zookeeper@alibaba学习记录(一)
前段时间看了S4流计算引擎,里面使用到了zookeeper进行集群管理,所以也就花了点时间研究了下zookeeper,不求看懂所有源码,但求了解其实现机制和原理,清楚其基本使用。这也是为后续hadoop,gridgain的分布式计算的产品。学习
首先就是收集一些前人的一些学习资料和总结内容,方便自己快速入门。
这里罗列了几篇不错的文章:
[*] http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/opensource/os-cn-zookeeper/ (介绍了zookeeper能用来干嘛)
[*] http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/r3.3.2/zookeeperOver.html(官方文档,大致介绍zookeeper)
看了这两篇文章,基本可以对zookeeper有了一个感性的认识,它是一个什么? zookeeper功能点:
[*] 统一命名空间(Name Service)
[*] 配置推送 (Watch)
[*] 集群管理(Group membership)
统一命名空间
在zookeeper中实现了一个类似file system系统的数据结构,比如/zookeeper/status。 每个节点都对应于一个znode节点。
znode节点的数据结构模型:
znode的数据结构内容:
[*] czxid
The zxid of the change that caused this znode to be created.
[*] mzxid
The zxid of the change that last modified this znode.
[*] ctime
The time in milliseconds from epoch when this znode was created.
[*] mtime
The time in milliseconds from epoch when this znode was last modified.
[*] version
The number of changes to the data of this znode.
[*] cversion
The number of changes to the children of this znode.
[*] aversion
The number of changes to the ACL of this znode.
[*] ephemeralOwner
The session>
[*] dataLength
The length of the data field of this znode.
[*] numChildren
The number of children of this znode.
说明: zxid (ZooKeeper Transaction> 针对树状结构的处理,来看一下客户端使用的api :
Java代码
[*] String create(String path, byte data[], List acl, CreateMode createMode)
[*] void create(String path, byte data[], List acl, CreateMode createMode, StringCallback cb, Object ctx)
[*]
[*] void delete(String path, int version)
[*] void delete(String path, int version, VoidCallback cb, Object ctx)
[*]
[*] Stat setData(String path, byte data[], int version)
[*] void setData(String path, byte data[], int version, StatCallback cb, Object ctx)
[*]
[*] Stat setACL(String path, List acl, int version)
[*] void setACL(String path, List acl, int version, StatCallback cb, Object ctx)
[*]
[*] Stat exists(String path, Watcher watcher)
[*] Stat exists(String path, boolean watch)
[*] void exists(String path, Watcher watcher, StatCallback cb, Object ctx)
[*] void exists(String path, boolean watch, StatCallback cb, Object ctx)
[*]
[*] byte[] getData(String path, Watcher watcher, Stat stat)
[*] byte[] getData(String path, boolean watch, Stat stat)
[*] void getData(String path, Watcher watcher, DataCallback cb, Object ctx)
[*] void getData(String path, boolean watch, DataCallback cb, Object ctx)
[*]
[*] List getChildren(String path, Watcher watcher)
[*] List getChildren(String path, boolean watch)
[*] voidgetChildren(String path, Watcher watcher, ChildrenCallback cb, Object ctx)
[*] voidgetChildren(String path, boolean watch, ChildrenCallback cb, Object ctx)
[*]
[*] List getChildren(String path, Watcher watcher, Stat stat)
[*] List getChildren(String path, boolean watch, Stat stat)
[*] void getChildren(String path, Watcher watcher, Children2Callback cb, Object ctx)
[*] void getChildren(String path, boolean watch, Children2Callback cb, Object ctx)
说明:每一种按同步还是异步,添加指定watcher还是默认watcher又分为4种。默认watcher可以在ZooKeeper zk = new ZooKeeper(serverList, sessionTimeout, watcher)中进行指定。如果包含boolean watch的读方法传入true则将默认watcher注册为所关注事件的watch。如果传入false则不注册任何watch
CreateMode主要有几种:
[*] PERSISTENT (持续的,相比于EPHEMERAL,不会随着client session的close/expire而消失)
[*] PERSISTENT_SEQUENTIAL
[*] EPHEMERAL (短暂的,生命周期依赖于client session,对应session close/expire后其znode也会消失)
[*] EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL(SEQUENTIAL意为顺序的)
AsyncCallback异步callback,根据操作类型的不同,也分几类:
[*] StringCallback
[*] VoidCallback
[*] StatCallback
[*] DataCallback(getData请求)
[*] ChildrenCallback
[*] Children2Callback
对应的ACL这里有篇不错的文章介绍,http://rdc.taobao.com/team/jm/archives/947
配置推送(Watcher)
zookeeper为解决数据的一致性,使用了Watcher的异步回调接口,将服务端znode的变化以事件的形式通知给客户端,主要是一种反向推送的机制,让客户端可以做出及时响应。比如及时更新后端的可用集群服务列表。
这里有篇文章介绍Watcher/Callback比较详细,可以参考下:
[*] http://luzengyi.blog.163.com/blog/static/529188201064113744373/
[*] http://luzengyi.blog.163.com/blog/static/529188201061155444869/
如果想更好的理解Watcher的使用场景,可以了解下使用Watcher机制实现分布式的Barrier , Queue , Lock同步。
Barrier例子:
Java代码
[*] publicclass Barrier implements Watcher {
