cacti搭建
Cacti是一套基于PHP,MySQL,SNMP及RRDTool开发的网络流量监测图形分析工具Cacti是通过 snmpget来获取数据，使用 RRDtool绘画图形，而且你完全可以不需要了解RRDtool复杂的参数。它提供了非常强大的数据和用户管理功能，可以指定每一个用户能查看树状结构、host以及任何一张图，还可以与LDAP结合进行用户验证，同时也能自己增加模板，功能非常强大完善。界面友好。http://f.hiphotos.baidu.com/baike/s%3D220/sign=a3a74f5a0c33874498c5287e610ed937/adaf2edda3cc7cd9d89325d33901213fb80e9179.jpgCACTI
软件Cacti 的发展是基于让 RRDTool 使用者更方便使用该软件，除了基本的 Snmp 流量跟系统资讯监控外，Cacti 也可外挂 Scripts 及加上 Templates 来作出各式各样的监控图。
cacti是用php语言实现的一个软件，它的主要功能是用snmp服务获取数据，然后用rrdtool储存和更新数据，当用户需要查看数据的时候用rrdtool生成图表呈现给用户。因此，snmp和rrdtool是cacti的关键。Snmp关系着数据的收集，rrdtool关系着数据存储和图表的生成。
Mysql配合PHP程序存储一些变量数据并对变量数据进行调用，如：主机名、主机ip、snmp团体名、端口号、模板信息等变量。
snmp抓到数据不是存储在mysql中，而是存在rrdtool生成的rrd文件中（在cacti根目录的rra文件夹下）。rrdtool对数据的更新和存储就是对rrd文件的处理，rrd文件是大小固定的档案文件（Round Robin Archive），它能够存储的数据笔数在创建时就已经定义。
实验环境 centos 5.5
需要软件包
cacti-0.8.8a.tar.gz
cacti-spine-0.8.8a.tar.gz
nagios-3.4.1.tar.gz
nagios-plugins-1.4.16.tar.gz
rrdtool-1.3.8.tar.gz
1 先安装LAMP（yum安装）
yum install httpd* -y
yum install mysql* php php-mysql* mod_ssl mod_mod_auth_mysql mod_auth_mysql mod_perl php-gd php-xml xml php-mbstring php-ldap php-pear php-xmlrpc -y
yum install mysql-connector-odbc mysql-devel libdbi-dbd-mysql -y
yum install net-snmp* -y
2 服务设置开机启动
chkconfighttpd on
chkconfigsnmpd on
chkconfig mysqld on
关闭 selinux
setenforce 0
3 安装cacti+nagios
tar zxvf cacti-0.8.7h.tar.gz
mv cacti-0.8.7h /var/www/html/cacti
tar zxvf rrdtool-1.3.8.tar.gz
mv rrdtool-1.3.8 /usr/local/rrdtool
cd /usr/local/rrdtool/
yum install pango-devel* cairo-devel* intltool
./configure
make make install
tar zxvf cacti-spine-0.8.7h.tar.gz
mv cacti-spine-0.8.7h /usr/local/spine
cd /usr/local/spine/
./configure
make
make install
cd /var/www/html/cacti/
mysqladmin -uroot password liguowei
mysqladmin -uroot -p create cacti
mysql -uroot -p cacti < cacti.sql
vi include/config.php
修改内容如下：
$database_type = "mysql";
$database_default = "cacti";
$database_hostname = "localhost";
$database_username = "root";
$database_password = "******";
$database_port = "3306";
$database_ssl = false;
vi include/global.php
修改内容如下：
/* Default database settings*/
$database_type = "mysql";
$database_default = "cacti";
$database_hostname = "localhost";
$database_username = "root";
$database_password = "******";
添加计划任务
vi /etc/crontab
添加 */5 * * * * root php /var/www/html/cacti/poller.php
cp /usr/local/spine/etc/spine.conf.dist /etc/spine.conf
vi /etc/spine.conf
DB_Host localhost
DB_Database cacti
DB_User cactiuser
DB_Pass cactiuser
DB_Port 3306
DB_PreG 0
http://服务器ip/cacti 配置cacti
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201305/163959950.png
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201305/164114646.png
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201305/164349166.png
find /usr/local/ -name rrdtool
/usr/local/rrdtool-1.3.8/bin/rrdtool 复制路径刷新即可
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201305/164527663.png
默认用户名adminadmin
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201305/164644348.png
修改密码 给为 新的密码
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201305/164809181.png
cacti搭建完毕
cacti搭建完成，为了能更好使用需要修改snmp配置文件
vim/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
找到
com2sec notConfigUserdefault public
更改为
com2sec notConfigUser127.0.0.1 public (ip为需要监控的主机的ip)
找到
accessnotConfigGroup "" any noauth exactsystemview none none
更改为
accessnotConfigGroup "" any noauth exactall none none
找到
#view all included.1 80
更改为
view all included.1 80
做了一下改动后要，重启snmp
service snmpd restart
Stopping snmpd:
Starting snmpd:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/crond restart
Stopping crond:
Starting crond:
测试rrdtool，是否生成图片的命令
php /var/www/html/cacti/poller.php
05/23/2013 10:39:23 PM - POLLER: Poller WARNING: Cron is out of sync with the Poller Interval!The Poller Interval is '60' seconds, with a maximum of a '300' second Cron, but 262 seconds have passed since the last poll!
