wangwengwu 发表于 2019-1-4 12:24:27

LVS负载均衡集群搭建

  

  环境:RHEL6-x86-64
  主要软件
  MySQL-5.6.14
  httpd-2.4
  php-5.4.13
  

  如下图:外网用户请求到达负载调度器,根据调度算法挑选一个Real Server(后简称RS)响应,并且使用PPC(持久端口连接),将同一客户端对同一集群服务的请求始终定向至此前选定的RS。
  定向到同一个RS有什么用呢?例如:访问一个电商网站,RS1响应。刷新一下网页页面,可能被定向到RS2,这样就会要求用户重新登陆,很麻烦,通过持久连接就可以解决这种问题。
  还有一个问题,如何保证无论通过RS1还是RS2访问的页面都是一样的?需要实时保证web页面数据相同。这里采用inotify+sersync同步两个RS中的DocumentRoot数据,实时保持一致,也可以采用inotify+rsync解决,建议sersync解决。
  用户访问页面可以使用http协议,但付款时为保证用户信息安全,需要用到https协议,这时使用PPC就不行了。要采用PNMPP(持久防火墙标记连接)将80端口和443端口绑定到一起。这样无论通过http还是https访问,都被定向到同一个RS。
  

  这里使用LVS的IP负载均衡技术,它由IPVS模块实现,IPVS安装在Director Server(简称DS)上,在DS(这里是192.168.1.3)上虚拟一个IP(Virtual IP 简称VIP,这里是192.168.1.4),用户通过这个虚拟出来的IP访问服务器。这样用户请求通过VIP到达DS,然后DS从RS列表挑选一个RS响应。
  挑选的RS如何响应用户请求呢?有三种方式VS/NAT,VS/TUN,VS/DR,这里使用VS/DR方式。
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/6B/DC/wKiom1U4dbLwCQ-_AADjyABtKIs322.jpg

  

DS 192.168.1.3VIP 192.168.1.4 配置在网卡eth0别名eth0:0
RS1 192.168.1.5VIP 192.168.1.4配置在本地环回lo 别名 lo:0
RS2 192.168.1.6VIP 192.168.1.4配置在本地环回lo 别名 lo:0
mysql 192.168.1.7
DNS 192.168.1.8


RS1上安装LAP,RS2安装LAP,mysql服务器安装在192.168.1.7上。
DNS服务器搭建在192.168.1.8上。



  

  

  

  首先搭建MySQL:

  进192.168.1.7
  

  此处用二进制免编译包
# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
# useradd -g 306 -r -u 306 mysql
# tar xfmysql-5.6.14-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/usr/local/mysql
# cd /usr/local/mysql  

  MySQL数据最好保存在单独分区的一个逻辑卷上,挂载至/mydata下,后在mydata目录下创建data目录,用于存放mysql数据。
  磁盘分区略去,分区后如下:
# fdisk /dev/sdb   
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   IdSystem
   /dev/sdb1            1      2610    20964793+8eLinux LVM  逻辑卷创建:
# partprobe /dev/sdb1
   # pvcreate /dev/sdb1
   # vgcreate myvg /dev/sdb1
   # lvcreate -n mydata -L 5G myvg
   # mkfs.ext4/dev/myvg/mydata  

  挂载
# mkdir /mydata
   # echo "/dev/myvg/mydata/mydata ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
   # mount -a  

  创建MySQL数据目录
# mkdir /mydata/data
   # chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data  MySQL初始化:
# cd /usr/local/mysql
   # scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
   # chown -R root /usr/local/mysql/*  提供SysV风格服务脚本
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  

  提供MySQL配置文件
# cp my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
   # vim /etc/my.cnf
    basedir = /usr/local/mysql
    datadir = /mydata/data
    port = 3306
    sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock  编辑/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin  

  编辑/etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib  # su
  man帮助文档,编辑/etc/man.config
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man  

  头文件
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql# service mysqld start
# chkconfig --add mysqld# mysql
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('xiaoming') WHERE USER='root';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'xiaoming';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;  

