论坛 › ELK › ELK搭建以及使用大全

jiang1799 发表于 2019-1-28 10:42:21

ELK搭建以及使用大全

ELK搭建文档
　　环境准备
系统：Centos6.8
ip: 192.168.137.52node1
192.168.137.48node2
　　# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.137.48node2
192.168.137.52node1
node1同上操作步骤
　　elk准备环境俩台完全相同
一．elasticsearch安装
# rpm --import https://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
添加yum源
# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/elasticsearch.repo

name=Elasticsearch repository for 2.x packages
baseurl=http://packages.elastic.co/elasticsearch/2.x/centos
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
1.安装elasticsearch
# yum install -y elasticsearch
2.logstash
下载并安装GPG key
# rpm --import https://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
添加yum源
# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/logstash.repo

name=Logstash repository for 2.1.x packages
baseurl=http://packages.elastic.co/logstash/2.1/centos
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
3.安装logstash
# yum install -y logstash
4.安装kibana
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.3.1-linux-x64.tar.gz
# tar zxf kibana-4.3.1-linux-x64.tar.gz
# mv kibana-4.3.1-linux-x64 /usr/local/
# ln -s /usr/local/kibana-4.3.1-linux-x64/ /usr/local/kibana
5.安装Redis，nginx和java
# yum install epel-release -y
# yum install -y redis nginx java
二.配置管理 elasticsearch
配置node1的elasticsearch,并授权
# grep -n '^' /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
17:cluster.name: check-cluster      #判别节点是否是统一集群
23:node.name: node1             #节点的hostname
33:path.data: /data/es-data      #数据存放路径
37:path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch/      #日志路径
43:bootstrap.memory_lock: true   #锁住内存，使内存不会再swap中使用
54:network.host: 0.0.0.0            #允许访问的ip
58:http.port: 9200               #端口
# mkdir -p/data/es-data
# chownelasticsearch.elasticsearch /data/es-data/
# /etc/init.d/elasticsearch start
# chkconfig elasticsearch on
# netstat -lntup|grep 9200
tcp      0      0 :::9200   :::*               LISTEN      2443/java
访问 ip+9200端口就显示出信息，如果不行检查防火墙是否放通9200，例如：
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/a967bd2730cdaadfe896c96293c1e222.png
elasticsearch进行交互，使用restful apj进行交互，查看当前索引和分片情况，稍后会有插件表示，如下：
# curl -i -XGET 'http://192.168.137.52:9200/_count?pretty' -d '{

　　"query" {
"match_all": {}
}
}'

