keepalived学习笔记
KeepalivedKeepalived 是一种高性能的服务器高可用或热备解决方案,Keepalived可以用来防止服务器单点故障(单点故障是指一旦某一点出现故障就会导致整个系统架构的不可用)的发生,通过配合Nginx可以实现web前端服务的高可用。
Keepalived实现的基础是VRRP协议,Keepalived就是巧用VRRP协议来实现高可用性(HA)的.
VRRP(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)协议是用于实现路由器冗余的协议,VRRP协议将两台或多台路由器设备虚拟成一个设备,对外提供虚拟路由器IP(一个或多个),而在路 由器组内部,如果实际拥有这个对外IP的路由器如果工作正常的话就是MASTER,或者是通过算法选举产生,MASTER实现针对虚拟路由器IP的各种网 络功能,如ARP请求,ICMP,以及数据的转发等;其他设备不拥有该IP,状态是BACKUP,除了接收MASTER的VRRP状态通告信息外,不执行 对外的网络功能。当主机失效时,BACKUP将接管原先MASTER的网络功能。
VRRP协议使用多播数据来传输VRRP数据,VRRP数据使用特殊的虚拟源MAC地址发送数据而不是自身网卡的MAC地址,VRRP运行时只有 MASTER路由器定时发送VRRP通告信息,表示MASTER工作正常以及虚拟路由器IP(组),BACKUP只接收VRRP数据,不发送数据,如果一 定时间内没有接收到MASTER的通告信息,各BACKUP将宣告自己成为MASTER,发送通告信息,重新进行MASTER选举状态。
安装keepalived所依赖的函数库
安装 openssl
yum install openssl*
安装popt
yum install popt*
安装ipvsadm
yum isntall ipvsadm
安装libnl-dev
yum install libnl-dev*
VRRP的优势:
冗余:可以使用多个路由器设备作为LAN客户端的默认网关,大大降低了默认网关成为单点故障的可能性;
负载共享:允许来自LAN客户端的流量由多个路由器设备所共享;
多VRRP组:在一个路由器物理接口上可配置多达255个VRRP组;
多IP地址:基于接口别名在同一个物理接口上配置多个IP地址,从而支持在同一个物理接口上接入多个子网;
抢占:在master故障时允许优先级更高的backup成为master;
通告协议:使用IANA所指定的组播地址224.0.0.18进行VRRP通告;
VRRP追踪:基于接口状态来改变其VRRP优先级来确定最佳的VRRP路由器成为master;
配置keepalived为实现haproxy高可用的配置文件示例:
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
Email@Email.com
}
notification_email_from Username@Email.com
smtp_connect_timeout 3
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script 需要在实例之外定义, 但是这只是定义,执行需要下面的track_script
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"# outside script
interval 1#check every 1 seconds
weight 2#if failed, decrease 2 of the priority
Fall 2 # require 2 failures for failures
Rise 1 #require 1 sucesses for ok
}
vrrp_script chk_mantaince_down {
script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"
interval 1
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
interface eth0
state MASTER# BACKUP for slave routers
priority 101# 100 for BACKUP master’s priority large than BACKUP
virtual_router_id 51need be consistent with BACKUP
garp_master_delay 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass password
}
track_interface {
eth0
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.100.1/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0
}
track_script {# 在实例中定义
chk_haproxy
chk_mantaince_down
}
notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
}
下面是一个notify.sh脚本的简单示例:
#!/bin/bash
# Author: MageEdu
# description: An example of notify script
#
vip=172.16.100.1
contact='root@localhost'
Notify() {
mailsubject="`hostname` to be $1: $vip floating"
mailbody="`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'`: vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1"
echo $mailbody | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact
}
case "$1" in
master)
notify master
/etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy start
exit 0
;;
backup)
notify backup
/etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy restart
exit 0
;;
fault)
notify fault
exit 0
;;
*)
echo 'Usage: `basename $0` {master|backup|fault}'
exit 1
;;
Esac
配置keepalived为实现haproxy高可用的双主模型配置文件示例:
说明:其基本实现思想为创建两个虚拟路由器,并以两个节点互为主从。
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
linuxedu@foxmail.com
mageedu@126.com
}
notification_email_from kanotify@magedu.com
smtp_connect_timeout 3
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 1
weight 2
}
vrrp_script chk_mantaince_down {
script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"
interval 1
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
interface eth0
state MASTER# BACKUP for slave routers
priority 101# 100 for BACKUP
virtual_router_id 51
garp_master_delay 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass password
}
track_interface {
eth0
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.100.1/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy
chk_mantaince_down
}
notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
interface eth0
state BACKUP# BACKUP for slave routers
priority 100# 100 for BACKUP
virtual_router_id 52
garp_master_delay 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass password
}
track_interface {
eth0
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.100.2/16 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy
chk_mantaince_down
}
}
LVS + keepalived的实现:
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
linuxedu@foxmail.com
mageedu@126.com
}
notification_email_from kanotify@magedu.com
smtp_connect_timeout 3
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_schedown {
script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"
interval 2
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
interface eth0
state MASTER
priority 101
virtual_router_id 51
garp_master_delay 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass password
}
track_interface {
eth0
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.100.1/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0
}
track_script {
chk_schedown
}
}
virtual_server 172.16.100.1 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
# sorry_server 192.168.200.200 1358
real_server 172.16.100.11 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 172.16.100.12 80 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /
status_code 200
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
如果要使用TCP_CHECK检测各realserver的健康状态,那么,上面关于realserver部分的定义也可以替换为如下内容:
virtual_server 172.16.100.1 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 300
protocol TCP
sorry_server 127.0.0.1 80
real_server 172.16.100.11 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
tcp_port 80
connect_timeout 3
}
}
real_server 172.16.100.12 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
}
}
}
说明:其中的sorry_server是用于定义所有realserver均出现故障时所用的服务器。
keepalived通知脚本进阶示例:
下面的脚本可以接受选项,其中:
-s, --service SERVICE,...:指定服务脚本名称,当状态切换时可自动启动、重启或关闭此服务;
-a, --address VIP: 指定相关虚拟路由器的VIP地址;
-m, --mode {mm|mb}:指定虚拟路由的模型,mm表示主主,mb表示主备;它们表示相对于同一种服务而方,其VIP的工作类型;
-n, --notify {master|backup|fault}:指定通知的类型,即vrrp角色切换的目标角色;
-h, --help:获取脚本的使用帮助;
#!/bin/bash
# Author: MageEdu
# description: An example of notify script
# Usage: notify.sh -m|--mode {mm|mb} -s|--service SERVICE1,... -a|--address VIP-n|--notify {master|backup|falut} -h|--help
#contact='linuxedu@foxmail.com'
helpflag=0
serviceflag=0
modeflag=0
addressflag=0
notifyflag=0
contact='root@localhost'
Usage() {
echo "Usage: notify.sh [-m|--mode {mm|mb}] [-s|--service SERVICE1,...] "
echo "Usage: notify.sh -h|--help"
}
ParseOptions() {
local I=1;
if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then
while [ $I -le $# ]; do
case $1 in
-s|--service)
[ $# -lt 2 ] && return 3
serviceflag=1
services=(`echo $2|awk -F"," '{for(i=1;i
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