期盼死亡的小丑 发表于 2019-1-9 11:15:39

用SNMP对大型网络管理

  一、原理介绍:
  1. SNMP简介      
目前网络中用得最广泛的网络管理协议是SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol,简单网络管理协议)。SNMP是被广泛接受并投入使用的工业标准,用于保证管理信息在网络中任意两点间传送,便于网络管理员在网络上的任何节点检索信息、修改信息、定位故障、完成故障诊断、进行容量规划和生成报告。   
SNMP采用轮询机制,只提供最基本的功能集,特别适合在小型、快速和低价格的环境中使用。SNMP的实现基于无连接的传输层协议UDP,因此可以实现和众多产品的无障碍连接。
  

  2. SNMP的工作机制      
SNMP分为NMS和Agent两部分:   
NMS(Network Management Station,网络管理站)是运行客户端程序的工作站,目前常用的网管平台有QuidView、Sun NetManager和IBM NetView。   
Agent是运行在网络设备上的服务器端软件。   
NMS可以向Agent发出GetRequest、GetNextRequest和SetRequest报文,Agent接收到NMS的这些请求报文后,根据报文类型进行Read或Write操作,生成Response报文,并将报文返回给NMS。   
Agent在设备发生异常情况或状态改变时(如设备重新启动),也会主动向NMS发送Trap报文,向NMS汇报所发生的事件。
  

  3. SNMP的版本      
目前,设备中的SNMP Agent支持SNMP v3版本,兼容SNMP v1版本、SNMP v2C版本。   
SNMP v3采用用户名和密码认证方式。   
SNMP v1、SNMP v2C采用团体名(Community Name)认证,非设备认可团体名的SNMP报文将被丢弃。SNMP团体名用来定义SNMP NMS和SNMP Agent的关系。团体名起到了类似于密码的作用,可以限制SNMP NMS访问设备上的SNMP Agent。用户可以选择指定以下一个或者多个与团体名相关的特性:   
1.定义团体名可以访问的MIB视图。
  2.设置团体名对MIB对象的访问权限为读写权限(write)或者只读权限(read)。具有只读权限的团体名只能对设备信息进行查询,而具有读写权限的团体名还可以对设备进行配置。   
3.设置团体名指定的基本访问控制列表。
  

  4. 设备支持的MIB      
在SNMP报文中用管理变量来描述设备中的管理对象。为了唯一标识设备中的管理对象,SNMP用层次结构命名方案来识别管理对象。整个层次结构就像一棵树,树的节点表示管理对象,如下图1-1所示。每一个节点,都可以用从根开始的一条路径唯一地标识。
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201209/9/5635432_13471846351gH3.png
  MIB(Management Information Base,管理信息库)的作用就是用来描述树的层次结构,它是所监控网络设备的标准变量定义的集合。在图1-1中,管理对象B可以用一串数字{1.2.1.1}唯一确定,这串数字是管理对象的对象标识符(Object Identifier)。   
系统支持的常见MIB如下表1-1所示。
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201209/9/5635432_1347184638OVT9.pnghttp://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201209/9/5635432_1347184640hJTL.png
  
  二、RRDtool安装,分析及使用:
工作原理图:
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/11/E5/wKiom1LjE-LQYQS4AACOwgokxns717.jpg
整个系统有四部分组成:
1、Cacti系统平台用于用户设置与查看图表;Cacti需要LAMP环境的支持。
2、snmp用于采集数据给rrdtool绘制成图,使用161.162端口,用MIB数据库来保持数据信息,根据OID定位数据(类似1.3.6.1.2.1);Linux下使用net-snmp自带的snmpget和snmpwalk等程序,Windows下使用php的snmp功能。
3、RRDTool绘图引擎用于性能数据的存储和绘画图像。
4、Mysql数据库用来存储RRDTool绘图所需要的信息。


Cacti常见的监测对象:
1、服务器资源:CPU、内存、磁盘、进程、连接数等
2、服务器类型:WEB、Mail、FTP、数据库
3、网络接口:流量、转发速度、丢包率


Cacti偏重于网络流量,系统负载方面的监控(网络流量,cpu,硬盘使用率等)


1、安装cacti基于lamp环境(apache+mysql+php+net-snmp+rrdtool)

