CentOS 6.5上部署Haproxy
环境说明：主机名角色IP地址mylinux1.contoso.com
Haproxy eth0:192.168.100.121
eth1:172.16.100.121
mylinux3.contoso.comssh server(做tcp实验用)eth0:192.168.100.181mylinux4.contoso.comssh server(做tcp实验用)eth1:192.168.100.182 一、环境准备
以下配置基本上是每一次都要提前准备的，所以准备的命令我就不详细列出了，前面有一个一键优化的脚本，可以使用脚本进行自动化的处理，避免多次重复操作的困扰。
# 检查防火墙
# iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
# 检查SELinux
# getenforce
Disabled
# 检查时间同步
# crontab -l
0 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 210.72.145.44 64.147.116.229 time.nist.gov
# 设置yum源
mkdir -p /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.* /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
# 设置主机名
sed -i '/^HOSTNAME/s/^/#/' /etc/sysconfig/network
sed -i '/#HOSTNAME/aHOSTNAME=[主机名]' /etc/sysconfig/network
hostname [主机名] 二、安装Haproxy
# mkdir -p /opt/tools
# cd /opt/tools/
# ll
total 2608
-rw-r--r--1 root root1360582 Sep 30 11:02 haproxy-1.5.18.tar.gz
# tar -zxf haproxy-1.5.18.tar.gz
# cd haproxy-1.5.18
# ls
CHANGELOGCONTRIBUTINGebtree includeMakefileROADMAPSUBVERSVERDATE
contrib doc examplesLICENSEREADME src tests VERSION
# mkdir -p /usr/local/haproxy
# makeTARGET=linux26 ARCH=x86_64 PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy/
# make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy
# cd /usr/local/haproxy/
# tree
├── doc
│ └── haproxy
│ ├── architecture.txt
│ ├── configuration.txt
│ ├── haproxy-en.txt
│ └── haproxy-fr.txt
├── sbin
│ └── haproxy
└── share
└── man
└── man1
└── haproxy.1
6 directories, 6 files 三、修改haproxy相关系统配置
1、生成配置文件
# mkdir -p /usr/local/haproxy/conf
# cp examples/haproxy.cfg /usr/local/haproxy/conf/ 2、开启IPv4转发
# sed -i '/net.ipv4.ip_forward/s/0/1/' /etc/sysctl.conf
# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
fs.file-max = 2097152
fs.nr_open = 2097152
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 81920
3、创建haproxy相关目录
# mkdir -p /usr/local/haproxy/logs
# mkdir -p /usr/local/haproxy/var/{run,chroot} 4、创建haproxy用户
# id haproxy
id: haproxy: No such user
# useradd haproxy -s /sbin/nologin
# id haproxy
uid=606(haproxy) gid=606(haproxy) groups=606(haproxy) 5、配置rsyslog记录haproxy日志
在haproxy.cfg中global区域添加下面一行：
log 127.0.0.1local0warning
然后修改rsyslog配置文件rsyslog.conf:
# echo -e "# Haproxy log setting\nlocal0.*/usr/local/haproxy/logs/haproxy.log\n#End" >>/etc/rsyslog.conf
# tail -3 /etc/rsyslog.conf
# Haproxy log setting
local0.*/usr/local/haproxy/logs/haproxy.log
#End 再修改rsyslog的设置：
# cp /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog.bak$(date +%F)
# vi /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
# tail -2 /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
#SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-c 5"
SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-c 2 -m 0 -r -x"
# diff /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog.bak2016-09-30 /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
5c5,6
< SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-c 5"
---
> #SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-c 5"
> SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-c 2 -m 0 -r -x" 此时，我们发现在CentOS 6.5上使用netstat命令无法显示514端口的监听状态，而使用lsof命令也无法查看端口514上的服务，如下：
# netstat -lntup|grep 514
# lsof -i :514
# 然后还需要修改rsyslog.conf中的一个配置：
# sed -i '/imudp/s/^#//' /etc/rsyslog.conf
# sed -i '/UDPServerRun 514/s/^#//' /etc/rsyslog.conf
# grep imudp /etc/rsyslog.conf
$ModLoad imudp