[*]
[*] privatestaticfinal String addr = "10.20.156.49:2181";
[*] private ZooKeeper zk = null;
[*] private Integer mutex;
[*]
privateint >
[*] private String root;
[*]
[*]
public Barrier(String root, int>
[*] this.root = root;
[*]
this.size =>
[*]
[*] try {
[*] zk = new ZooKeeper(addr, 10 * 1000, this);
[*] mutex = new Integer(-1);
[*] Stat s = zk.exists(root, false);
[*] if (s == null) {
[*]
zk.create(root, newbyte,>
[*] }
[*]
[*] } catch (Exception e) {
[*] e.printStackTrace();
[*] }
[*]
[*] }
[*]
[*] publicsynchronizedvoid process(WatchedEvent event) {
[*] synchronized (mutex) {
[*] mutex.notify();
[*] }
[*] }
[*]
[*] publicboolean enter(String name) throws Exception {
[*]
zk.create(root + "/" + name, newbyte,>
[*] while (true) {
[*] synchronized (mutex) {
[*] List list = zk.getChildren(root, true);
[*]
if (list.size()
[*] mutex.wait();
[*] } else {
[*] returntrue;
[*] }
[*] }
[*] }
[*] }
[*]
[*] publicboolean leave(String name) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
[*] zk.delete(root + "/" + name, 0);
[*] while (true) {
[*] synchronized (mutex) {
[*] List list = zk.getChildren(root, true);
[*] if (list.size() > 0) {
[*] mutex.wait();
[*] } else {
[*] returntrue;
[*] }
[*] }
[*] }
[*] }
[*]
[*] }
测试代码:
Java代码
[*] publicclass BarrierTest {
[*]
[*] publicstaticvoid main(String args[]) throws Exception {
[*] for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
[*] Process p = new Process("Thread-" + i, new Barrier("/test/barrier", 3));
[*] p.start();
[*] }
[*] }
[*] }
[*]
[*] class Process extends Thread {
[*]
[*] private Stringname;
[*] private Barrier barrier;
[*]
[*] public Process(String name, Barrier barrier){
[*] this.name = name;
[*] this.barrier = barrier;
[*] }
[*]
[*] @Override
[*] publicvoid run() {
[*] try {
[*] barrier.enter(name);
[*] System.out.println(name + " enter");
[*] Thread.sleep(1000 + new Random().nextInt(2000));
[*] barrier.leave(name);
[*] System.out.println(name + " leave");
[*] } catch (Exception e) {
[*] e.printStackTrace();
[*] }
[*] }
[*] }
通过该Barrier,可以协调不同任务之间的同步处理,这里主要还是利用了Watcher机制的反向推送,避免客户端的循环polling动作,只要针对有事件的变化做一次响应。
集群管理
我不罗嗦,taobao有几篇文章已经介绍的很详细。
[*] http://rdc.taobao.com/blog/cs/?p=162(paxos 实现)
[*] http://rdc.taobao.com/blog/cs/?p=261(paxos算法介绍续)
[*] http://rdc.taobao.com/team/jm/archives/448(zookeeper代码解析)
zookeeper集群对server进行了归类,可分为:
[*] Leader
[*] Follower
[*] Obserer
说明: 1. Leader/Follower会通过选举算法进行选择,可以看一下http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/r3.3.2/recipes.html 里的Leader Election章节。
2. Observer主要是为提升zookeeper的性能,observer和follower的主要区别就是observer不参与Leader agreement vote处理。只提供读节点的处理,类似于master/slave的读请求。 (http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/r3.3.2/zookeeperObservers.html)
Java代码
[*] server.1:localhost:2181:3181:observer
3. 可通过命令行,查看当前server所处的状态
Java代码
[*] $ echo stat | nc localhost 2181
[*] Zookeeper version: 3.3.3--1, built on 06/24/201113:12 GMT
[*] Clients:
[*] /10.16.4.30:34760(queued=0,recved=632,sent=632)
[*] /127.0.0.1:43626(queued=0,recved=1,sent=0)
[*] /10.16.4.30:34797(queued=0,recved=2917,sent=2917)
[*]
[*] Latency min/avg/max: 0/0/33
[*] Received: 3552
[*] Sent: 3551
[*] Outstanding: 0
[*] Zxid: 0x200000003
[*] Mode: follower##当前模式
[*] Node count: 8
使用zookeeper,我们能干些什么?
官方文档中,有举了几个应用场景,就是使用zookeeper提供分布式锁机制,从而实现分布式的一致性处理。
典型的几个场景:
[*] Barrier
[*] Queue
[*] Lock
[*] 2PC
可以参看一下: http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/r3.3.2/recipes.html其他
zookeeper基本是基于API和console进行znode的操作,并没有一个比较方便的操作界面,这里也发现了taobao 伯岩写的一个工具,可以比较方便的查询zookeeper信息。
工具的开发语言主要是node.js(最近比较火),其标榜的是无阻塞的api使用。其原理主要是基于google的V8(chrome的javascript的解析器,C语言编写),node.js本身是基于js语法进行开发,通过V8解析为C语言的执行代码
其标榜的无阻塞I/O实现,那可想而知就是linux系统下的select/poll的I/O模型。有兴趣的可以看下node.js的官网,下载一个玩玩。
文档地址: http://www.blogjava.net/killme2008/archive/2011/06/06/351793.html
代码地址:https://github.com/killme2008/node-zk-browser
通过git下载源码后,需要安装下node.js的几个模块express, express-namespace, zookeeper。 node.js下有个比较方便的模块管理器npm,类似于redhat的rpm,ubuntu的apt-get。
安装模块:
Java代码
[*] npm install -g express
几个界面:
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