　　HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 95
{
"count" : 0,         #索引0个
"_shards" : {      #分区0个
"total" : 0,         
"successful" : 0,   #成功0个
"failed" : 0          #失败0个
}
}
使用head插件显示索引和分片情况
#/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head
在插件中添加一个index-demo/test的索引，提交请求 
http://192.168.137.52:9200/_plugin/head/
点击复合索引 在下方第二行写上index_demo/test 索引 ，空白出填写输出信息，如下：
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/381464d2a4b66d58b5f2e25ba158ae47.png
发送一个GET（当然可以使用其他类型请求）请求，查询上述索引id填写在索引行的类型后面，选择get，提交请求
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/b5e8adcf98670774aacd95d1d94ca1ad.png
在基本查询中查看所建索引 ，点击基本查询，点击搜素，就会信息信息
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/6dc582177796b76f6ad037154c37f6e7.png
三．管理node2的elasticsearch
将node1的配置文件拷贝到node2中,并修改配置文件node.name并授权 
配置文件中cluster.name的名字一定要一致，当集群内节点启动的时候，默认使用组播（多播），寻找集群中的节点
root@node1 ~]# scp /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml 192.168.137.48:/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
# grep -n '^' /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
17:cluster.name: check-cluster
23:node.name: node2
33:path.data: /data/es-data
37:path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch/
43:bootstrap.memory_lock: true
54:network.host: 0.0.0.0
58:http.port: 9200
# mkdir -p /data/es-data
# chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /data/es-data/
启动elasticsearch
# /etc/init.d/elasticsearch start
#chkconfig elasticsearch on
在node2配置中添加如下内容，使用单播模式(尝试了使用组播，但是不生效)
# grep -n "^discovery" /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
68:discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node1", "node2"]
# grep -n "^discovery" /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
68:discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node1", "node2"]
# /etc/init.d/elasticsearch restart
# /etc/init.d/elasticsearch restart
在浏览器中查看分片信息，一个索引默认被分成了5个分片，每份数据被分成了五个分片（可以调节分片数量），下图中外围带绿色框的为主分片，不带框的为副本分片，主分片丢失，副本分片会复制一份成为主分片，起到了高可用的作用，主副分片也可以使用负载均衡加快查询速度，但是如果主副本分片都丢失，则索引就是彻底丢失。
http://192.168.137.52:9200/_plugin/head/
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/d564f5de473363c6425264b1e4e0eefa.png
使用kopf插件监控elasticsearch
http://192.168.137.52:9200/_plugin/kopf/#!/cluster
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/e6eb78dfd7fdeff002692306fc77e5b6.png
# /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/plugin install lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf
点击nodes，从下图可以看出节点的负载，cpu适应情况，java对内存的使用（heap usage），磁盘使用，启动时间 
http://192.168.137.52:9200/_plugin/kopf/#!/nodes
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/3a29ba7cdac4af2877f5d1e2c56520a0.png
除此之外，kopf插件还提供了REST API 等，类似kopf插件的还有bigdesk，但是bigdesk目前还不支持2.1!！！安装bigdesk的方法如下
# /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/plugin install hlstudio/bigdesk
http://192.168.137.52:9200/_plugin/bigdesk/
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/a0464740a809a2c8cc4ab26c021573d8.png
四.配置logstash
启动一个logstash,-e：在命令行执行；input输入，stdin标准输入，是一个插件；output输出，stdout：标准输出
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output { stdout{} }'
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N
Settings: Default filter workers: 1
Logstash startup completed
check      #输入
2018-05-22T12:43:12.064Z node1 check       #自动输出
www.baidu.com                              #输入
2018-05-22T12:43:27.696Z node1 www.baidu.com       #输出
使用rubudebug显示详细输出，codec为一种编×××
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output { stdout{ codec => rubydebug} }'
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N
Settings: Default filter workers: 1
Logstash startup completed
check               #输入
{
"message" => "check",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-05-22T12:50:07.161Z",
"host" => "node1"
}
上述每一条输出的内容称为一个事件，多个相同的输出的内容合并到一起称为一个事件（举例：日志中连续相同的日志输出称为一个事件）！ 
使用logstash将信息写入到elasticsearch
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output { elasticsearch { hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"] } }'
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N
Settings: Default filter workers: 1
Logstash startup completed
maliang
check
baidu.com
www.baidu.com
在elasticsearch中查看logstash新加的索引 
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/297dd3c0cfa3f6cbe45ad57e0d06b9b8.png
在elasticsearch中写一份，同时在本地输出一份，也就是在本地保留一份文本文件，也就不用在elasticsearch中再定时备份到远端一份了。此处使用的保留文本文件三大优势：1）文本最简单 2）文本可以二次加工 3）文本的压缩比最高
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output { elasticsearch { hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"] } stdout{ codec => rubydebug } }'
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N
Settings: Default filter workers: 1
Logstash startup completed
www.google.com
{
"message" => "www.google.com",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-05-22T13:03:48.940Z",
"host" => "node1"
}
www.elastic.co
{
"message" => "www.elastic.co",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-05-22T13:04:06.880Z",
"host" => "node1"
}
#使用logstash启动一个配置文件，会在elasticsearch中写一份
# vim normal.conf
# cat normal.conf
input { stdin { } }
output {
elasticsearch { hosts => ["localhost:9200"] }
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}
　　# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f normal.conf
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N
Settings: Default filter workers: 1
Logstash startup completed
123            #输入
{
"message" => "123",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2018-05-22T13:33:38.994Z",
"host" => "node1"
}
学习编写conf格式
输入插件配置，此处以file为例，可以设置多个
input {
file {
path => "/var/log/messages"
type => "syslog"
}
　　file {
path => "/var/log/apache/access.log"
type => "apache"
}
}
介绍几种收集文件的方式，可以使用数组方式或者用匹配，也可以写多个path
path => ["/var/log/messages","/var/log/.log"]
path => ["/data/mysql/mysql.log"]
设置boolean值
ssl_enable => true
文件大小单位
my_bytes => "1113"   # 1113 bytes
my_bytes => "10MiB"# 10485760 bytes
my_bytes => "100kib" # 102400 bytes
my_bytes => "180 mb" # 180000000 bytes
jason收集 
codec => “json”
hash收集
match => {
"field1" => "value1"
"field2" => "value2"
...
}
端口
port =>33
密码
my_password =>"password"
收集系统日志的conf
通过input和output插件编写conf文件
# cat system.conf
input {
file {
path => "/var/log/messages"
type => "system"
start_position => "beginning"
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"]
index => "system-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
点击数据浏览就看到
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/b1129a742be1398e4513c282d0b7554b.png
收集elasticsearch的error日志
此处把上个system日志和这个error（java程序日志）日志，放在一起。使用if判断，两种日志分别写到不同索引中.此处的type（固定的就是type，不可更改）不可以和日志格式的任何一个域（可以理解为字段）的名称重复，也就是说日志的域不可以有type这个名称
# cat all.conf
input {
file {
path => "/var/log/messages"
type => "system"
start_position => "beginning"
}
file {
path => "/var/log/elasticsearch/check-cluster.log"
type => "es-error"
start_position => "beginning"
}
}
output {