  DNS搭建

  进192.168.1.8
  

   # yum -y install bind bind-utils  

  配置/etc/named.conf文件
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options {
      directory       "/var/named";
      recursion yes;
};

zone "." IN {
      type hint;
      file "named.ca";
};
logging {
      channel query_log {
                file "/var/log/named/bind_query.log" versions 3;
                severity dynamic;
                print-category yes;
                print-time yes;
                print-severity yes;
      };
      category queries { query_log; };
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";  

  配置/etc/named.rfc1912.zones文件
// named.rfc1912.zones:
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
//
// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
// and http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsop-default-local-zones-02.txt
// (c)2007 R W Franks
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
zone "localhost.localdomain" IN {
      type master;
      file "named.localhost";
      allow-update { none; };
};
zone "localhost" IN {
      type master;
      file "named.localhost";
      allow-update { none; };
};
zone "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
      type master;
      file "named.loopback";
      allow-update { none; };
};
zone "1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
      type master;
      file "named.loopback";
      allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
      type master;
      file "named.empty";
      allow-update { none; };
};
zone "mingxiao.info" IN {
      type master;
      file "mingxiao.info.zone";
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
      type master;
      file "192.168.1.zone";
};  

  # cd /var/named
  配置mingxiao.info.zone
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns.mingxiao.info admin.mingxiao.info. (
      2015041211
      2H
      10M
      3D
      1D )
      IN NS ns
ns IN A 192.168.1.8
www IN A 192.168.1.4  

  配置192.168.1.zone
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns.mingxiao.info admin.mingxiao.info. (
      2015041211
      2H
      10M
      3D
      1D )
      IN NS ns.mingxiao.info.
8   IN PTR ns.mingxiao.info.
4   IN PTR www.mingxiao.info.# chown root:named mingxiao.info.zone 192.168.1.zone
# chmod 640 mingxiao.info.zone 192.168.1.zone  

  各主机中/etc/resolv.conf配置,DNS都指向192.168.1.8主机
  nameserver 192.168.1.8
#service named start  

  LAP搭建
  进192.168.1.5
  
  安装Apache
  

  1,安装apr   
# cd /usr/local
    # tar xf apr-1.5.1.tar.bz2
    # cd apr-1.5.1
    # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
    # make
    # make install  

  2,安装apr-util
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
    # make
    # make install  

  3,安装httpd
# tar xf httpd-2.4.10.tar.bz2   
# cd httpd-2.4.10  

# ./configure \
      --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
      --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd \
      --enable-so \
      --enable-rewrite \
      --enable-ssl   \
      --enable-cgi \
      --enable-cgid \
      --enable-modules=most \
      --enable-mods-shared=most \
      --enable-mpms-shared=all \
      --with-mpm=event \
      --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
      --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util \出现错误:
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required anavailabl from
解决办法:
# yum install -y pcre-devel   
# make   
# make install编辑/etc/httpd/httpd.conf,加入
      PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid"  

  提供SysV风格的启动脚本:/etc/init.d/httpd
#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd      Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server.It is used to serve \
#       HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
      . /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi
# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""
# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
start() {
      echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
      LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
      RETVAL=$?
      echo
      [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
      return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
      RETVAL=$?
      echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
      failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
    else
      killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
      RETVAL=$?
    fi
    echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
      status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart)
if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
stop
start
fi
;;
reload)
      reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL  

# chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd      
   # chkconfig --add httpd  

  编辑/etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
    PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
#service httpd start  

  
  安装php
# cd php-5.4.13
    # ./configure \
      --prefix=/usr/local/php \
      --with-mysql=mysqlnd \
      --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
      --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
      --with-openssl \
      --enable-mbstring \
      --with-freetype-dir \
      --with-jpeg-dir \
      --with-png-dir \
      --with-zlib \
      --with-libxml-dir=/usr \
      --enable-xml \
      --enable-sockets \
      --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs \
      --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc \
      --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d \
      --with-bz2 --enable-maintainer-zts \出现错误:
    configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.
    解决办法:
      #yum -y install libmcrypt-devel mhash-devel
    # make
    # make install  

  提供php配置文件
cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini  

  /etc/httpd/httpd.conf配置文件
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
    AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
    注释掉
    #/DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"
    取消注释
    Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf  

  /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf配置

    DocumentRoot "/www/mingxiao"
   
