centos6 64bit cacti的安装
cacti是用php语言实现的一个软件，它的主要功能是用snmp服务获取数据，然后用rrdtool储存和更新数据，当用户需要查看数据的时候用rrdtool生成图表呈现给用户。因此，snmp和rrdtool是cacti的关键。Snmp关系着数据的收集，rrdtool关系着数据存储和图表的生成。Mysql配合PHP程序存储一些变量数据并对变量数据进行调用，如：主机名、主机ip、snmp团体名、端口号、模板信息等变量
snmp抓到数据不是存储在mysql中，而是存在rrdtool生成的rrd文件中（在cacti根目录的rra文件夹下）。rrdtool对数据的更新和存储就是对rrd文件的处理，rrd文件是大小固定的档案文件（Round Robin Archive），它能够存储的数据笔数在创建时就已经定义。关于RRDTool的知识请参阅RRDTool教学
[*]安装环境 centos6 64bit
[*]1搭建所需环境
[*]# rpm -qa | grep zlib
[*]zlib-1.2.3-27.el6.x86_64
[*]zlib-devel-1.2.3-27.el6.x86_64
[*]
[*]# rpm -qa | grep libpng
[*]libpng-static-1.2.46-1.el6_1.x86_64
[*]libpng-1.2.46-1.el6_1.x86_64
[*]libpng-devel-1.2.46-1.el6_1.x86_64
[*]
[*]# rpm -qa | grep freetype
[*]freetype-demos-2.3.11-6.el6_1.8.x86_64
[*]freetype-devel-2.3.11-6.el6_1.8.x86_64
[*]freetype-2.3.11-6.el6_1.8.x86_64
[*]
[*]# rpm -qa | grep jpeg
[*]libjpeg-6b-46.el6.x86_64
[*]
[*]# rpm -qa | grep php
[*]php-mysql-5.3.3-3.el6_1.3.x86_64
[*]php-cli-5.3.3-3.el6_1.3.x86_64
[*]php-snmp-5.3.3-3.el6_1.3.x86_64
[*]php-gd-5.3.3-3.el6_1.3.x86_64
[*]php-common-5.3.3-3.el6_1.3.x86_64
[*]php-pdo-5.3.3-3.el6_1.3.x86_64
[*]php-5.3.3-3.el6_1.3.x86_64
[*]
[*]# rpm -qa | grep perl
[*]perl-libs-5.10.1-119.el6_1.1.x86_64
[*]perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.x86_64
[*]perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-119.el6_1.1.x86_64
[*]perl-devel-5.10.1-119.el6_1.1.x86_64
[*]perl-Module-Pluggable-3.90-119.el6_1.1.x86_64
[*]perl-5.10.1-119.el6_1.1.x86_64
[*]perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker-6.55-119.el6_1.1.x86_64
[*]perl-Pod-Simple-3.13-119.el6_1.1.x86_64
[*]net-snmp-perl-5.5-37.el6_2.1.x86_64
[*]perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64
[*]
[*]yum install tcl*
[*]
[*]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
[*]php-mysql-5.3.3-3.el6_1.3.x86_64
[*]mysql-connector-odbc-5.1.5r1144-7.el6.x86_64
[*]mysql-connector-java-5.1.12-2.el6.x86_64
[*]mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64
[*]mysql-server-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64
[*]mysql-bench-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64
[*]mysql-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64
[*]mysql-devel-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64
[*]mysql-embedded-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64
[*]
[*]# rpm -qa | grep net-snmp
[*]net-snmp-utils-5.5-37.el6_2.1.x86_64
[*]net-snmp-libs-5.5-37.el6_2.1.x86_64
[*]net-snmp-5.5-37.el6_2.1.x86_64
[*]net-snmp-perl-5.5-37.el6_2.1.x86_64
[*]net-snmp-devel-5.5-37.el6_2.1.x86_64
[*]
[*]2安装rrdtool
[*]tar zxvf rrdtool-1.2.27.tar.gz
[*]cd rrdtool-1.2.27
[*]./configure --prefix=/usr/local (关于这个指定路径的问题 一说是必须指定路径）
[*]make
[*]make install
[*]
[*]3安装cacti
[*]tar zxvf cacti-0.8.7i.tar.gz
[*]mv cacti-0.8.7i /var/www/html/cacti
[*]
[*]4 mysql>create database cacti default character set utf8;
[*]mysql>grant all privileges on cacti.* to cacti@localhost identified by '123456';
[*]mysql>flush privileges;
[*]
[*]5vim /var/www/html/cacti/include/config.php
[*]$database_type = "mysql";
[*]$database_default = "cacti";
[*]$database_hostname = "localhost";
[*]$database_username = "cacti";
[*]$database_password = "123456";
[*]
[*]5关闭selinux或者 setenforce 0
[*]
[*]6 useradd cacti
[*]chown -R cacti.cacti /var/www/html/cacti
[*]chmod 777 -R/var/www/html/cacti
[*]
[*]7 /etc/init.d/httpd start
[*]/etc/init.d/mysqld start
[*]/etc/init.d/iptables stop
[*]
[*]
[*]8输入http://ip/cacti/ 进行安装以及路径的选择
[*]问题1 CACTI不能显示图像，rra下没有文件！权限，PATH，snmpwalk没问题
[*]把 Data Source Debug 的命令在cacti服务器端执行一次,就可以了
[*]问题2 cacti图像不连续的解决方法
[*]1 # /usr/local/bin/rrdtool fetch localhost_mem_swap_4.rrdAVERAGE 用此命令检查 如果是nan说明没有采集到数据
[*]1324534200: -nan
[*]1324534500: -nan
[*]1324534800: -nan
[*]1324535100: -nan
[*]1324535400: -nan
[*]1324535700: -nan
[*]1324536000: -nan
[*]1324536300: -nan
[*]1324536600: -nan
[*]1324536900: -nan
[*]
[*]2这个一般是网络问题或者是snmp有问题 解决办法就是
[*]进入cacti管理界面执行管理--图像管理---随便点击一个图片---然后打开图像调试模式--保存然后就好了
[*]
[*]问题3 cacti监控远程主机的配置
[*]一 被监控端操作
