ELK日志分析系统实战（一）安装和部署
在日常的运维管理活动，日志非常的重要，当发现error时可以从日志了解报错并及时解决。日志分为系统日志,应用日志,和安全日志，经常的分析日志可以了解服务器的硬件状况，性能以及安全，从而采取预防措施及时纠正任务。通常情况下，日志被分散到不同的存储设备上，而企业内部的服务器，少则十几台多则成千上百，如果采取最传统的方式登录每台服务器进行查看，对运维来说难度大劳动强度也大，而且不易管理容易出错不易管理，所以需要一个进行集中化管理日志的解决方案。
开源实时日志分析平台 ELK 是ELK套件（ELK stack）是指ElasticSearch、Logstash和Kibana三件套。这三个软件可以组成一套日志分析和监控工具。
Elasticsearch是个开源分布式搜索引擎，它的特点有：分布式，零配置，自动发现，索引自动分片，索引副本机制，restful风格接口，多数据源，自动搜索负载等。
Logstash是一个完全开源的工具，他可以对你的日志进行收集、过滤，并将其存储供以后使用（如，搜索）。
Kibana 也是一个开源和免费的工具，它Kibana可以为 Logstash 和 ElasticSearch 提供的日志分析友好的 Web 界面，可以帮助您汇总、分析和搜索重要数据日志。
http://s2.运维网.com/wyfs02/M02/7E/55/wKiom1b8nwzBEpTFAADltttSCTk049.png
如图：Logstash收集AppServer产生的Log，并存放到ElasticSearch集群中，而Kibana则从ES集群中查询数据生成图表，再返回给Browser。
（一）ELK平台搭建准备
1.1 平台环境：
OS:CentOS release 6.4(Final)
ElasticSearch:2.2.1
Logstash:2.2.2
Kibana:4.4.2
JRE:1.8.2
注：由于Logstash的运行依赖于Java环境， 而Logstash 1.5以上版本不低于java 1.7，因此推荐使用最新版本的Java。因为我们只需要Java的运行环境，所以可以只安装JRE，不过这里我依然使用JDK
1.2 ELK下载：https://www.elastic.co/downloads/
由于三个软件各自的版本号太多，建议采用ElasticSearch官网推荐的搭配组。具体下载如下图一图二：
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/7E/55/wKiom1b8pBXBMpk4AAGXAzLqQl8724.png
图一
http://s4.运维网.com/wyfs02/M00/7E/55/wKiom1b8o9XwaqplAAHDeVLefoY110.png
图二
直接下载或使用linux自带的下载工具wget进行下载
1，wget https://download.elasticsearch.org/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/distribution/tar/elasticsearch/2.2.1/elasticsearch-2.2.1.tar.gz
2,wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/logstash-2.2.2.tar.gz
3,wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.4.2-linux-x64.tar.gz
1.3防火墙的配置：建议最好关闭本机防火墙iptables
# service iptables stop
# chkconfig iptables off
# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
(二)安装部署ELK平台
2.1安装部署jdk(具体可以参考http://liqingbiao.blog.运维网.com/3044896/1734612)
# wget http://sdlc-esd.oracle.com/ESD6/JSCDL/jdk/8u77-b03/jre-8u77-linux-i586.rpm?GroupName=JSC&FilePath=/ESD6/JSCDL/jdk/8u77-b03/jre-8u77-linux-i586.rpm&BHost=javadl.sun.com&File=jre-8u77-linux-i586.rpm&AuthParam=1459403700_48ef84d5bcfce1580a2e5eac12bb9eb3&ext=.rpm
# rpm -ivh jdk-8u51-linux-x64.rpm
Preparing... ###########################################
1:jdk1.8.0_51 ###########################################
Unpacking JAR files...
rt.jar...
jsse.jar...
charsets.jar...
tools.jar...
localedata.jar...
jfxrt.jar...
plugin.jar...
javaws.jar...
deploy.jar...