      Options none
      AllowOverride none
      Require all granted
   
    ServerName www.mingxiao.info
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/mingxiao.info_error.log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/mingxiao.info_access.log" combined
# mkdir -pv /www/mingxiao
# mkdir /var/log/httpd
# service httpd restart  
进192.168.1.6
  安装LAP,操作步骤同192.168.1.5。

  

  192.168.1.5和192.168.1.6安装完LAP以后,在192.168.1.5主机安装Discuz论坛
# unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
# cd upload/
# cp -R ./* /www/mingxiao  

  

  接下来想要保持192.168.1.5和192.168.1.6中DocumentRoot数据相同
  这里采用inotify+sersync解决。
  

  进192.168.1.5
  安装sersync和inotify
# yum install inotify-tools
# tar xf sersync2.5.4_64bit_binary_stable_final.tar.gz -C /usr/local/sersync
# cd /usr/local/sersync  

  编辑confxml.xml

   
.......

      
            
      
      
            
            
            
      
      
      
.......  

  编辑 /etc/rsync.pass,添加以下内容
xiaoming#chmod 600 /etc/rsync.pass  

  进192.168.1.6
# useradd xiaoming
# echo xiaoming | passwd --stdin xiaoming  

  为rsync提供配置文件,编辑/etc/rsyncd.conf
uid=nobody
gid=nobody
use chroot = no
max connections =10
strict modes = yes
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log

path = /www/mingxiao
comment = xiaoming file
ignore errors
read only = no
write only = no
host allow = 192.168.1.5
list = false
uid = root
gid = root
auth user = xiaoming
secrets file = /etc/server.pass  

  编辑/etc/server.pass
xiaoming# chmod 600 /etc/server.pass#chkconfig rsync on
# service xinetd start  

进Director 192.168.1.3
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
# ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.1.4
# route add –host 192.168.1.4 dev eth0:0  

  进RS1 192.168.1.5
# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.1.4 broadcast 192.168.1.4 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
# route add –host 192.168.1.4 dev lo:0
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_ignore
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
# echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_announce
# echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce  

  进RS1 192.168.1.6
# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.1.4 broadcast 192.1.4 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
# route add –host 192.168.1.4 dev lo:0
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_ignore
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
# echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_announce
# echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce  

  进Director 192.168.1.3
Ipvsadm –A –t 192.168.1.4:80-s rr
Ipvsadm –a –t 192.168.1.4:80 –r 192.168.1.5–g –w 2
Ipvsadm –a –t 192.168.1.4:80 –r 192.168.1.6–g –w 1  

  

  进192.168.1.5

#/usr/local/sersync/sersync2 -r -o /usr/local/sersync/confxml.xml -n 5 -d  可以看到192.168.1.5和192.168.1.6的DoucumentRoot文件已经同步,保持了一致。
  

  通过浏览器访问www.mingxiao.info轮流定向到192.168.1.5和192.168.1.6这两个RS上。
  

  

  接下来配置使用https
  模拟192.168.1.8为证书颁发机构,

  进192.168.1.8
#cd /etc/pki/CA  

  生成私钥
#(umask 077; openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)  

  编辑 /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
[ CA_default ]
dir             = /etc/pki/CA         # Where everything is kept
certs         = $dir/certs            # Where the issued certs are kept
crl_dir         = $dir/crl            # Where the issued crl are kept
database      = $dir/index.txt      # database index file.
#unique_subject = no                  # Set to 'no' to allow creation of
                                        # several ctificates with same subject.
new_certs_dir   = $dir/newcerts         # default place for new certs.
certificate   = $dir/cacert.pem       # The CA certificate
serial          = $dir/serial         # The current serial number
crlnumber       = $dir/crlnumber      # the current crl number
                                        # must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl             = $dir/crl.pem          # The current CRL
private_key   = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key
RANDFILE      = $dir/private/.rand
[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName                     = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default             = CN
stateOrProvinceName             = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default   = HeNan
localityName                  = Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default    = AnYang
0.organizationName            = Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default      = XiaoMing
organizationalUnitName          = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
organizationalUnitName_default= Tech  

  生成自签证书
# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3655  这里会让输入一些有关证书的信息,如国家,省份等,以刚才在openssl.cnf配置中填写的默认选项,直接敲回车即可,下两项随意写了。
Common name :ca.mingxiao.info
Email Address :   ca@mingxiao.info# touch index.txt
# touch serial
# echo 01 > serial  