[*]1被监控端vim /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf的配置如下（确保配置文件有如下内容）
[*]com2sec notConfigUser 127.0.0.1 public
[*]com2sec notConfigUser192.168.1.130（被监控的IP） public
[*]group notConfigGroup v1 notConfigUser
[*]group notConfigGroup v2c notConfigUser
[*]view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.1
[*]view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.2
[*]view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1.1
[*]view all included .1
[*]access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exactall none none
[*]com2secnotConfigUser default public
[*]com2sec*.*.*.0 192.168.1.130/24 public
[*]group MyRWGroupany local
[*]group MyROGroupany mynetwork
[*]group notConfigUser any zoom
[*]view all included.1 80
[*]view mib2 included.iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2 fc
[*]access MyROGroup "" any noauth 0 all none none
[*]access MyRWGroup "" any noauth 0 all all all
[*]syslocation Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)
[*]syscontact Root(configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)
[*]dontLogTCPWrappersConnects yes
[*]
[*]2重启snmp服务
[*]/etc/init.d/snmpd restart
[*]
[*]3iptables关闭
[*]/etc/init.d/iptables stop
[*]
[*]
[*]二 cacti监控端
[*]1 snmpwalk -v 1 192.168.1.130 -c public 执行检测看到如下结果 表明配置成功
[*]HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSWInstalledDate.858 = STRING: 2011-12-22,1:22:25.0,-8:0
[*]HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSWInstalledDate.859 = STRING: 2011-12-22,1:18:49.0,-8:0
[*]HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSWInstalledDate.860 = STRING: 2011-12-22,1:20:12.0,-8:0
[*]HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSWInstalledDate.861 = STRING: 2011-12-22,1:22:25.0,-8:0
[*]HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSWInstalledDate.862 = STRING: 2011-12-22,1:18:57.0,-8:0
[*]HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSWInstalledDate.863 = STRING: 2011-12-22,1:20:24.0,-8:0
[*]HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSWInstalledDate.864 = STRING: 2011-12-22,1:22:25.0,-8:0
[*]HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSWInstalledDate.865 = STRING: 2011-12-22,1:19:3.0,-8:0
[*]HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSWInstalledDate.866 = STRING: 2011-12-22,1:20:29.0,-8:0
[*]HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSWInstalledDate.867 = STRING: 2011-12-22,1:22:26.0,-8:0
[*]HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSWInstalledDate.868 = STRING: 2011-12-22,1:19:4.0,-8:0
[*]HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSWInstalledDate.869 = STRING: 2011-12-22,1:20:30.0,-8:0
[*]DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::mteEventNotificationObjects."_snmpd".'_linkDown' = STRING: _linkUpDown
[*]DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::mteEventNotificationObjects."_snmpd".'_linkUp' = STRING: _linkUpDown
[*]DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::mteEventNotificationObjects."_snmpd".'_mteTriggerFailure' = STRING: _triggerFail
[*]DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::mteEventNotificationObjects."_snmpd".'_mteTriggerFalling' = STRING: _triggerFire
[*]DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::mteEventNotificationObjects."_snmpd".'_mteTriggerFired' = STRING: _triggerFire
[*]DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::mteEventNotificationObjects."_snmpd".'_mteTriggerRising' = STRING: _triggerFire
[*]NOTIFICATION-LOG-MIB::nlmConfigGlobalEntryLimit.0 = Gauge32: 1000
[*]NOTIFICATION-LOG-MIB::nlmConfigGlobalAgeOut.0 = Gauge32: 1440 minutes
[*]NOTIFICATION-LOG-MIB::nlmStatsGlobalNotificationsLogged.0 = Counter32: 0 notifications
[*]NOTIFICATION-LOG-MIB::nlmStatsGlobalNotificationsBumped.0 = Counter32: 0 notifications
[*] 2cacti控制端监控查看
[*]
[*]问题4 监控设备处于unknow状态
[*]acti新添加的主机能手动获取snmp信息，但cacti里面一直是unknown,本机没有问题，就是新增加的主机出不了图。
[*]
[*]故障排除:
[*]操作流程：
[*]1 进入控制台－系统工具－重建绘图器缓存
[*]2 在cacti服务器上运行
[*]/usr/bin/php /var/www/html/poller.php
[*]数分钟后，假如还是不行，重复上述操作一次，即可！
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