if == "system" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"]
index => "system-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if == "es-error" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"]
index => "es-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
　　}
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/36fda91939a1a9e504360360b1d998bc.png
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/cf1eed07b8bc2921637c26066b0dc76d.png
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/4f14a4d6bac6be30db369c1b19cdcd40.png
　　把多行整个报错收集到一个事件中，举例说明
以at.org开头的内容都属于同一个事件，但是显示在不同行，这样的日志格式看起来很不方便，所以需要把他们合并到一个事件中，引入codec的multiline插件
官方文档提供
input {
stdin {
codec => multiline {
pattern => "pattern, a regexp"negate => "true" or "false"what => "previous" or "next"
}
}
}
regrxp：使用正则，什么情况下把多行合并起来 
negate:正向匹配和反向匹配 
what:合并到当前行还是下一行 
在标准输入和标准输出中测试以证明多行收集到一个日志成功
# cat muliline.conf
input {
stdin {
codec => multiline {
pattern => "^["
negate => true
what => "previous"
}
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => "rubydebug"
}
}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f muliline.conf
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N
Settings: Default filter workers: 1
Logstash startup completed
[1
[2
{
"@timestamp" => "2018-05-22T15:53:07.756Z",
"message" => "[1",
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "node1"
}
[3
{
"@timestamp" => "2018-05-22T15:53:14.942Z",
"message" => "[2",
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "node1"
}
继续将上述实验结果放到all.conf的es-error索引中
# cat all.conf
input {
file {
path => "/var/log/messages"
type => "system"
start_position => "beginning"
}

file {
path => "/var/log/elasticsearch/check-cluster.log"
type => "es-error"
start_position => "beginning"
codec => multiline {
pattern => "^\["
negate => true
what => "previous"
}
}
　　}
output {

if == "system" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"]
index => "system-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if == "es-error" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"]
index => "es-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
　　}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f all.conf
五.熟悉kibana
编辑kibana配置文件使其生效
# vim /usr/local/kibana/config/kibana.yml
# grep '^' /usr/local/kibana/config/kibana.yml
server.port: 5601             #端口
server.host: "0.0.0.0"          #开启对外服务主机ip
elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.137.52:9200"   #填写浏览器访问elasticsearch的url
kibana.index: ".kibana"                         #在elasticsearch中添加.kibana索引
# screen
# /usr/local/kibana/bin/kibana
使用crtl +a+d退出screen
使用浏览器打开192.168.137.52:5601
验证logstash的muliline插件生效，在kibana中添加一个logstash索引,如果添加索引后，discover现在不了，删除新建索引，重新添加索引，并把前面俩个√都去掉就行了
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/0746d2c37a5465a483659ae2eab5dec8.png
可以看到默认的字段
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/f7cb0b31ba77507d6659549cc7fc5c9e.png
选择discover查看 
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/016002cbcba07eae4d95120477596994.png
logstash收集nginx、syslog和tcp日志
收集nginx的访问日志
在这里使用codec的json插件将日志的域进行分段，使用key-value的方式，使日志格式更清晰，易于搜索，还可以降低cpu的负载 
更改nginx的配置文件的日志格式，使用json
# sed -n '19,37p' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
log_formatmain'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
log_format json '{ "@timestamp": "$time_local", '
'"@fields": { '
'"remote_addr": "$remote_addr", '
'"remote_user": "$remote_user", '
'"body_bytes_sent": "$body_bytes_sent", '
'"request_time": "$request_time", '
'"status": "$status", '
'"request": "$request", '
'"request_method": "$request_method", '
'"http_referrer": "$http_referer", '
'"body_bytes_sent":"$body_bytes_sent", '
'"http_x_forwarded_for": "$http_x_forwarded_for", '
'"http_user_agent": "$http_user_agent" } }';
　　access_log/var/log/nginx/access.logjson;
# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# service nginx restart
# netstat -ntupl |grep nginx
tcp      0      0 0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:                   LISTEN      4091/nginx         
tcp      0      0 :::80                     :::                        LISTEN      4091/nginx
日志格式显示如下：
浏览器输入：192.168.137.52 连续刷新就有日志出现
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/3d12dff368bd84755a1f81c8dd446bb8.png
使用logstash将nginx访问日志收集起来，继续写到all.conf中
# cat all.conf
input {
file {
path => "/var/log/messages"
type => "system"
start_position => "beginning"
}

