DRBD+heartbeat 解决nfs单点故障
1.1 环境准备1.1.1 添加新磁盘，分区并格式化
fdisk -uc /dev/sdb
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1bs=1M count=1
1.1.2 在hosts文件中添加以下记录
cat /etc/host
172.16.1.111 test01
172.16.1.112 test02
172.16.1.113 web
1.1.3 关闭selinux和iptables
setenforce 0
/etc/init.d/iptables stop
1.1.4 测试约定
主机名，系统版本及内核版本：
# uname -nr
test01 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
# uname -nr
test02 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
# uname -nr
web 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)测试IP：
test01 172.16.1.111
test02 172.16.1.112
web 172.16.1.113
虚拟IP 172.16.1.100
1.2 DRBD的安装
1.2.1 配置DRBD
默认官方源中没有drbd软件，所以使用elrepo源
# rpm --importhttps://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
# rpm -Uvhhttp://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-6.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-6.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm
Preparing... ###########################################
1:elrepo-release ###########################################
# yum installdrbd84-utils kmod-drbd84 -y
# modprobe drbd
# lsmod|grepdrbd
drbd 3659310
libcrc32c 12461 drbd
编辑配置文件
# vim/etc/drbd.conf
# You can find an examplein/usr/share/doc/drbd.../drbd.conf.example
#include"drbd.d/*.res";
global{
usage-count no;
}
common{
syncer{
rate 200M;
}
}
resource r1 {
protocol C;
startup{
wfc-timeout 120;
degr-wfc-timeout 120;
}
disk {
on-io-error detach;
}
net {
timeout 60;
connect-int 10;
ping-int 10;
max-buffers 2048;
max-epoch-size 2048;
cram-hmac-alg"sha1";
shared-secret"Mysql-abcD";
}
on test01 {
device /dev/drbd0;
disk /dev/sdb1;
address 172.16.1.31:6666;
meta-disk internal;
}
on test02 {
device /dev/drbd0;
disk /dev/sdb1;
address 172.16.1.41:6666;
meta-disk internal;
}
}
1.2.3 初始化设备
# drbdadmcreate-md r1
initializing activity log
NOT initializing bitmap
Writing meta data...
New drbd meta data blocksuccessfully created.
# drbdadm up r1
# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash:833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70 build by phil@Build64R6, 2015-04-0914:35:00
0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondaryds:Inconsistent/Inconsistent C r-----
ns:0 nr:0 dw:0 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:5241660
现在两个节点都处于Secondary状态
将test01手动提升至primary。并将/dev/drbd0进行格式化以供挂在使用
# drbdadmprimary --force r1
# cat/proc/drbd
version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70build by root@test01, 2015-12-07 10:40:31
0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondaryds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:1047484 nr:0 dw:0 dr:1048148 al:0 bm:0lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0
1.2.4 格式化虚拟分区
# mkfs.ext4/dev/drbd0
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
..
...
Writing superblocks andfilesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will beautomatically checked every 33 mounts or
180 days, whichever comesfirst.Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
# tune2fs -c -1/dev/drbd0
tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Setting maximal mount count to-1
1.2.5 挂载测试
# mkdir /data
# mount -t ext4/dev/drbd0 /data
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.4G 1.5G7.4G17% /
tmpfs 495M 0495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M36M145M20% /boot
/dev/drbd0 991M 1.3M939M 1% /data
# touch/data/drbd.test
# ls /data/
drbd.test lost+found
手动切换连个节点状态，并进行挂载测试
# umount /data
# drbdadmsecondary r1
# cat/proc/drbd
version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash:833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70 build by root@test01, 2015-12-0710:40:31
0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondaryds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:1080828 nr:0 dw:33344 dr:1048921 al:10bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0
将test01手动提升至primary。并将/dev/drbd0进行格式化以供挂在使用
# drbdadm primary r1
# cat /proc/drbd
version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash:833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70 build by root@test02, 2015-12-0710:40:31
0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondaryds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:0 nr:1080828 dw:1080828 dr:664 al:0 bm:0lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0
# mkdir /data
# mount -t ext4/dev/drbd0 /data
# ls /data/
drbd.test lost+found
# umount /data
# drbdadmsecondary r1 现在drbd两个节点已经配置成功，并手动测试成功。drbd的两个节点，同时时间只有primary状态的节点提供服务。
1.3 配置nfs服务
test01 test02 web配置nfs的共享目录为/data ，test01 test02同时/dev/drbd0的挂载目录也是/data
1.3.1 将test01 drbd状态提升为primary并将/dev/drbd0挂载至/data,编辑/etc/exports文件，并本地测试。
# cat/proc/drbd
version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash: 833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70build by root@test01, 2015-12-07 10:40:31
0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondaryds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:1080828 nr:8 dw:33352 dr:1048921 al:10bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0
# drbdadmprimary r1
# mount -t ext4/dev/drbd0 /data
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.4G 1.5G7.4G17% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M36M145M20% /boot
/dev/drbd0 991M 1.3M939M 1% /data
# cat/etc/exports
/data172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash)
#/etc/init.d/rpcbind start
#/etc/init.d/nfs start
# chown -R nfsnobody.nfsnobody/data
# showmount -e172.16.1.111
Export list for 172.16.1.111:
/data 172.16.1.0/24
# mount -t nfs172.16.1.111:/data /mnt
# ls /mnt
drbd.test lost+found
# touch/mnt/test01.test
# ls /mnt
drbd.test lost+foundtest01.test