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  yum install -yhttpd httpd-devel mysql mysql-server mysql-devel

  php php-devel php-mysql php-common php-gd php-mbstring php-xml

  php-imap php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xmlrpc php-bcmath

  gd gd-devel freetype freetype-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng

  libpng-devel zlib zlib-devellibxml2 libxml2-devel libjpeg* libgcrypt

  libgcrypt-devel libxslt libxslt-devel php-snmp net-snmp net-snmp-utils

  perl-DBI rrdtool perl-rrdtool perl-DBD-MySQL net-snmp-libs lm_sensors

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service httpd start
service mysqld start
chkconfig httpd on
chkconfig mysqld on
mysqladmin -u root password root   #设置mysql登录密码
2、安装配置cacti

1)、安装cacti
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wget http://www.cacti.net/downloads/cacti-0.8.8b.tar.gz
tar zxvf cacti-0.8.8b.tar.gz
mv cacti-0.8.8b/* /var/www/html
2)、导入数据库结构
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mysql>create database cacti;
mysql>use cacti;
mysql>source /var/www/html/cacti.sql;
3)、配置cacti连接数据库:
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vi /var/www/html/include/config.php
$database_type = "mysql";
$database_default = "cactidb";
$database_hostname = "localhost";
$database_username = "root";
$database_password = "root";
$database_port = "3306";
$database_ssl = false;
$url_path = "/";#去掉注释,修改路径为根
4)、图形安装cacti,输入IP开始安装
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/11/E5/wKiom1LjFrLRnlpZAAL-6WxXO4U518.jpg
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/11/E4/wKioL1LjF5_SgECtAAN9gkYC1tM580.jpg
默认用户、密码都是admin,输入后会让你修改密码http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M02/11/E5/wKiom1LjFzuyqpRoAAEXIo36YXA863.jpg




5)、配置snmp监控本地主机

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vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
com2sec notConfigUser 127.0.0.1 public
access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact all none none
view all included .1 80
service snmpd restart
3、cacti其他配置
1)、php设置时区
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vi /etc/php.ini
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
service httpd restart
2)、手动运行一次,生成初始图像文件: (编绎安装路径/usr/local/apache/htdocs/)
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/usr/bin/php /var/www/html/poller.php
3)、设置计划任务,每五分钟生成一次图表:
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crontab -e
*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/php /var/www/html/poller.php
4)、修改cacti默认设置:console->setting
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201309/103846489.jpg
rrdtool -v #查看rrdtool版本

snmp version :设置snmp版本,一般是version2
snmp community:设置共同体名,默认是public
5)、设置权限:
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chown -R apache.root /var/www/html/
chmod 775 -R /var/www/html
chmod 777 /var/www/html/rra /var/www/html/log
chown -R root.root /var/www/html/rra /var/www/html/log
6)、监控本地主机

http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201309/200415818.jpg
配置完后,查看localhost发现不出图都是-nan:http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201309/200639488.jpg
解决:rrdtoolfetch -r 300 localhost_mem_buffers_3.rrd AVERAGE #使用rrdtool获取抓取的信息,结果都是-nan,现在看最后一个日期是1379679000,当date +%s获取的日期超过最后一个,就该出图了。
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201309/200858899.jpg


4、监控Linux主机
被监控主机配置SNMP:
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yum install -y net-snmp-*
vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
com2sec notConfigUser 192.168.0.10 public #改为允许监控主机的IP
access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact all none none
view all included .1 80
service snmpd restart#重启snmp
监控主机添加设备:

Console->Device->Add->create
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201309/144542288.jpg
添加到图形树:
Console->Graph Trees->Add->Tree Item Type->Host->选择主机->create


5、监控Windows主机
首先主机已经添加snmp服务了,再安装snmp-informant-std会在服务里面多出SNMP Trap,不需要配置,然后配置Snmp Service:
开始—运行—services.msc,找到“snmpservice”,右键打开“属性”,选择“安全”,在“接受团体名称”处,点“添加”,在“团体名称”处写入你的cacti使用的community,选中“接受来自这些主机的snmp数据包”,默认值为“localhost”,点击“编辑”,将“localhost”改为cacti监控服务器的实际ip地址即可!


6、不出图或不出数据以下入手解决
1.图像没有生成,运行 #/usr/bin/php /var/www/html/poller.php
2.权限问题,修改权限 #chmod 777 -R /var/www/html/rra /var/www/html/log/
3.snmp配置问题,检测是否有数据输出 #snmpwalk -v2c -c public 127.0.0.1
4.删除rra下所有文件,清除缓存 #system utilities –>Rebuild poller cache
5.系统时间不准确,重新设置时间 date.timezone = PRC
6.数据库表有损坏,修复 #mysqlcheck -ao cacti -auto-repair -uroot -p
7.不显示图片也不显示数据 #service snmpd restart

7.尝试重启snmpd服务 #service snmpd restart


  到此安装完毕!!!
  