  

  进192.168.1.5
  生成证书颁发请求,然后到192.168.1.8签署证书。
  

  复制192.168.1.8上的配置文件,省去重复配置
# scp 192.168.1.109:/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf# mkdir /etc/httpd/ssl
# cd /etc/httpd/ssl# (umask 077; openssl genrsa 2048 > httpd.key)# openssl req -new -key httpd.key -outhttpd.csr
Common name www.mingxiao.info   这一项最关键,必须是httpd中ServerName的名字,否则会有错。
Email Address xiaoming@mingxiao.info  
  准备签证,将签证请求文件复制到有签证权利的那台机器
# scp httpd.csr 192.168.1.8:/tmp  

  

  进192.168.1.8
  进行签证:
# openssl ca -in /tmp/httpd.csr -out /tmp/httpd.crt -days 3655  

  进192.168.1.5
  将证书复制过来
scp 192.168.1.109:/tmp/httpd.crt /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt  

  编辑/etc/httpd/httpd.conf
  取消下几项注释
LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf  

  编辑/etc/httpd/extra/httpd-ssl.conf

    ServerName www.mingxiao.info
    DocumentRoot "/www/mingxiao"
      
            Options none
            AllowOverride none
            Require all granted
      
    ErrorLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log"
    TransferLog "/usr/local/apache/logs/access_log"
...........
#   SSL Engine Switch:
#   Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host.
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateKeyFile "/etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key"
SSLCertificateFile "/etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt"  

  

  

  在192.168.1.16上可以直接用192.168.1.5的证书,因此
  进入192.168.1.108
# mkdir -pv /etc/httpd/ssl
# scp -r 192.168.1.5:/etc/httpd/ssl/ /etc/httpd/  直接使用192.168.1.5的httpd配置文件
# scp 192.168.1.5:/etc/httpd/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
# scp 192.168.1.5:/etc/httpd/extar/httpd-ssl.conf /etc/httpd/extar/httpd-ssl.conf  

  证书签署完毕。
  

  

  

  进192.168.1.3
  接下来使用PNMPP,使用持久防火墙标记连接,将80端口和443端口绑定到一起
# ipvsadm -C
# iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.1.4 -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 8
# iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.1.4 -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 443 -j MARK --set-mark 8
# ipvsadm -A -f 8 -s rr -p 600
# ipvsadm -a -f 8 -r 192.168.1.5 -g -w 1
# ipvsadm -a -f 8 -r 192.168.1.6 -g -w 2  

  进192.168.1.5
# service httpd restart  进192.168.1.6
# service httpd restart  

  一切大工告成,然后将证书拷到windowns主机一份,安装证书。
  浏览器输入http://www.mingxiao.info   https://www.mingxiao.info 访问即可。
# ipvsadm -L -n -c
IPVS connection entries
pro expire state             source          virtual         destination
TCP 01:47FIN_WAIT    192.168.1.105:55683 192.168.1.4:443    192.168.1.6:443
TCP 01:47FIN_WAIT    192.168.1.105:55685 192.168.1.4:443    192.168.1.6:443
TCP 01:33FIN_WAIT    192.168.1.105:55654 192.168.1.4:443    192.168.1.6:443
TCP 00:51FIN_WAIT    192.168.1.105:55518 192.168.1.4:80   192.168.1.6:80
TCP 01:33FIN_WAIT    192.168.1.105:55647 192.168.1.4:443    192.168.1.6:443
TCP 00:07CLOSE       192.168.1.128:1320 192.168.1.4:80   192.168.1.5:80
TCP 00:07CLOSE       192.168.1.128:1321 192.168.1.4:80   192.168.1.5:80
TCP 00:07CLOSE       192.168.1.128:1323 192.168.1.4:80   192.168.1.5:80
TCP 00:07CLOSE       192.168.1.128:1317 192.168.1.4:80   192.168.1.5:80
TCP 00:07CLOSE       192.168.1.128:1319 192.168.1.4:80   192.168.1.5:80
TCP 00:07CLOSE       192.168.1.128:1322 192.168.1.4:80   192.168.1.5:80  可以看到同一主机不论是通过http还是https访问都被定向到同一RS。不同主机访问被定向到不同RS。



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