LVS+Keepalived实现负载均衡试验笔记
试验环境192.168.108.108 Master-LVS-Director
192.168.108.109 Backup-LVS-Director
192.168.108.180 VIP
192.168.108.161 RealServer1
192.168.108.162 RealServer2
拓扑图
http://salogs.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/LVS-DR.png
安装ipvsadm
# yum install -y ipvsadm
安装keepalived
确认当前运行的内核
# name -r
2.6.18-128.4.1.el5xen
# ls -1 /usr/src/kernels
2.6.18-128.4.1.el5-x86_64
2.6.18-128.el5-x86_64
# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.17.tar.gz
# tar -xvzf keepalived-1.1.17.tar.gz
# cd keepalived-1.1.17
# ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc/ --sbindir=/usr/sbin/ --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-128.4.1.el5-x86_64
Keepalived configuration
------------------------
Keepalived version: 1.1.17
Compiler: gcc
Compiler flags: -g -O2
Extra Lib : -lpopt -lssl -lcrypto
Use IPVS Framework: Yes
IPVS sync daemon support : Yes
Use VRRP Framework : Yes
Use LinkWatch: No
Use Debug flags: No
# make && make install
配置keepalived
# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
下载 keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
# 全局定义
global_defs {
notification_email {
13810955300@139.com
}
notification_email_from root@experiment.jobkoo.com
#smtp主机地址
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
#运行Keepalived服务器的一个标识。发邮件时显示在邮件标题中的信息
router_id LVS_MASTER
}
#VIP
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
#指定实例的初始状态(角色)。在两台router都启动时马上会根据priority的高低开始竞选
#高priority为Master
state MASTER
#VT_1 实例绑定的网卡
interface eth0
#VRID 标记(0-255)
virtual_router_id 51
#优先级,BACKUP的值一定要低于MASTER
priority 100
#检查间隔
advert_int 1
#设置认证
authentication {
#认证类型
auth_type PASS
#认证密码
auth_pass 1111
}
#VIP 这个IP在发生MASTER 到 BACKUP切换时会随之add或del，所以每台服务器上可以不绑定
#虚拟地址，而都放入virtual_ipaddress块中(可以多个)，keepalived会自动使用ip地址进
#行绑定(不需要依赖ifcfg-eth0)，利用ip add show eth0可以看到加入的VIP
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.108.180
}
}
#定义virtual_server (HTTP | 80)
virtual_server 192.168.108.180 80 {
delay_loop 6 # service polling的delay时间
lb_algo wlc # 调度算法
lb_kind DR # LVS工作方式
persistence_timeout 50# 会话保持时间
protocol TCP # 协议类型(TCP|UDP)
#定义rs1，每一个rs都需要下面的一个配置段
real_server 192.168.108.161 80 {
weight 1 # 权值 默认1，0为失效
# inhibit_on_failure # 在服务器健康检查失败后不从IPVS中删除而将其权值标记为0
# TCP方式的健康检查
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10 # 连接超时时间
nb_get_retry 3 # 重试次数
delay_before_retry 3 # 重试间隔
connect_port 80 # 健康检查端口
}
}
# 定义rs2
real_server 192.168.108.162 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 80
}
}
}
# 定义virtual_server (HTTPS | 443)
virtual_server 192.168.108.180 443 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo wlc
lb_kind DR
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.108.161 443 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 443
}
}
real_server 192.168.108.162 443 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 443
}
}
}
配置RS
为了方便起见我自己编写了一个启动脚本，如下：
下载 lvsRealServer.sh
?View Code BASH
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#!/bin/bash
#Description : RealServer Start!