  

  7、相关详细配制1 --- 以下为通过RRDtool命令查看数据
  # yum install net-snmp
  # yum install net-snmp-utils
  # snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost host
HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemUptime.0 = Timeticks: (1618864) 4:29:48.64
HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemUptime.0 = No more variables left in this MIB View (It is past the end of the MIB tree)
# snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost
  SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.18-164.el5PAE #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:59:11 EDT 2009 i686
SNMPv2-MIB::sysObjectID.0 = OID: NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmpAgentOIDs.10
DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (745096) 2:04:10.96
SNMPv2-MIB::sysContact.0 = STRING: Root(configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)
SNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0 = STRING: localhost.localdomain
SNMPv2-MIB::sysLocation.0 = STRING: Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORLastChange.0 = Timeticks: (13) 0:00:00.13
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.1 = OID: SNMPv2-MIB::snmpMIB
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.2 = OID: TCP-MIB::tcpMIB
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.3 = OID: IP-MIB::ip
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.4 = OID: UDP-MIB::udpMIB
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.5 = OID: SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmBasicGroup
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.6 = OID: SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB::snmpFrameworkMIBCompliance
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.7 = OID: SNMP-MPD-MIB::snmpMPDCompliance
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.8 = OID: SNMP-USER-BASED-SM-MIB::usmMIBCompliance
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.1 = STRING: The MIB module for SNMPv2 entities
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.2 = STRING: The MIB module for ma
  # vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
  # First, map the community name "public" into a "security name"
#       sec.name      source          community
#com2sec notConfigUser   default         public
com2sec notConfigUser 127.0.0.1      mypublic
com2sec notConfigUser10.109.0.0/16    mypublic

# Second, map the security name into a group name:
#       groupName       securityModel   securityName
group   notConfigGroupv1            notConfigUser
group   notConfigGroup v2c             notConfigUser
  # service snmpd restart

  # snmpwalk -v 2c -c mypublic10.109.131.198
SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.18-164.el5PAE #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:59:11 EDT 2009 i686
SNMPv2-MIB::sysObjectID.0 = OID: NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmpAgentOIDs.10
DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (15379) 0:02:33.79
SNMPv2-MIB::sysContact.0 = STRING: Root(configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)
SNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0 = STRING: localhost.localdomain
SNMPv2-MIB::sysLocation.0 = STRING: Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORLastChange.0 = Timeticks: (4) 0:00:00.04
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.1 = OID: SNMPv2-MIB::snmpMIB
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.2 = OID: TCP-MIB::tcpMIB
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.3 = OID: IP-MIB::ip
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.4 = OID: UDP-MIB::udpMIB
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.5 = OID: SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmBasicGroup
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.6 = OID: SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB::snmpFrameworkMIBCompliance
... ...

  # chkconfig snmpd on
# chkconfig --list snmpd
snmpd            0:off    1:off    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
  # yum install ruby
  ...

  Downloading Packages:
(1/2): ruby-libs-1.8.5-5.el5_3.7.i386.rpm      | 1.6 MB   00:00   
(2/2): ruby-1.8.5-5.el5_3.7.i386.rpm         | 274 kB   00:00
  ...
  # rpm -ivh rrdtool-1.2.27-4.el5.i386.rpm
# rpm -ivh rrdtool-perl-1.2.27-4.el5.i386.rpm
# rrdtool create test.rrd --step 5 --start -1 DS:testds:GAUGE:8:0:U RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:1:17280 RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:10:3456 RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:100:1210
# ll -h test.rrd
-rw-r--r--1 root root173K Feb 22 16:14 test.rrd
# rrdtool info test.rrd
filename = "test.rrd"
rrd_version = "0003"
step = 5
last_update = 1487751267
ds.type = "GAUGE"
ds.minimal_heartbeat = 8
ds.min = 0.0000000000e+00
ds.max = NaN
ds.last_ds = "UNKN"
...

