升级
---> 软件包 iptables.x86_64.0.1.4.21-18.2.el7_4 将被 更新
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
============================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
============================================================================================
正在安装:
iptables-services x86_64 1.4.21-18.2.el7_4 updates 51 k
为依赖而更新:
iptables x86_64 1.4.21-18.2.el7_4 updates 428 k
事务概要
============================================================================================
安装1 软件包
升级 ( 1 依赖软件包)
总下载量:479 k
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/2): iptables-services-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64.rpm |51 kB00:00:00
(2/2): iptables-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64.rpm | 428 kB00:00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 520 kB/s | 479 kB00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在更新 : iptables-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64 1/3
正在安装 : iptables-services-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64 2/3
清理 : iptables-1.4.21-17.el7.x86_64 3/3
验证中 : iptables-services-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64 1/3
验证中 : iptables-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64 2/3
验证中 : iptables-1.4.21-17.el7.x86_64 3/3
已安装:
iptables-services.x86_64 0:1.4.21-18.2.el7_4
作为依赖被升级:
iptables.x86_64 0:1.4.21-18.2.el7_4
完毕!
#
```
- 对第二台机器按照iptables-series包
```
# yum install -y iptables-services
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.btte.net
* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 iptables-services.x86_64.0.1.4.21-18.2.el7_4 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 iptables = 1.4.21-18.2.el7_4,它被软件包 iptables-services-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 iptables.x86_64.0.1.4.21-17.el7 将被 升级
---> 软件包 iptables.x86_64.0.1.4.21-18.2.el7_4 将被 更新
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=======================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=======================================================================================================
正在安装:
iptables-services x86_64 1.4.21-18.2.el7_4 updates 51 k
为依赖而更新:
iptables x86_64 1.4.21-18.2.el7_4 updates 428 k
事务概要
=======================================================================================================
安装1 软件包
升级 ( 1 依赖软件包)
总下载量:479 k
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/2): iptables-services-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64.rpm |51 kB00:00:00
(2/2): iptables-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64.rpm | 428 kB00:00:03
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 124 kB/s | 479 kB00:00:03
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在更新 : iptables-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64 1/3
正在安装 : iptables-services-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64 2/3
清理 : iptables-1.4.21-17.el7.x86_64 3/3
验证中 : iptables-services-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64 1/3
验证中 : iptables-1.4.21-18.2.el7_4.x86_64 2/3
验证中 : iptables-1.4.21-17.el7.x86_64 3/3
已安装:
iptables-services.x86_64 0:1.4.21-18.2.el7_4
作为依赖被升级:
iptables.x86_64 0:1.4.21-18.2.el7_4
完毕!
#
```
- 对第二台aming-02 ,先把epel.repo 改名 再重新下载就快了
```
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# ls
CentOS-Base.repoCentOS-Debuginfo.repoCentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repoepel-testing.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repoCentOS-Sources.repoepel.repo
# mv epel.repo epel.repo.1
```
- 查看哪个包 都安装了哪些文件
```
# systemctl start iptables-services
Failed to start iptables-services.service: Unit not found.
# rpm -ql iptables-services
/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables
/etc/sysconfig/iptables
/usr/lib/systemd/system/ip6tables.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/iptables.service
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/ip6tables
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/ip6tables/panic
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/ip6tables/save
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/iptables
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/iptables/panic
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/iptables/save
/usr/libexec/iptables
/usr/libexec/iptables/ip6tables.init
/usr/libexec/iptables/iptables.init
#
```
- 开启iptables服务 启动服务 systemctl start iptables
- 设置开机启动 systemctl enable iptables
```
# systemctl start iptables
# systemctl enable iptables
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/iptables.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/iptables.service.
#
```
- 第三台也是
```
# systemctl start iptables
# systemctl enable iptables
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/iptables.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/iptables.service.