file {
path => "/var/log/elasticsearch/check-cluster.log"
type => "es-error"
start_position => "beginning"
codec => multiline {
pattern => "^\["
negate => true
what => "previous"
}
}
file {
path => "/var/log/nginx/access_json.log"
codec => json
start_position => "beginning"
type => "nginx-log"
}
　　}
output {

if == "system" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"]
index => "system-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if == "es-error" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"]
index => "es-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if == "nginx-log" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"]
index => "nginx-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
　　}
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/68fe0d7f3bdf842ec0ac3b68f37bc899.png
将nginx-log加入kibana中并显示 
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/68ad6b16b222eb72207ff5382ef6c0a0.png
收集系统syslog日志，前文中已经使用文件file的形式收集了系统日志/var/log/messages，但是实际生产环境是需要使用syslog插件直接收集 ，修改syslog的配置文件，把日志信息发送到514端口上
# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
. @@192.168.137.52:514
# /etc/init.d/rsyslog restart
# cat all.conf
input {
syslog {
type => "system-syslog"
host => "192.168.137.52"
port => "514"
}
file {
path => "/var/log/messages"
type => "system"
start_position => "beginning"
}

file {
path => "/var/log/elasticsearch/check-cluster.log"
type => "es-error"
start_position => "beginning"
codec => multiline {
pattern => "^\["
negate => true
what => "previous"
}
}
file {
path => "/var/log/nginx/access_json.log"
codec => json
start_position => "beginning"
type => "nginx-log"
}
　　}
output {

if == "system" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"]
index => "system-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if == "es-error" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"]
index => "es-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if == "nginx-log" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"]
index => "nginx-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if == "system-syslog" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.137.52:9200"]
index => "system-syslog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}

　　}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f all.conf
在elasticsearch插件中就可见到增加的system-syslog索引 
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/24/1cfae90cfe644937391a6e666f6a93b5.png
使用redis收集logstash的信息，修改redis的配置文件并启动redis
# vim /etc/redis.conf
bind 192.168.137.52
daemonize yes
# /etc/init.d/redis start
# netstat -ntupl|grep redis
tcp      0      0 192.168.137.52:6379         0.0.0.0:                   LISTEN      5031/redis-server 1
编写redis.conf
# cat redis-out.conf
input{
stdin{
}
}
output{
redis{
host => "192.168.137.52"
port => "6379"
db => "6"
data_type => "list"# 数据类型为list
key => "demo"
}
}
启动配置文件输入信息
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f redis-out.conf
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N
Settings: Default filter workers: 1
Logstash startup completed
check
www.uc123.com
使用redis-cli连接到redis并查看输入的信息
# redis-cli -h 192.168.137.52
192.168.137.52:6379> select 6
OK
192.168.137.52:6379> keys
1) "demo"
192.168.137.52:6379> keys *
1) "demo"
192.168.137.52:6379> lindex demo -2"{\"message\":\"check\",\"@version\":\"1\",\"@timestamp\":\"2018-05-24T00:15:25.758Z\",\"host\":\"node1\"}"br/>"{\"message\":\"www.uc123.com\",\"@version\":\"1\",\"@timestamp\":\"2018-05-24T00:15:31.878Z\",\"host\":\"node1\"}"

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