  # cat insert.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
for I in {1..200000}; do
    mysql -e "INSERT INTO testdb.tb1(NAME) VALUES ('stu$I')"
    mysql -e "SELECT * FROM testdb.tb1" &> /dev/null
done
  # cat   getselect.sh

  #!/bin/bash
#
while true; do
    SELECT=`mysql --batch -e "SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE 'com_select'" | awk '/Com_select/{print $2}'`
    rrdtool update mysql.rrd N:$SELECT
    sleep 3
done
  

  573rrdtool fetch -r 5mysql.rrd AVERAGE
574rrdtool fetch -r 30mysql.rrd AVERAGE
575rrdtool fetch -r 30mysql.rrd max
576rrdtool fetch -r 30mysql.rrd MAX
577rrdtool fetch -r 30mysql.rrd LAST
  580rrdtool graph mysql.png -s 1487747370 -t "mysql select" -v "select/3" DEF:select3=mysql.rrd:myselect:AVERAGE:step=3 LINE1:select3#FF0000:"SELECT"
581rrdtool graph mysql.png -s 1487747370 -t "mysql select" -v "select/30" DEF:select3=mysql.rrd:myselect:AVERAGE:step=30 LINE1:select3#FF0000:"SELECT"
583rrdtool graph mysql2.png -s 1487747370 -t "mysql select" -v "select/3" DEF:select3=mysql.rrd:myselect:AVERAGE:step=30 DEF:max30=mysql.rrd:myselect:MAX:step=30 DEF:last30=mysql.rrd:myselect:LAST:step=30 LINE1:select3#FF0000:"SELECT"
584rrdtool graph mysql3.png -s 1487747370 -t "mysql select" -v "select/30" DEF:select3=mysql.rrd:myselect:AVERAGE:step=30 DEF:max30=mysql.rrd:myselect:MAX:step=30 DEF:last30=mysql.rrd:myselect:LAST:step=30 LINE1:select3#FF0000:"SELECT"
589rrdtool graph mysql4.png -s 1487747370 -t "mysql select" -v "select/30" DEF:select3=mysql.rrd:myselect:AVERAGE:step=30 DEF:max30=mysql.rrd:myselect:MAX:sep=30 DEF:last30=mysql.rrd:myselect:LAST:step=30 LINE1:select3#FF0000:"SELECT" GPRINT:last30:LAST:"CURRENT\: %10.21f" GPRINT:max30:MAX:"MAXIMUM\:%6.21f"
  
  8、相关详细配制2 --- 创建HTTP虚拟主机及手动查看
  # vi /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

  
    ServerName cacti.jacktest.com
    DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/cacti"
   
      Options Indexes
      AllowOverride none
      Require all granted
   
    ErrorLog "logs/cacti-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/cacti-access_log" common

  # mkdir /web
# mkdir /web/vhosts
# ls /web/vhosts
# tar xf cacti-0.8.8a.tar.gz -C /web/vhosts/
# cd /web/vhosts/
# ll
lrwxrwxrwx1 root root    12 02-23 09:26 cacti -> cacti-0.8.8a
drwxr-xr-x 13 1000 users 4096 2012-04-23 cacti-0.8.8a
  # service httpd restart
  

  # mysqladmin create cactidb
# mysql cactidb < cacti.sql
# mysql -e "GRANT ALL ON cactidb.* TO cactiuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'cactiuser'"
# mysqladmin flush-privileges
# mysql -ucactiuser -p
  mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database         |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| cactidb            |
| test               |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

  # vi config.php

  $database_type = "mysql";
$database_default = "cactidb";
$database_hostname = "localhost";
$database_username = "cactiuser";
$database_password = "cactiuser";
$database_port = "3306";
$database_ssl = false;
/*
   Edit this to point to the default URL of your Cacti install
   ex: if your cacti install as at http://serverip/cacti/ this
   would be set to /cacti/
*/
//$url_path = "/cacti/";
$url_path = "/";
  # useradd cactiuser
  # pwd
/web/vhosts/cacti
  # chown -R cactiuser:cactiuser rra/ log
  

  poller.php--===>>Spine
  # echo '*/5 * * * * /usr/local/php/bin/php /usr/local/apache/htdocs/cacti/poller.php &>/dev/null' > /var/spool/cron/cactiuser    #自动5分钟执行一次poller.php
# crontab -u cactiuser -e
  # vi /etc/php.ini
  
; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions
; http://php.net/date.timezone
;date.timezone =
date.timezone = PRC
  # service httpd restart
  $ /usr/local/php/bin/php /web/vhosts/cacti/poller.php
02/24/2017 09:44:13 AM - SYSTEM STATS: Time:0.1567 Method:cmd.php Processes:1 Threads:N/A Hosts:2 HostsPerProcess:2 DataSources:0 RRDsProcessed:0
  # vi/usr/local/apache/htdocs/cacti/log/cacti.log