#
```
- 查看表,是否使用了netfilter服务了
```
# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
655144 ACCEPT all--* * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
0 0 ACCEPT icmp --* * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT all--lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT tcp--* * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
0 0 REJECT all--* * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 REJECT all--* * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 48 packets, 4984 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
#
```
- 清空表的规则,以便后续实验
```
# iptables -F
# service iptables save
iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[确定]
#
```
- 以上步骤需要检查另外两台 rs 机器是否开启firewalld 服务,如果开启切换为netfilter服务
- 对第二台 aming-02 这样做
```
# cd
# iptables -F
# service iptables save
iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[确定]
#
```
- 把三台机器额 selinux 都关闭,临时关闭 setenforce 0 永久关闭 vi /etc/selinux/config,把里面的SELINUX=disabled
- 设置网关,必须把rs1 rs2 设置为分发器的ip地址192.168.202.130,设置好后 这俩台机器局不能访问外网了
- rs1 aming-02
```
# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
# systemctl restart network.service
#
```
- rs2 aming-03
```
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
# systemctl restart network.service
#
```
- 看下第一台分发器上 ,防火墙都关闭了
```
# iptables -nvL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 1923 packets, 159K bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 6713 packets, 387K bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
# getenforce
Permissive
#
```
- 准备工作就到这里了
# 18.10 LVS NAT模式搭建(下)
- 在dir上安装ipvsadm 在分发器dir上,安装ipvsadm ,这个是实现 lvs 的一个重要的工具,缺少这个工具,将没有办法实现 lvs 的功能
-yum install -y ipvsdam
-因为epel.repo的包是国外资源,所以需要改个名字,再去yum 下载包
```
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# ls
CentOS-Base.repoCentOS-Debuginfo.repoCentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repoepel-testing.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repoCentOS-Sources.repoepel.repo
# mv epel.repo epel.repo.1
# yum install -y ipvsadm
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 ipvsadm.x86_64.0.1.27-7.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
======================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
======================================================================================================================
正在安装:
ipvsadm x86_64 1.27-7.el7 base 45 k
事务概要
======================================================================================================================
安装1 软件包
总下载量:45 k
安装大小:75 k
Downloading packages:
ipvsadm-1.27-7.el7.x86_64.rpm |45 kB00:00:01
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : ipvsadm-1.27-7.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : ipvsadm-1.27-7.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
ipvsadm.x86_64 0:1.27-7.el7
完毕!
#
```
-在dir上编写脚本,vim /usr/local/sbin/lvs_nat.sh//内容如下
-编写一个脚本,用脚本进行维护会比较方便,不用一条命令一条命令的进行操作
```
# vi /usr/local/sbin/lvs_nat.sh
#! /bin/bash
# director 服务器上开启路由转发功能
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
# 关闭icmp的重定向
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/send_redirects
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/default/send_redirects
# 注意区分网卡名字,阿铭的两个网卡分别为ens33和ens37
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ens33/send_redirects
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ens37/send_redirects
# director 设置nat防火墙
iptables -t nat -F
iptables -t nat -X
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.202.0/24-j MASQUERADE
# director设置ipvsadm
IPVSADM='/usr/sbin/ipvsadm'
$IPVSADM -C
$IPVSADM -A -t 192.168.142.147:80 -s lc -p 3
$IPVSADM -a -t 192.168.142.147:80 -r 192.168.202.132:80 -m -w 1
$IPVSADM -a -t 192.168.142.147:80 -r 192.168.202.133:80 -m -w 1
~
~
~
:wq
# vi /usr/local/sbin/lvs_nat.sh
#
```
- 可以执行下,没有输出,就是没有错误,一般有错误信息会直接报错出来
```
# sh /usr/local/sbin/lvs_nat.sh
#
```
- 两台rs上都安装nginx
-设置两台rs的主页,做一个区分,也就是说直接curl两台rs的ip时,得到不同的结果
-浏览器里访问192.168.142.147,多访问几次看结果差异
-先去第二台机器上看下有没有启动nginx 服务
```
# ps aux |grep nginx
root 42800.00.0 112680 980 pts/0 S+ 20:49 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 911/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1659/master
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1294/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 911/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1659/master
# systemctl start nginx
# !ps
ps aux |grep nginx
root 42950.00.2 1227922080 ? Ss 20:49 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/ngin
nginx 42960.00.3 1232243124 ? S 20:49 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 42980.00.0 112680 980 pts/0 S+ 20:49 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
# curl localhost
backup backup.
#
# vi /usr/share/nginx/index.html
# vi /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
aming02.
~
~
~
~
:wq
# vi /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
#
# curl localhost
aming02.
#
```
- 第三台也是这样配置,开启nginx服务
```
# systemctl start nginx
# vi /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
aming03.
~
~
~
~
:wq
# vi /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
# curl localhost
aming03.
