Docker(二) docker
docker imagesdocker container
单个应用程序 --非集群
Docker machine
docker machine是一个便于在多平台上部署Docker的一个工具；多平台比如：
[*]Amazon Web Services
[*]Microsoft Azure
[*]Digital Ocean
[*]Exoscale
[*]Google Compute Engine
[*]Generic
[*]Microsoft Hyper-V
[*]OpenStack
[*]Rackspace
[*]IBM Softlayer
[*]Oracle VirtualBox
[*]VMware vCloud Air
[*]VMware Fusion
[*]VMware vSphere
[*]VMware Workstation(plugin)
install docker-machine
$ curl -L https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.13.0/docker-machine-`uname -s`-`uname -m` >/tmp/docker-machine &&
chmod +x /tmp/docker-machine &&
sudo cp /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
Configure Script
scripts=( docker-machine-prompt.bash docker-machine-wrapper.bash docker-machine.bash ); for i in "${scripts[@]}"; do sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/machine/v0.13.0/contrib/completion/bash/${i} -P /etc/bash_completion.d; done
A demo
docker-machine create -d virtualbox local
docker-machine create --driver generic --generic-ip-address 10.0.0.4 vm02
root@vm:/home/marion# docker-machine ls
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
local - virtualbox Stopped Unknown
vm01 - generic Running tcp://10.0.0.3:2376 v17.11.0-ce
root@vm:/home/marion# docker-machine create -d virtualbox default
Running pre-create checks...
Creating machine...
(default) Copying /root/.docker/machine/cache/boot2docker.iso to /root/.docker/machine/machines/default/boot2docker.iso...
(default) Creating VirtualBox VM...
(default) Creating SSH key...
(default) Starting the VM...
(default) Check network to re-create if needed...
(default) Waiting for an IP...
Waiting for machine to be running, this may take a few minutes...
Detecting operating system of created instance...
Waiting for SSH to be available...
Detecting the provisioner...
Provisioning with boot2docker...
Copying certs to the local machine directory...
Copying certs to the remote machine...
Setting Docker configuration on the remote daemon...
Checking connection to Docker...
Docker is up and running!
To see how to connect your Docker Client to the Docker Engine running on this virtual machine, run: docker-machine env default
# 这是一个没有提供驱动的并且已经安装好docker engine的docker host. 但是依旧可以使用docker-machine管理
$ docker-machine create --driver none --url=tcp://50.134.234.20:2376 custombox
$ docker-machine ls
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL
custombox * none Running tcp://50.134.234.20:2376
docker machine默认使用的操作系统
[*]https://docs.docker.com/machine/drivers/os-base/
docker machine的新特性
[*]https://docs.docker.com/release-notes/docker-machine/
Docker machine的provider
docker machine provider
[*]常见的linux系统
[*]虚拟化平台-virtualbox,vmware,hyper-v
[*]openstack
[*]Amazon web services,Microsoft Azure,Google computer Engine,Digital Ocean等
安装docker machine
curl -L https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.13.0/docker-machine-`uname -s`-`uname -m` >/tmp/docker-machine &&
chmod +x /tmp/docker-machine &&
sudo cp /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
安装bash completion脚本
[*]手动下载位置
[*]自动下载
scripts=( docker-machine-prompt.bash docker-machine-wrapper.bash docker-machine.bash ); for i in "${scripts[@]}"; do sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/machine/v0.13.0/contrib/completion/bash/${i} -P /etc/bash_completion.d; done
安装virtualbox
Virtualbox package download url
# 下载deb安装包安装
# 注意：如果你是在vmware上做的实验,请开启虚拟化Inter-VT/AMD-V
Docker-machine命令使用
Usage: docker-machine COMMAND
Create and manage machines running Docker.
Version: 0.13.0, build 9ba6da9
Author:
Docker Machine Contributors -
Options:
--debug, -D Enable debug mode
--storage-path, -s "/root/.docker/machine" Configures storage path [$MACHINE_STORAGE_PATH]
--tls-ca-cert CA to verify remotes against [$MACHINE_TLS_CA_CERT]
--tls-ca-key Private key to generate certificates [$MACHINE_TLS_CA_KEY]
--tls-client-cert Client cert to use for TLS [$MACHINE_TLS_CLIENT_CERT]
--tls-client-key Private key used in client TLS auth [$MACHINE_TLS_CLIENT_KEY]
--github-api-token Token to use for requests to the Github API [$MACHINE_GITHUB_API_TOKEN]
--native-ssh Use the native (Go-based) SSH implementation. [$MACHINE_NATIVE_SSH]
--bugsnag-api-token BugSnag API token for crash reporting [$MACHINE_BUGSNAG_API_TOKEN]
--help, -h show help
--version, -v print the version
Commands:
active Print which machine is active
config Print the connection config for machine
create Create a machine
env Display the commands to set up the environment for the Docker client
inspect Inspect information about a machine
ip Get the IP address of a machine
kill Kill a machine
ls List machines
provision Re-provision existing machines
regenerate-certsRegenerate TLS Certificates for a machine
restart Restart a machine
rm Remove a machine
ssh Log into or run a command on a machine with SSH.