# vi /etc/profile
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
pathmunge () {
case ":${PATH}:" in
*:"$1":*)
;;
*)
if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
PATH=$PATH:$1
else
PATH=$1:$PATH
fi
esac
}
"/etc/profile" 78L, 1796C
# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then
umask 002
else
umask 022
fi
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r "$i" ]; then
if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
. "$i"
else
. "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
fi
done
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_51
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:.:$CLASSPATH# java -version
java version "1.8.0_51"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_51-b16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.51-b03, mixed mode) 2.2安装Logstash具体步骤如下：
Logstash的功能如下：
http://s5.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/7E/52/wKioL1b8vPHQrAvpAACW5CZlC_g345.png
其实它就是一个收集器而已，我们需要为它指定Input和Output（当然Input和Output可以为多个）。由于我们需要把Java代码中Log4j的日志输出到ElasticSearch中，因此这里的Input就是Log4j，而Output就是ElasticSearch。
（1）安装Logstash
# tar zxvf logstash-2.2.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# mv logstash-2.2.2/ logstash （2）测试Logstash,如下显示正确
# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -e 'input { stdin { } } output { stdout {} }'
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Logstash startup completed
hello world
2016-03-31T06:03:54.447Z zabbix.com hello world
how are you
2016-03-31T06:04:09.225Z zabbix.com how are you （3）创建logstash配置文件目录
# mkdir /usr/local/logstash/etc/
# vim logstash-simple.conf
input { stdin { } }
output {
elasticsearch {hosts => "192.168.1.245" }
stdout { codec=> rubydebug }
} Logstash使用input和output定义收集日志时的输入和输出的相关配置，本例中input定义了一个叫"stdin"的input，output定义一个叫"stdout"的output。无论我们输入什么字符,Logstash都会按照某种格式来返回我们输入的字符，其中output被定义为"stdout"并使用了codec参数来指定logstash输出格式。
（4）对logstash进行测试
# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/etc/logstash-test.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Logstash startup completed
hello world
{
"message" => "hello world",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2016-03-31T08:20:00.736Z",
"host" => "zabbix.com"
}
2.3安装Elasticsearch
(1)安装Elasticsearch.必须注意不能使用root账户，要使用普通用户本文以appuser用户进行测试。
# tar zxvf elasticsearch-2.2.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
#su appuser
$ mv elasticsearch-2.2.1/ elasticsearch
$chown -R appuser.appuser /usr/local/elasticsearch/
$ ./bin/plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head
-> Installing mobz/elasticsearch-head...
Trying https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/archive/master.zip ...
Downloading ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................DONE
Verifying https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/archive/master.zip checksums if available ...
NOTE: Unable to verify checksum for downloaded plugin (unable to find .sha1 or .md5 file to verify)
Installed head into /usr/local/elasticsearch/plugins/head
$ ls plugins/
head
$ mkdir /tmp/elasticsearch/data
$ mkdir /tmp/elasticsearch/logs
$ ll /tmp/elasticsearch/
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 appuser appuser 4096 Mar 31 14:39 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 appuser appuser 4096 Mar 31 14:40 logs （2)编辑Elasticsearch配置文件
$vim config/elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: cluster-test
node.name: node-1
path.data: /tmp/elasticsearch/data
path.logs: /tmp/elasticsearch/logs
network.host: 192.168.1.245
http.port: 9200 （3）启动Elasticsearch
$ ./bin/elasticsearch & ## -d或&以后代的方式进行启动
unable to install syscall filter: seccomp unavailable: CONFIG_SECCOMP not compiled into kernel, CONFIG_SECCOMP and CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER are needed
version, pid, build
initializing ...
modules , plugins , sites
using data paths, mounts [[/ (/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root)]], net usable_space , net total_space , spins? , types
heap size , compressed ordinary object pointers
max file descriptors for elasticsearch process likely too low, consider increasing to at least
initialized
starting ...