  02/24/2017 09:40:01 AM - SYSTEM STATS: Time:0.1457 Method:cmd.php Processes:1 Threads:N/A Hosts:2 HostsPerProcess:2 DataSources:0 RRDsProcessed:0
# ls/usr/local/apache/htdocs/cacti/rra/
localhost_load_1min_5.rrd    localhost_mem_swap_4.rrdlocalhost_users_6.rrd
localhost_mem_buffers_3.rrdlocalhost_proc_7.rrd

  

  9、相关详细配制3 -- 手动查看监控文档
  1. 测试收集命令:

  $ snmpnetstat -v 2c -c public -Can -Cp tcp 10.109.131.144
  2. 显示一个结果

  # vim   /usr/local/apache/htdocs/scripts/tcpconn.sh
  #!/bin/bash
#
# $1: hostname or ip
# $2: snmp comunity
SNMPNETSTAT=/usr/bin/snmpnetstat
ESTABLISHED=`$SNMPNETSTAT -v 2c -c $2 -Can -Cp tcp $1 | grep -i 'established' |wc -l`
echo -n "established:$ESTABLISHED"

  执行结果:established:19
  3. 显示多个结果
  #!/bin/bash
#
# $1: hostname or ip
# $2: snmp comunity
SNMPNETSTAT=/usr/bin/snmpnetstat
TEMPFILE=`mktemp /tmp/$1_tcpconn.XXXXXXXX`

$SNMPNETSTAT -v 2c -c $2 -Can -Cp tcp $1 > $TEMPFILE
ESTABLISHED=` grep -i '$ESTABLISHED' $TEMPFILE|wc -l `
TIMEWAIT=` grep -i '$TIMEWAIT' $TEMPFILE|wc -l `
SYNRECEIVED=` grep -i '$SYNRECEIVED' $TEMPFILE|wc -l `

echo -n "established:$ESTABLISHED timewait:$TIMEWAIT synreceived:$SYNRECEIVED"
  
  

https://s5.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/8E/1B/wKioL1i2LGvTIUS5AASVYygD4wY040.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_2240705564.png
  https://s5.运维网.com/wyfs02/M00/8E/1E/wKiom1i2LNrAThHBAAFB05kmd_o180.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_2310436731.png

  https://s4.运维网.com/wyfs02/M00/8E/1B/wKioL1i2LOnzpz0iAAFCXdHmnL4981.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_4159753078.png

  https://s5.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/8E/1B/wKioL1i2LPezJeglAAFCXdHmnL4659.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_1280436065.png

  https://s1.运维网.com/wyfs02/M02/8E/1B/wKioL1i2LQTDukc3AADMYm7FzPE709.png
  https://s5.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/8E/1B/wKioL1i2LR6B32_cAAD6fUbdLRg321.png
https://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/8E/1B/wKioL1i2LmaBI16EAAENeyS5vrw840.png-wh_500x0-wm_3-wmp_4-s_1441055565.png

https://s2.运维网.com/wyfs02/M00/8E/1B/wKioL1i2LpSxeaeHAADppTGPSGY821.png
https://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/8E/1E/wKiom1i2LqGxSQgfAAEjWazvzRo028.png

  

https://s2.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/8E/1E/wKiom1i2LrHhq35WAAEjWazvzRo789.png
  

  

  

https://s4.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/8E/1B/wKioL1i2Lr-T-1xEAAC0GyAseCg853.png
  

  

  

  10、相关下载
  

  1) rrdtool 下载:

  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel//5/i386/

  

  2) cacti-0.8.8a 下载:
  http://vdisk.weibo.com/s/ukAFmeXH43dKX

  

  3) cacti-spine-0.8.8a 下载:
  http://www.cacti.net/downloads/spine/

  

  4) monitor-v1.3-1.tgz 下载:
  http://docs.cacti.net/plugin:monitor

  

  5) Cacti0.8.8a (Spine-Monitor-Setting-thold)安装与优化
  http://damondeng.blog.运维网.com/1038075/1226857
  

  6) thold-v0.5.0.tgz 下载:   http://docs.cacti.net/plugin:thold#download

  settings-v0.71-1.tgz下载: http://docs.cacti.net/plugin:thold#download

  monitor-v1.3-1.tgz 下载: http://docs.cacti.net/plugin:monitor
7) Cacti 使用第三方模版监控windows主机
http://www.cactifans.org/category/cacti%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91

8) cacti模板大全:
http://csevan.blog.163.com/blog/static/117971266201071292318877/
  9) 用Webmin轻松管理linux服务
  

  http://guojiping.blog.运维网.com/5635432/987817
  

  10) Cnyunwei-Cacti+Nagios最新版本 V11发布,安装完成即使用。
http://www.cnyunwei.com/thread-5714-1-1.html
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