OK u:0.00 s:0.01 r:7.62
OK u:0.00 s:0.01 r:7.62
OK u:0.00 s:0.01 r:10.25
05/23/2013 10:39:34 PM - SYSTEM STATS: Time:10.9177 Method:spine Processes:1 Threads:1 Hosts:17 HostsPerProcess:17 DataSources:20 RRDsProcessed:10
OK u:0.00 s:0.01 r:10.82
OK u:0.00 s:0.01 r:10.83
OK u:0.00 s:0.01 r:10.83
OK u:0.00 s:0.01 r:10.83
OK u:0.00 s:0.01 r:10.83
OK u:0.00 s:0.01 r:10.84
OK u:0.00 s:0.01 r:10.84
看到这个提示，证明rrdtool已经获得了数据
检查snmp获得数据是否正常可以使用
snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 127.0.0.1 if
IF-MIB::ifIndex.1 = INTEGER: 1
IF-MIB::ifIndex.2 = INTEGER: 2
IF-MIB::ifIndex.3 = INTEGER: 3
IF-MIB::ifIndex.4 = INTEGER: 4
IF-MIB::ifDescr.1 = STRING: lo
IF-MIB::ifDescr.2 = STRING: eth0
IF-MIB::ifDescr.3 = STRING: eth1
IF-MIB::ifDescr.4 = STRING: sit0
IF-MIB::ifType.1 = INTEGER: softwareLoopback(24)
IF-MIB::ifType.2 = INTEGER: ethernetCsmacd(6)
IF-MIB::ifType.3 = INTEGER: ethernetCsmacd(6)
IF-MIB::ifType.4 = INTEGER: tunnel(131)
IF-MIB::ifMtu.1 = INTEGER: 16436
IF-MIB::ifMtu.2 = INTEGER: 1500
IF-MIB::ifMtu.3 = INTEGER: 1500
IF-MIB::ifMtu.4 = INTEGER: 1480
IF-MIB::ifSpeed.1 = Gauge32: 10000000
IF-MIB::ifSpeed.2 = Gauge32: 1000000000
IF-MIB::ifSpeed.3 = Gauge32: 1000000000
IF-MIB::ifSpeed.4 = Gauge32: 0
IF-MIB::ifPhysAddress.1 = STRING:
IF-MIB::ifPhysAddress.2 = STRING: 0:50:56:b2:dd:6a
IF-MIB::ifPhysAddress.3 = STRING: 0:50:56:b2:4a:bf
IF-MIB::ifPhysAddress.4 = STRING:
IF-MIB::ifAdminStatus.1 = INTEGER: up(1)
IF-MIB::ifAdminStatus.2 = INTEGER: up(1)
IF-MIB::ifAdminStatus.3 = INTEGER: down(2)
IF-MIB::ifAdminStatus.4 = INTEGER: down(2)
IF-MIB::ifOperStatus.1 = INTEGER: up(1)
IF-MIB::ifOperStatus.2 = INTEGER: up(1)
IF-MIB::ifOperStatus.3 = INTEGER: down(2)
IF-MIB::ifOperStatus.4 = INTEGER: down(2)
IF-MIB::ifLastChange.1 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00
IF-MIB::ifLastChange.2 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00
IF-MIB::ifLastChange.3 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00
IF-MIB::ifLastChange.4 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00
IF-MIB::ifInOctets.1 = Counter32: 456696
IF-MIB::ifInOctets.2 = Counter32: 13011691
IF-MIB::ifInOctets.3 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInOctets.4 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInUcastPkts.1 = Counter32: 3736
IF-MIB::ifInUcastPkts.2 = Counter32: 82264
IF-MIB::ifInUcastPkts.3 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInUcastPkts.4 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInNUcastPkts.1 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInNUcastPkts.2 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInNUcastPkts.3 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInNUcastPkts.4 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInDiscards.1 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInDiscards.2 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInDiscards.3 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInDiscards.4 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInErrors.1 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInErrors.2 = Counter32: 119
IF-MIB::ifInErrors.3 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInErrors.4 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInUnknownProtos.1 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInUnknownProtos.2 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInUnknownProtos.3 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifInUnknownProtos.4 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutOctets.1 = Counter32: 456696
IF-MIB::ifOutOctets.2 = Counter32: 38508110
IF-MIB::ifOutOctets.3 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutOctets.4 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutUcastPkts.1 = Counter32: 3736
IF-MIB::ifOutUcastPkts.2 = Counter32: 70719
IF-MIB::ifOutUcastPkts.3 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutUcastPkts.4 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutNUcastPkts.1 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutNUcastPkts.2 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutNUcastPkts.3 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutNUcastPkts.4 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutDiscards.1 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutDiscards.2 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutDiscards.3 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutDiscards.4 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutErrors.1 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutErrors.2 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutErrors.3 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutErrors.4 = Counter32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutQLen.1 = Gauge32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutQLen.2 = Gauge32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutQLen.3 = Gauge32: 0
IF-MIB::ifOutQLen.4 = Gauge32: 0
IF-MIB::ifSpecific.1 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::zeroDotZero
IF-MIB::ifSpecific.2 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::zeroDotZero
IF-MIB::ifSpecific.3 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::zeroDotZero
IF-MIB::ifSpecific.4 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::zeroDotZero
如果出现这一些，证明snmp可以正常抓取数据
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201305/120148262.png
如果出现这个，证明cacti。正常工作
服务器端配置完毕
介绍如何，配置客户端，客户端以windows xp为例
1 控制面板-添加删除程序-添加删除windows组件-管理与监视工具-snmp有两个选项，全部勾线安装
2 cmd-services.msc
3 找到snmp服务
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201305/101956333.png
右键-属性
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201305/101956361.png
选择安全选项卡
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201305/101956383.png
团体名字默认为public（可以更改），但是要和服务器端名字相同
接收来自snmp包的ip地址为服务器端ip地址，点击应用-确定
重启客户端snmp服务
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201305/102339334.png
右键-重启服务
查看结果
http://img1.运维网.com/attachment/201305/102505945.png
这样windows xp客户端配置就完成了。
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