scp Copy files between machines
mount Mount or unmount a directory from a machine with SSHFS.
start Start a machine
status Get the status of a machine
stop Stop a machine
upgrade Upgrade a machine to the latest version of Docker
url Get the URL of a machine
version Show the Docker Machine version or a machine docker version
help Shows a list of commands or help for one command
参考链接
[*]Docker Machine安装
[*]Docker machine下载地址
Docker compose
docker compose就是通过yml文件来定义和运行多个容器docker应用程序的工具,三步过程就能跑起一个compose:
[*]定义应用程序的环境(yml中)
[*]定义组成应用程序的服务(docker-compose.yml)
[*]docker-compose up启动整个应用程序
安装docker compose
依赖：docker engine
# download the latest version
sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.17.0/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# excutable
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# check version
docker-compose --version
docker compose
Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.
Usage:
docker-compose [-f ...]
docker-compose -h|--help
Options:
-f, --file FILE Specify an alternate Compose file (default: docker-compose.yml)
-p, --project-name NAME Specify an alternate project name (default: directory name)
--verbose Show more output
--no-ansi Do not print ANSI control characters
-v, --version Print version and exit
-H, --host HOST Daemon socket to connect to
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert CA_PATH Trust certs signed only by this CA
--tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATHPath to TLS certificate file
--tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH Path to TLS key file
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
--skip-hostname-check Don't check the daemon's hostname against the name specified
in the client certificate (for example if your docker host
is an IP address)
--project-directory PATH Specify an alternate working directory
(default: the path of the Compose file)
build Build or rebuild services
bundle Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file
config Validate and view the compose file
create Create services
down Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
events Receive real time events from containers
exec Execute a command in a running container
help Get help on a command
kill Kill containers
logs View output from containers
pause Pause services
port Print the public port for a port binding
ps List containers
pull Pulls service images
push Push service images
restart Restart services
rm Remove stopped containers
run Run a one-off command
scale Set number of containers for a service
start Start services
stop Stop services
unpause Unpause services
up Create and start containers
version Show the Docker-Compose version information
6.3 create a demo
[*]Create a directory for the project
[*]create application
[*]Create another file called requirements.txt in your project directory and paste this in
[*]Create a Dockerfile
[*]Define services in a Compose file (docker-compose.yml)
[*]Build and run your app with Compose
[*]access your application
6.4 deploy wordpress with docker-compose
version: '3'
services:
db:
image: mysql:5.7
volumes:
- db_data:/var/lib/mysql
restart: always
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootpasswd
MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
MYSQL_USER: marion
MYSQL_PASSWORD: marionpasswd
wordpress:
depends_on:
- db
image: wordpress:latest
ports:
- "8000:80"
restart: always
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: marion
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: marionpasswd
volumes:
db_data:
docker compose ref link
[*]docker-compose user guide
[*]composefile Formate
[*]docker-compose overview
[*]关于docker-compose的一些资料可以通过以上链接进行搜索
[*]docker-compose github
[*]compose and wordpress
docker service
分布式负载均衡服务方式,定义了服务在集群中是怎么运行的
docker swarm
[*]docker daemon port(2376)
[*]docker swarm manager port(2377)
# install docker-machine
# 如果是在虚拟机中使用virtualbox,请开启虚拟化模式
docker-machine create \
--driver virtualbox \
--virtualbox-boot2docker-url file:///home/marion/boot2docker-v17.09.1-ce.iso \
manager
# docker-machine在创建docker host时会下载默认最新版本的boot2docker,但是因为网络会下载很慢甚至报错,因此先下载到本地
docker-machine create \
--driver virtualbox \
--virtualbox-boot2docker-url file:///home/marion/boot2docker-v17.09.1-ce.iso \
worker
# 查看docker host分配的信息
root@dockermaster:~# docker-machine ls
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
manager - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.100:2376 v17.09.1-ce
worker - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.101:2376 v17.09.1-ce
# 将manager节点启用集群管理模式,设置当前的manager为集群管理器
docker-machine ssh manager "docker swarm init --advertise-addr 192.168.99.100"
# 初始化后会返回添加node的命令
# 添加worker加入swarm
root@dockermaster:~# docker-machine ssh worker "docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-2kcyacweb1kno0szfjrjob5ao2v8ie0k428riedz042hnzwhmq-7eegju6j34jisuhqbq9pet3mk 192.168.99.100:2377"
This node joined a swarm as a worker.
