CEPH块存储管理
一、检查CEPH和集群各参数1、检查ceph安装状态：
命令：ceph –s 或者 ceph status(显示结果一样)
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# ceph -s
cluster 2f54214e-b6aa-44a4-910c-52442795b037
health HEALTH_OK
monmap e1: 1 mons at {node1=192.168.2.13:6789/0}, election epoch 1,quorum 0 node1
osdmap e56: 5 osds: 5 up, 5 in
pgmap v289: 192 pgs, 3 pools, 70988 kB data, 26 objects
376 MB used, 134 GB / 134 GB avail
192 active+clean
2、检查集群健康状态：
命令：ceph –w
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# ceph -w
cluster 2f54214e-b6aa-44a4-910c-52442795b037
health HEALTH_OK
monmap e1: 1 mons at {node1=192.168.2.13:6789/0}, election epoch 1,quorum 0 node1
osdmap e56: 5 osds: 5 up, 5 in
pgmap v289: 192 pgs, 3 pools, 70988 kB data, 26 objects
376 MB used, 134 GB / 134 GB avail
192 active+clean
2016-09-08 09:40:18.084097 mon.0 pgmap v323: 192 pgs: 192active+clean; 8 bytes data, 182 MB used, 134 GB / 134 GB avail
3、检查cephmonitor仲裁状态
命令：ceph quorum_status --formatjson-pretty
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# ceph quorum_status --formatjson-pretty
{ "election_epoch": 1,
"quorum": [
0],
"quorum_names": [
"node1"],
"quorum_leader_name": "node1",
"monmap": { "epoch": 1,
"fsid": "2f54214e-b6aa-44a4-910c-52442795b037",
"modified": "0.000000",
"created": "0.000000",
"mons": [
{ "rank": 0,
"name":"node1",
"addr":"192.168.2.13:6789\/0"}]}}
4、导出cephmonitor信息
命令：ceph mon dump
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# ceph mon dump
dumped monmap epoch 1
epoch 1
fsid 2f54214e-b6aa-44a4-910c-52442795b037
last_changed 0.000000
created 0.000000
0: 192.168.2.13:6789/0 mon.node1
5、检查集群使用状态
命令：ceph df
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# ceph df
GLOBAL:
SIZE AVAIL RAW USED %RAW USED
134G 134G 376M 0.27
POOLS:
NAME ID USED %USED MAX AVAIL OBJECTS
data 0 0 0 45882M 0
metadata 1 0 0 45882M 0
rbd 2 70988k 0.05 45882M 26
6、检查ceph monitor、osd和pg(配置组)状态
命令：ceph mon stat、ceph osd stat、ceph pg stat
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# ceph mon stat
e1: 1 mons at {node1=192.168.2.13:6789/0}, election epoch 1, quorum0 node1
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# ceph osd stat
osdmap e56: 5 osds: 5 up, 5 in
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# ceph pg stat
v289: 192 pgs: 192 active+clean; 70988 kB data, 376 MB used, 134 GB/ 134 GB avail
7、列表PG
命令：ceph pg dump
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# ceph pg dump
dumped all in format plain
version 289
stamp 2016-09-08 08:44:35.249418
last_osdmap_epoch 56
last_pg_scan 1
full_ratio 0.95
nearfull_ratio 0.85
http://blog.运维网.com/e/u261/themes/default/images/spacer.gif
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8、列表ceph存储池
命令：ceph osd lspools
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# ceph osd lspools
0 data,1 metadata,2 rbd,
9、检查OSD的CRUSH map
命令：ceph osd tree
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# ceph osd tree
# id weight type name up/down reweight
-10.15 root default
-20.06 host node2
0 0.03 osd.0 up 1
3 0.03 osd.3 up 1
-30.06 host node3
1 0.03 osd.1 up 1
4 0.03 osd.4 up 1
-40.03 host node1
2 0.03 osd.2 up 1
10、列表群集的认证秘钥：
命令：ceph auth list
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# ceph auth list
installed auth entries:
osd.0
key:AQCM089X8OHnIhAAnOnRZMuyHVcXa6cnbU2kCw==
caps: allow profile osd
caps: allow *
osd.1
key:AQCU089X0KSCIRAAZ3sAKh+Fb1EYV/ROkBd5mA==
caps: allow profile osd
caps: allow *
osd.2
key:AQAb1c9XWIuxEBAA3PredgloaENDaCIppxYTbw==
caps: allow profile osd
caps: allow *
osd.3
key:AQBF1c9XuBOpMBAAx8ELjaH0b1qwqKNwM17flA==
caps: allow profile osd
caps: allow *
osd.4
key:AQBc1c9X4LXCEBAAcq7UVTayMo/e5LBykmZZKg==
caps: allow profile osd
caps: allow *
client.admin
key:AQAd089XMI14FRAAdcm/woybc8fEA6dH38AS6g==
caps: allow
caps: allow *
caps: allow *
client.bootstrap-mds
key:AQAd089X+GahIhAAgC+1MH1v0enAGzKZKUfblg==
caps: allow profile bootstrap-mds
client.bootstrap-osd
key: AQAd089X8B5wHBAAnrM0MQK3to1iBitDzk+LYA==
caps: allow profile bootstrap-osd
二、块存储高级管理
1、创建块设备
命令：rbd create {image-name} --size{megabytes} --pool {pool-name} --image-format 2
注意：--image-format 2 用于指定format类型为2，不加则默认为1类型，保护快照功能仅支持2类型。1类型为淘汰类型，一般用2类型，这里演示用