# grep UDPServerRun /etc/rsyslog.conf
$UDPServerRun 514 最后重启rsyslog服务：
# /etc/init.d/rsyslog restart
Shutting down system logger:
Starting system logger: 再次尝试去看一下514端口的监听状态和服务：
# lsof -i :514
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
rsyslogd 2436 root 3uIPv424957 0t0UDP *:syslog
rsyslogd 2436 root 4uIPv624958 0t0UDP *:syslog
# netstat -tunlp|grep 514
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:514 0.0.0.0:* 2436/rsyslogd
udp 0 0 :::514 :::* 2436/rsyslogd 四、编辑haproxy配置文件
下面给出基于tcp的haproxy代理的配置文件内容：
# cat haproxy.cfg
# this config needs haproxy-1.1.28 or haproxy-1.2.1
global
log 127.0.0.1local0 #日志将记录在本机，通过local0设备输出
log 127.0.0.1:514local0warning#定义haproxy日志级别，这里是warning
pidfile /usr/local/haproxy/var/run/haproxy.pid#定义PID文件位置
daemon #以守护进程（后台）方式运行
maxconn 20480 #默认的最大连接数，不能超过ulimit -n限制
chroot /usr/local/haproxy/var/chroot#设置chroot的运行路径，是一种安全策略
user haproxy #运行haproxy的用户
group haproxy#运行haproxy用户的组
spread-checks 3
nbproc 1 #设置进程数量
defaults
logglobal
retries3 #3次连接失败就认为是服务器不可用，也可以通过后面设置
optionredispatch #当serverId对应的服务器挂掉后，强制定向到其他健康的服务器
maxconn2000 #默认的最大连接数
timeout connect 5000 #连接超时时长，单位为ms
timeout client50000#客户端超时时长
timeoutserver 50000#服务器超时时长
listenssh
bind172.16.100.121:80 #绑定的IP和端口
modetcp #haproxy工作在http的7层模式中的哪一层，这里是tcp
balanceroundrobin #轮询
timeoutserver15s
timeoutconnect 30s
servermylinux3192.168.100.181:22 check port 22#后端服务器信息，IP和端口，还有检查端口
servermylinux4192.168.100,182:22 check port 22 五、启动haproxy并测试
1、启动haproxy
使用以下命令测试haproxy的配置文件是否可用：
# /usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f haproxy.cfg -c
Configuration file is valid 然后使用如下命令启动haproxy：
# /usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f haproxy.cfg -D 可以通过下面的方法检查haproxy是否启动：
# ps -ef|grep haproxy
haproxy 1550 10 18:25 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f haproxy.cfg -D
root 1553 10150 18:26 pts/1 00:00:00 grep haproxy
# lsof -i :80
COMMANDPID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
haproxy 1550 haproxy 4uIPv412088 0t0TCP 172.16.100.121:http (LISTEN) 2、测试haproxy代理ssh
上面的配置文件中，使用haproxy的eth1的地址172.16.100.121的80端口来代理后端mylinux3和mylinux4上的22端口，也就是ssh服务，这样只要客户端使用ssh 172.16.100.121的80端口就可以远程访问后端两台服务器的ssh服务了，下面来测试一下是否如预想的那样。
# ssh -p80 172.16.100.121
The authenticity of host ':80 (:80)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is ea:b0:45:d6:fa:48:60:41:a9:e4:f7:30:b9:ed:16:a4.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ':80' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@172.16.100.121's password:
Last login: Fri Sep 30 12:42:12 2016 from 192.168.100.1
# hostname
mylinux4.contoso.com
# ip a|grep 192.168.100
inet 192.168.100.182/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global eth0 好的，成功的通过haproxy代理远程到了mylinux4这一台主机上。
再进行第二次测试之前，需要先清空known_hosts中的内容，不然会提示加密私钥改变，使用下面的命令处理一下：
# >/root/.ssh/known_hosts 然后再次ssh 172.16.100.121的80端口，结果如下：
# ssh -p80 172.16.100.121
The authenticity of host ':80 (:80)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 99:05:e5:e4:d3:78:bd:cf:94:e9:80:36:b5:5d:cc:11.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ':80' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@172.16.100.121's password:
Last login: Fri Sep 30 18:29:10 2016 from 192.168.100.121
# hostname
mylinux3.contoso.com
# ip a |grep 192.168.100
inet 192.168.100.181/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global eth0 这次成功的远程到了mylinux3这台主机上，说明haproxy代理tcp服务成功。
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