1.3.2 将test01状态降为secondary，将test02状态提升为primary，并将/dev/drbd0挂载至/data，编辑/etc/exports文件，并本地测试
# umount /mnt
#/etc/init.d/nfs stop
# umount /data
# drbdadmsecondary r1
# cat/proc/drbd
version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash:833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70 build by root@test01, 2015-12-0710:40:31
0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondaryds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:1080952 nr:8 dw:33476 dr:1049979 al:10bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0
# drbdadm primary r1
# mount -t ext4/dev/drbd0 /data
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.4G 1.5G7.4G17% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M36M145M20% /boot
/dev/drbd0 991M 1.3M939M 1% /data
# cat/etc/exports
/data172.1.6.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash)
#/etc/init.d/rpcbind start
#/etc/init.d/nfs start
# chown -Rnfsnobody.nfsnobody /data
# showmount -e172.16.1.112
Export list for 172.16.1.112:
/data 172.16.1.0/24
# mount -t nfs172.16.1.112:/data /mnt
# ls /mnt
drbd.test lost+foundtest01.test
# touch/mnt/test02.test
# ls /mnt
drbd.test lost+foundtest01.testtest02.test
# umount /mnt
#/etc/init.d/nfs stop
# umount /data
# drbdadmsecondary r1
version: 8.4.6(api:1/proto:86-101)
GIT-hash:833d830e0152d1e457fa7856e71e11248ccf3f70 build by root@test02, 2015-12-0710:40:31
0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Secondaryds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----
ns:124 nr:1080952 dw:1081076 dr:1726 al:2bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0 至此：drbd nfs手动挂载测试成功
1.4 配置heartbeat
配置heartbeat以达到nfs主节点失效自动将所有资源切换到备用节点
1.4.1 两台nfs服务器上安装heartbeat
添加epel扩展源。官方yum源没有heartbeat
yum -y install epel-release
yum install heartbeat -y
1.4.2 将两台服务器默认配置文件拷贝到/etc/ha.d/并做更改
# rpm -qdheartbeat|grep doc
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/COPYING.LGPL
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/README
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/apphbd.cf
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/authkeys
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/ha.cf
/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/haresources
# cp/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/authkeys /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/ha.cf/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/haresources /etc/ha.d/
# egrep -v"#|^$" /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
logfile /var/log/ha-log
logfacility local0
keepalive 2
deadtime 30
warntime 10
initdead 60
mcast eth0 225.0.0.1 694 1 0
auto_failback on
node test01
node test02
# egrep -v"#|^$" /etc/ha.d/authkeys
auth 1
1 sha1 liyanan
# chmod600/etc/ha.d/authkeys
# ll/etc/ha.d/authkeys
-rw------- 1 root root 647 12月7 15:13 /etc/ha.d/authkeys
#echo " test01drbddisk::r1 Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::ext4 nfsIPaddr::172.16.1.100/24/eth1
" >>/etc/ha.d/haresources
将附件的脚本加入到/etc/ha.d/resource.d/ 下并赋予可执行权限。
1.4.3 启动两台服务器heartbeat
#/etc/init.d/heartbeat start
#/etc/init.d/heartbeat status
heartbeat OK is running on test01 ...
1.4.4 测试heartbeat
全部启动heartbeat服务
#/etc/init.d/heartbeat status
heartbeat OK is running on test01 ...
#/etc/init.d/heartbeat status
heartbeat OK is running on test02 ... 检查test01挂载
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G7.3G18% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M36M145M20% /boot
/dev/drbd0 991M 1.3M939M 1% /data
检查test02挂载
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G7.3G18% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M36M145M20% /boot
关闭test01的heartbeat服务后再检查挂载
#/etc/init.d/heartbeat stop
Stopping High-Availabilityservices: Done.
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G7.3G18% /
tmpfs 495M 0495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M36M145M20% /boot
再次检查test02挂载
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G7.3G18% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M36M145M20% /boot
/dev/drbd0 991M 1.3M939M 1% /data 再次启动test01的heartbeat服务，并检查挂载
#/etc/init.d/heartbeat start
Starting High-Availabilityservices: Done.
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G7.3G18% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M36M145M20% /boot
/dev/drbd0 991M 1.3M939M 1% /data
再次检查test02挂载
# df -h
Filesystem SizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.4G 1.6G7.3G18% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M36M145M20% /boot
经过循环测试，证明heartbeat服务已经成功接管drbd nfs VIP服务
可通过VIP向外部提供nfs挂载解决nfs单点故障。
终极测试，循环写入数据测试丢包率
测试方式：由test01为主，提供nfs服务、test02为备，接管nfs服务。web挂载test01提供的nfs共享目录。通过间隔 1S 连续在web的挂载点上写入数据，期间手动关闭test01的heartbeat服务，造成意外宕机的实验效果，等脚本执行完毕后，在web端查看写入的数据，以便检测丢包率。
检查挂载情况及虚拟IP
# df -h
Filesystem SizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.4G1.6G7.4G18% /
tmpfs 242M 0242M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 36M145M20% /boot
/dev/drbd0 4.8G 11M4.6G 1% /data
# ip add |grep 172.16
inet 172.16.1.111/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global eth1
inet 172.16.1.100/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global secondary eth1
# df -h
Filesystem SizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.4G1.6G7.4G18% /
tmpfs 242M 0242M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 36M145M20% /boot
# ip add |grep 172.16
inet 172.16.1.112/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global eth1
# df -h
Filesystem SizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.4G2.1G6.9G24% /
tmpfs 242M 0242M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 36M145M20% /boot
172.16.1.100:/data4.8G 11M4.6G 1% /data/www/ 测试脚本：
for ((n=1;n
页:
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