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# rbd create zhangbo --size 2048--pool rbd
2、列出块设备
命令：rbd ls {pool-name}
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# rbd ls rbd
zhangbo
3、检索块信息
命令：rbd –image {image-name } info
rbd info {image-name}
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# rbd --image zhangboinfo
rbd image 'zhangbo':
size 2048 MB in 512 objects
order 22 (4096 kB objects)
block_name_prefix: rb.0.5e56.2ae8944a
format: 1
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# rbd info zhangbo
rbd image 'zhangbo':
size 2048 MB in 512 objects
order 22 (4096 kB objects)
block_name_prefix: rb.0.5e56.2ae8944a
format: 1
4、更改块大小
命令：rbd resize –image {image-name}–size {megabytes}
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# rbd resize --image zhangbo--size 4096
Resizing image: 100% complete...done.
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# rbd info zhangbo
rbd image 'zhangbo':
size 4096 MB in 1024 objects
order 22 (4096 kB objects)
block_name_prefix: rb.0.5e56.2ae8944a
format: 1
5、删除块设备
命令：rbd rm {image-name}
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# rbd rm zhangbo
Removing image: 100% complete...done.
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# rbd ls
6、映射块设备：
命令：rbd map {image-name} –pool{pool-name} –id {user-name}
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# rbd map zhangbo --pool rbd --idadmin
7、查看已映射块设备
命令：rbd showmapped
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# rbd showmapped
id pool image snapdevice
0rbdzhangbo - /dev/rbd0
8、取消映射：
命令：rbd unmap/dev/rbd/{pool-name}/{image-name}
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# rbd unmap /dev/rbd/rbd/zhangbo
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# rbd showmapped
9、格式化：
命令：mkfs.ext4 /dev/rbd0
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# mkfs.ext4 /dev/rbd0
mke2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
Discarding device blocks: 完成
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=1024 blocks, Stripe width=1024 blocks
262144 inodes, 1048576 blocks
52428 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824
32 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912,819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
10、挂载
命令：mount /dev/rbd0 /mnt/{文件夹名}
示例：
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# mount /dev/rbd0/mnt/ceph-zhangbo/
root@node1:/home/ceph/ceph-cluster# df -h
文件系统 容量已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
udev 989M4.0K 989M 1% /dev
tmpfs 201M1.1M 200M 1% /run
/dev/sda5 19G4.0G14G 23% /
none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 1001M 76K 1001M 1% /run/shm
none 100M 32K 100M 1% /run/user
/dev/sda1 9.3G 60M 8.8G 1% /boot
/dev/sda6 19G67M 18G 1% /home
/dev/sdc1 27G169M27G 1% /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-2
/dev/rbd0 3.9G8.0M 3.6G 1% /mnt/ceph-zhangbo
11、设置开机自动挂载（开机CEPH自动map和mount rbd块设备）
vim /etc/ceph/rbdmap
{poolname}/{imagename} id=client,keyring=/etc/ceph/ceph.client.keyring
rbd/zhangbo id=admin,keyring=/etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
vim /etc/fstab
/dev/rbd/rbd/zhangbo /mnt/ceph-zhangbo xfs defaults,noatime,_netdev
12、块扩容
命令：rbd resize rbd/zhangbo –size 4096
rbd resize –image zhangbo –size 4096
支持文件系统在线扩容：resize2fs /dev/rbd0
13、使用块设备完整操作流程：
1、rbd createzhangbo --size 2048 --pool rbd
2、rbd mapzhangbo --pool rbd --id admin
3、mkfs.ext4/dev/rbd0
4、mount/dev/rbd0 /mnt/ceph-zhangbo/
5、设置开机自动挂载
6、文件系统在线扩容
rbd resize rbd/zhangbo --size 2048
resize2fs /dev/rbd0
7、umount/mnt/ceph-zhangbo
8、rbd unmap/dev/rbd/rbd/zhangbo
9、删除开机自动挂载添加的内容
10、rbd rmzhangbo
三、快照和克隆
1、创建快照：
命令：rbd –pool {pool-name} snapcreate –snap {snap-name} {image-name}
rbd snap create{pool-name}/{image-name}@{snap-name}
示例：
root@node1:~# rbdsnap create rbd/zhangbo@zhangbo_snap
root@node1:~# rbdsnap ls rbd/zhangbo
SNAPID NAME SIZE
2zhangbo_snap 1024 MB
2、快照回滚
命令：rbd –pool {pool-name}snap sellback –snap {snap-name} {iname-name}
rbd snap rollback{pool-name}/{image-name}@{snap-name}
示例：
root@node1:~# rbdsnap rollback rbd/zhangbo@zhangbo_snap
Rolling back tosnapshot: 100% complete...done.