#Write by:Cooper
#Last Modefiy:2009.08.21
VIP=192.168.108.180
LVS_TYPE=DR
startrs()
{
echo "start LVS of REALServer"
if [ "$LVS_TYPE" == "DR" ];then
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up
/sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0
else
/sbin/ifconfig tunl0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $VIP up
/sbin/route add -host $VIP dev tunl0
fi
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
}
stoprs()
{
if [ "$LVS_TYPE" == "DR" ];then
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
echo "close LVS Directorserver"
else
/sbin/ifconfig tunl0 down
echo "close LVS Tunnel server"
fi
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
}
# ============ Main ===========
case $1 in
"start")
startrs;;
"stop")
stoprs;;
"*")
echo "Usage $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
该脚本默认启动LVS/DR模式，通过修改脚本变量可以实现LVS/Tunnel模式的切换。
运行脚本进行RS设置后执行相关的服务
# sh lvsRealServer.sh
# service httpd restart
rs-2执行相同的操作
Master/Backup LVS启动keepalived 服务
# service keepalived start
Backup-LVS 同样执行如上命令启动keepalived
查看Master-LVS上eth0接口在启动keepalived前后变化
启动keepalived之前
# ip add show eth0
6: eth0:mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue
link/ether 00:1d:7d:3d:1c:63 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.108.108/24 brd 192.168.108.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::21d:7dff:fe3d:1c63/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
启动之后
# ip add show eth0
6: eth0:mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue
link/ether 00:1d:7d:3d:1c:63 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.108.108/24 brd 192.168.108.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.108.180/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::21d:7dff:fe3d:1c63/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
查看LVS运行情况
# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP192.168.108.180:443 wlc persistent 50
-> 192.168.108.161:443 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.108.162:443 Route 1 0 0
TCP192.168.108.180:80 wlc persistent 50
-> 192.168.108.161:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.108.162:80 Route 1 0 0
故障测试
RS故障
切换到其中的一台rs上，如192.168.108.161
# service httpd stop
这时查看Master/Backup LVS上的的日志输出
# tail -f /var/log/message
?View Code LOG
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Sep3 11:08:01 experiment Keepalived_healthcheckers: TCP connection to failed !!!
Sep3 11:08:01 experiment Keepalived_healthcheckers: Removing service from VS
Sep3 11:08:01 experiment Keepalived_healthcheckers: Remote SMTP server connected.
Sep3 11:08:01 experiment Keepalived_healthcheckers: TCP connection to failed !!!
Sep3 11:08:01 experiment Keepalived_healthcheckers: Removing service from VS
Sep3 11:08:01 experiment Keepalived_healthcheckers: Remote SMTP server connected.
Sep3 11:08:01 experiment Keepalived_healthcheckers: SMTP alert successfully sent.
# tail -f /var/log/message
?View Code LOG
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Sep3 11:08:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: TCP connection to failed !!!
Sep3 11:08:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Removing service from VS
Sep3 11:08:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Remote SMTP server connected.
Sep3 11:08:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: TCP connection to failed !!!
Sep3 11:08:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Removing service from VS
Sep3 11:08:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Remote SMTP server connected.
Sep3 11:08:03 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: SMTP alert successfully sent.
通过日志可以看出Master与Backup几乎同时感知了RS1服务器已经故障，并且从IPVS中移除故障rs（或者将其权值标记为0也就是不可用）。并且向指定的邮箱发送邮件，Master和Backup都会发送邮件，其邮件标题会根据router_id的值区分出Master和Backup
Master LVS-Router故障
停止Master-LVS的keepalived服务，人为造成故障
# service keepalived stop
这时查看Backup-LVS的log信息
# tail -f /var/log/message
?View Code LOG
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Sep3 11:23:28 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Sep3 11:23:29 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Sep3 11:23:29 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Sep3 11:23:29 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.108.180
Sep3 11:23:29 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.108.180 added
Sep3 11:23:29 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.108.180 added
Sep3 11:23:34 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.108.180
由日志可以看出，Backup-LVS监测到Master-LVS故障后立即将自己的身份切换为Master然后将VIP设置到自己的eth0端口上并发送ARP广播。
现在我手动将Master-LVS的keepalived的服务起来，然后再查看Backup-LVS的log信息
# service keepalived start
# tail -f /var/log/message
?View Code LOG
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Sep3 11:30:44 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
Sep3 11:30:44 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Sep3 11:30:44 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Sep3 11:30:44 localhost Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.108.180 removed
Sep3 11:30:44 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.108.180 removed
由Backup-LVS的日志可以看到，其检测到比自己优先级高的实例后将自己的身份切换成了Backup，然后将VIP从eth0端口移除，并发送心跳给Master-LVS。
piranha与keepalived比较
经过比较得知，piranha的主-备的地位是相同的，也就是说主故障后备就会代替主，经其地位从备切换为主，而当先前的主恢复正常后则先前的主便成了备，其不会主动切换自己的身份为主，当前的备可以检测到先前的主已经恢复但并不会主动将自己的身份修改为备。
而keepalived则是主备分明的，其利用优先级的设置可以严格的制定主备身份。
参考文章
LVS-HOWTO
http://www.keepalived.org/documentation.html
http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-1077-1-1.html
资源下载
Keepalived-UserGuide CN EN
出自：salogs.com
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