root@dockermaster:~#
# 在manager上查看swarm中的节点
root@dockermaster:~# docker-machine ssh manager "docker node ls"
ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS
p0fmsvxbpptktwwjjey7hzfat * manager Ready Active Leader
i8ef198m02bowqkx99nisgsjc worker Ready Active
# 配置你的docker-machine shell终端
scripts=( docker-machine-prompt.bash docker-machine-wrapper.bash docker-machine.bash ); for i in "${scripts[@]}"; do sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/machine/v0.13.0/contrib/completion/bash/${i} -P /etc/bash_completion.d; done
# 查看docker host的环境变量配置
docker-machine env manager
# Run this command to configure your shell
eval $(docker-machine env manager)
# 查看处在Active状态的docker host(有星号提示)
root@dockermaster:~# docker-machine ls
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
manager * virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.100:2376 v17.09.1-ce
worker - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.101:2376 v17.09.1-ce
root@dockermaster:~# docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yaml managertest
Creating network managertest_webnet
Creating service managertest_web
root@dockermaster:~# docker stack ps managertest
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
kno7kg5g2eil managertest_web.1 nginx manager Running Preparing 25 seconds ago
kzu28xbn6th6 managertest_web.2 nginx worker Running Preparing 25 seconds ago
706xagf904f2 managertest_web.3 nginx worker Running Preparing 25 seconds ago
6phm8f6c9n2p managertest_web.4 nginx manager Running Preparing 25 seconds ago
3ee4hhlspmme managertest_web.5 nginx worker Running Preparing 25 seconds ago
root@dockermaster:~# eval $(docker-machine env -u)
root@dockermaster:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a7ea6e30b068 grafana/grafana "/run.sh" 6 hours ago Up 39 minutes 3000/tcp grafana1
a31b65a7fd4d prom/node-exporter:latest "/bin/node_exporter" 18 hours ago Up 39 minutes 9100/tcp monitoring_node_exporter
7c8311be2b4f grafana/grafana "/run.sh" 18 hours ago Up 39 minutes 0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp grafana
root@dockermaster:~# eval $(docker-machine env worker)
root@dockermaster:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
73745f698d12 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 80/tcp managertest_web.2.kzu28xbn6th6c7dxnotn7f90v
99c0c638629f nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 80/tcp managertest_web.3.706xagf904f2j97tlwy2kkh1o
67dc57a4278e nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 80/tcp managertest_web.5.3ee4hhlspmmef8ksdstb92drd
root@dockermaster:~# eval $(docker-machine env manager)
root@dockermaster:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4ca0c1899c55 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 80/tcp managertest_web.1.kno7kg5g2eilylcybo642493k
354e61f3665b nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 80/tcp managertest_web.4.6phm8f6c9n2pb9811ud6e7wmp
root@dockermaster:~# curl -I http://192.168.99.100
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.13.7
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 08:32:24 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 21 Nov 2017 14:28:04 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5a1437f4-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
root@dockermaster:~# curl -I http://192.168.99.101
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.13.7
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2017 08:32:28 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 21 Nov 2017 14:28:04 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5a1437f4-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
# 增加副本或者减少副本,执行修改docker-compose.yaml文件
vim docker-compose.yaml(replicats:3)
eval $(docker-machine env manager)
docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yaml managertest
docker ps
root@dockermaster:~# docker service ps managertest_web
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
706xagf904f2 managertest_web.3 nginx worker Running Running 14 minutes ago
6phm8f6c9n2p managertest_web.4 nginx manager Running Running 15 minutes ago
3ee4hhlspmme managertest_web.5 nginx worker Running Running 14 minutes ago
docker stack ls # List stacks or apps
docker stack deploy -c # Run the specified Compose file
docker service ls # List running services associated with an app
docker service ps # List tasks associated with an app
docker inspect # Inspect task or container
docker container ls -q # List container IDs
docker stack rm # Tear down an application
docker swarm leave --force # Take down a single node swarm from the manager
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