3、清除快照（删除该块设备下所有的快照）
命令：rbd –pool{pool-name} snap purge {image-name}
rbd snap purge{pool-name}/{image-name}
示例：
root@node1:~# rbdsnap ls rbd/zhangbo
SNAPID NAME SIZE
2zhangbo_snap1024 MB
3zhangbo_snap1 1024 MB
4zhangbo_snap2 1024 MB
5zhangbo_snap3 1024 MB
root@node1:~# rbdsnap purge rbd/zhangbo
Removing allsnapshots: 100% complete...done.
root@node1:~# rbdsnap ls rbd/zhangbo
root@node1:~#
4、删除快照（删除指定快照）
命令：rbd snap rm{pool-name}/{image-name}@(snap-name)
示例：
root@node1:~# rbdsnap ls rbd/zhangbo
SNAPID NAME SIZE
10 zhangbo_snap1 1024 MB
11 zhangbo_snap2 1024 MB
12 zhangbo_snap3 1024 MB
root@node1:~# rbdsnap rm rbd/zhangbo@zhangbo_snap2
root@node1:~# rbdsnap ls rbd/zhangbo
SNAPID NAME SIZE
10 zhangbo_snap1 1024 MB
12 zhangbo_snap31024 MB
5、列出快照：
命令：rbd –pool{pool-name} snap ls {image-name}
rbd snap ls{pool-name}/{image-name}
示例：
root@node1:~# rbdsnap ls rbd/zhangbo
SNAPID NAME SIZE
16 zhangbo_snap1 1024 MB
17 zhangbo_snap2 1024 MB
18 zhangbo_snap31024 MB
6、保护快照：
命令：rbd –pool {pool-name}snap pretect –image {image-name} –snap {snapshot-name}
rbd snap pretect{pool-name}/{image-name}@{snapshot-name}
示例：
root@node1:~# rbdsnap protect rbd/zhangbo@zhangbo_snap2
root@node1:~# rbdsnap rm rbd/zhangbo@zhangbo_snap2
rbd: snapshot'zhangbo_snap2' is protected from removal.
2016-09-0814:05:03.874498 7f35bddad7c0 -1 librbd: removing snapshot from header failed:(16) Device or resource busy
7、取消保护快照
命令：rbd –pool{pool-name} snap unprotect –image {image-name} –snap {snapshot-name}
rbd snapunprotect {pool-name}/{image-name}@{snapshot-name}
示例：
root@node1:~# rbdsnap unprotect rbd/zhangbo@zhangbo_snap2
root@node1:~# rbdsnap rm rbd/zhangbo@zhangbo_snap2
root@node1:~# rbdsnap ls rbd/zhangbo
SNAPID NAME SIZE
22 zhangbo_snap1 1024 MB
24 zhangbo_snap3 1024 MB
8、快照克隆（需快照保护才能快照克隆）
注意：快照是只读的，而克隆是基于快照可读写的
命令：rbd clone{pool-name}/{parent-image}@{snap-name} {pool-name}/{child-image-name}
示例：
root@node1:~# rbdclone rbd/zhangbo@zhangbo_snap2 rbd/zhangbo-snap-clone
root@node1:~# rbdls
zhangbo
zhangbo-snap-clone
9、创建分层快照和克隆
命令：rbd createzhangbo --size 1024 --image-format 2
rbd snap create{pool-name}/{image-name}@{snap-name}
rbd snap pretect{pool-name}/{image-name}@{snapshot-name}
rbd clone{pool-name}/{parent-image}@{snap-name} {pool-name}/{child-image-name}
10、查看快照的克隆：
命令：rbd --pool{pool-name} children --image {image-name} --snap {snap-name}
rbd children{pool-name}/{image-name}@{snapshot-name}
示例：
root@node1:~# rbdchildren rbd/zhangbo@zhangbo_snap2
rbd/zhangbo-snap-clone
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