#
```
- 我们现在可以做测试了,直接用windows 浏览器去访问192.168.142.147
- !(http://oqxf7c508.bkt.clouddn.com/blog/20171114/211736692.png?imageslim)
- 那我们把那个3秒取消掉,再看效果
- 把 $IPVSADM -A -t 192.168.142.147:80 -s lc -p 0 ,3 改为0
```
# !vi
vi /usr/local/sbin/lvs_nat.sh
#! /bin/bash
# director 服务器上开启路由转发功能
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
# 关闭icmp的重定向
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/send_redirects
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/default/send_redirects
# 注意区分网卡名字,阿铭的两个网卡分别为ens33和ens37
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ens33/send_redirects
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ens37/send_redirects
# director 设置nat防火墙
iptables -t nat -F
iptables -t nat -X
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.202.0/24-j MASQUERADE
# director设置ipvsadm
IPVSADM='/usr/sbin/ipvsadm'
$IPVSADM -C
$IPVSADM -A -t 192.168.142.147:80 -s lc -p 0
$IPVSADM -a -t 192.168.142.147:80 -r 192.168.202.132:80 -m -w 1
$IPVSADM -a -t 192.168.142.147:80 -r 192.168.202.133:80 -m -w 1
~
:wq
# sh /usr/local/sbin/lvs_nat.sh
invalid timeout value `0' specified
Memory allocation problem
Memory allocation problem
#
```
- 报错了,因为我们有些操作是重复的
```
# iptables -t nat -nvL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 480 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 328 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 328 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 328 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
2 152 MASQUERADEall--* * 192.168.202.0/24 0.0.0.0/0
# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
#
```
- 说明刚刚我们执行的脚本没有成功
```
# !sh
sh /usr/local/sbin/lvs_nat.sh
invalid timeout value `0' specified
Memory allocation problem
Memory allocation problem
#
```
- invalid timeout value `0' specified 不能设置为0 ,那把-p去掉
```
# !vi
vi /usr/local/sbin/lvs_nat.sh
#! /bin/bash
# director 服务器上开启路由转发功能
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
# 关闭icmp的重定向
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/send_redirects
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/default/send_redirects
# 注意区分网卡名字,阿铭的两个网卡分别为ens33和ens37
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ens33/send_redirects
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ens37/send_redirects
# director 设置nat防火墙
iptables -t nat -F
iptables -t nat -X
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.202.0/24-j MASQUERADE
# director设置ipvsadm
IPVSADM='/usr/sbin/ipvsadm'
$IPVSADM -C
$IPVSADM -A -t 192.168.142.147:80 -s lc
$IPVSADM -a -t 192.168.142.147:80 -r 192.168.202.132:80 -m -w 1
$IPVSADM -a -t 192.168.142.147:80 -r 192.168.202.133:80 -m -w 1
~
:wq
# !sh
sh /usr/local/sbin/lvs_nat.sh
#
```
- 再来看看,ipvsadm -ln出来了数据
```
# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP192.168.142.147:80 lc
-> 192.168.202.132:80 Masq 1 0 0
-> 192.168.202.133:80 Masq 1 0 0
#
#
#
```
- 再换成 $IPVSADM -A -t 192.168.142.147:80 -s rr,之前是lc
```
# vi /usr/local/sbin/lvs_nat.sh
#! /bin/bash
# director 服务器上开启路由转发功能
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
# 关闭icmp的重定向
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/send_redirects
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/default/send_redirects
# 注意区分网卡名字,阿铭的两个网卡分别为ens33和ens37
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ens33/send_redirects
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ens37/send_redirects
# director 设置nat防火墙
iptables -t nat -F
iptables -t nat -X
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.202.0/24-j MASQUERADE
# director设置ipvsadm
IPVSADM='/usr/sbin/ipvsadm'
$IPVSADM -C
$IPVSADM -A -t 192.168.142.147:80 -s rr
$IPVSADM -a -t 192.168.142.147:80 -r 192.168.202.132:80 -m -w 1
$IPVSADM -a -t 192.168.142.147:80 -r 192.168.202.133:80 -m -w 1
~
:wq
```
- 再来重新执行下
```
# vi /usr/local/sbin/lvs_nat.sh
# !sh
sh /usr/local/sbin/lvs_nat.sh
#
```
-!(http://oqxf7c508.bkt.clouddn.com/blog/20171114/212713940.png?imageslim)
-用curl来测测,访问外网,我们设置的 192.168.142.147 ,还是很均衡的,一下aming02 一下aming03
```
# curl 192.168.142.147
aming02.
# curl 192.168.142.147
aming03.
# curl 192.168.142.147
aming02.
# curl 192.168.142.147
aming03.
# curl 192.168.142.147
aming02.
# curl 192.168.142.147
aming03.
#
```
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