publish_address {192.168.1.245:9300}, bound_addresses {192.168.1.245:9300}
cluster/X3c1h32aTxqRrc1IHoLWGQ
new_master {node-1}{X3c1h32aTxqRrc1IHoLWGQ}{192.168.1.245}{192.168.1.245:9300}, reason: zen-disco-join(elected_as_master, joins received)
publish_address {192.168.1.245:9200}, bound_addresses {192.168.1.245:9200}
started
recovered indices into cluster_statehttp://s5.运维网.com/wyfs02/M02/7E/57/wKiom1b8yRnzz2HPAAGnuv_aQ_0412.png出现标红的即为正常，传输端口为9300接受http请求的端口为9200，按ctrl+C停止，加-d或&以后台的方式进行启动Elasticsearch
(4)验证启动:验证启动有两种方式：一种通过本机进行访问，另一种通过浏览器进行访问，接下来一一介绍。
方法一：
$ ps -ef|grep elasticsearch
appuser 9705 1 91 14:55 pts/1 00:00:07 /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_51/bin/java -Xms256m -Xmx1g -Djava.awt.headless=true -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75 -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Djna.nosys=true -Des.path.home=/usr/local/elasticsearch -cp /usr/local/elasticsearch/lib/elasticsearch-2.2.1.jar:/usr/local/elasticsearch/lib/* org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch start -d
appuser 976069900 14:55 pts/1 00:00:00 grep elasticsearch
$ netstat -lntp|grep :9200
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.1.245:9200 :::*
$curl 'http://192.168.1.245:9200/_search?pretty' {
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 0,
"successful" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 0,
"max_score" : 0.0,
"hits" : [ ]
}
}
方法二：通过浏览器访问：
http://s5.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/7E/53/wKioL1b8zLfBB7ffAABKXWRzS3I811.png
(5）创建Elasticsearch索引
a,由于刚刚安装了head插件，它是一个用浏览器跟Elasticsearch交互的插件，可以查看集群状态，集群的内容，执行搜索和普通 的rest请求等，可以通过：IP:9200/_plugin/head页面进行查看集群状态：
http://s1.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/7E/57/wKiom1b8zVeT0r-bAABW7Ldvqws441.png
b,点击索引，进行创建
http://s3.运维网.com/wyfs02/M00/7E/58/wKiom1b81sCgh6AbAADq2nIInXM152.png
2.4安装Kibana
(1)安装Kibana
# tar zxvf kibana-4.4.2-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# mv kibana-4.4.2-linux-x64/ kibana
(2）配置kibana
# cd kibana/
# vim config/kibana.yml
# Kibana is served by a back end server. This setting specifies the port to use.
server.port: 5601
# This setting specifies the IP address of the back end server.
server.host: "192.168.1.245"
# Enables you to specify a path to mount Kibana at if you are running behind a proxy. This setting
# cannot end in a slash.
# server.basePath: ""
# The maximum payload size in bytes for incoming server requests.
# server.maxPayloadBytes: 1048576
# The URL of the Elasticsearch instance to use for all your queries.
elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.1.245:9200"
# When this setting’s value is true Kibana uses the hostname specified in the server.host
# setting. When the value of this setting is false, Kibana uses the hostname of the host
# that connects to this Kibana instance.
# elasticsearch.preserveHost: true
# Kibana uses an index in Elasticsearch to store saved searches, visualizations and
# dashboards. Kibana creates a new index if the index doesn’t already exist.
kibana.index: ".kibana"
# The default application to load.
# kibana.defaultAppId: "discover" 把以下注释放开，使配置起作用。
server.port: 5601
server.host: “192.168.1.245”
elasticsearch.url: http://192.168.1.245:9200
kibana.index: “.kibana”
（3）启动Kibana并进行测试访问
# ./bin/kibana
log Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
log Status changed from uninitialized to yellow - Waiting for Elasticsearch
log Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
log Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
log Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
log Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
log Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
log Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
log Server running at http://192.168.1.245:5601
log Status changed from yellow to yellow - No existing Kibana index found
log Status changed from yellow to green - Kibana index ready 查看启动没有报错，可以通过192.168.1.245:5601在浏览器进行访问了。
使用http://kibanaServerIP：5601访问Kibana，登录后，首先，配置一个索引，默认，Kibana的数据被指向Elasticsearch，使用默认的logstash-*的索引名称，并且是基于时间的，点击“Create”即可。
http://s2.运维网.com/wyfs02/M00/7E/58/wKiom1b81wXSN4jfAAFpKYBVpo8274.png
看到如下界面说明索引创建完成
http://s5.运维网.com/wyfs02/M01/7E/54/wKioL1b830jyS4c5AADKcykpAIU457.png
至此ELK平台部署完成。
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