Docker18.09版本练习
http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201812/03/b290ee0fb8281e719a8437b669ec87be.png一.docker安装
yum install -y yum-utilsdevice-mapper-persistent-datalvm2 依赖
yum-config-manager--add-repohttps://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 安装源
yum install docker-ce -y
# systemctl start docker
# systemctl enable docker
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配置daocloud镜像加速器
curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io
# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
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二.docker简单命令总结
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导出镜像
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倒入镜像
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容器相关选项
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容器管理命令
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容器资源限制选项
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例：
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注：一个宿主机跑多个容器，这个资源限制需要做，运行中也可以使用update进行更新重新设置。
三.dockerfile介绍
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例1：用dockerfile创建一个yum nginx容器
创建前，用一个下载好的centos镜像，安装net-tools iproute等工具
docker commit centos centos:v1
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创建dockerfile
FROM centos:v1原封装号的镜像
MAINTAINER an作者
RUN yum install -y epel-release.noarch &>/dev/null 安装epel源
RUN yum install -y nginx &>/dev/null安装nginx
COPY index.html /usr/share/nginx/html复制默认网页
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off;"] nginx以前台方式一直运行
EXPOSE 80 暴露端口80
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查看创建好的镜像
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运行创建好的镜像
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例2：用dockerfile创建一个源码安装的nginx容器
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创建dockerfile
# cat Dockerfile
FROM centos
MAINTAINER an
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make \
openssl-devel pcre-devel gd-devel \
iproute net-tools telnet wget curl && \
yum clean all && \
rm -rf /var/cache/yum/
RUN wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.5.tar.gz && \
tar zxf nginx-1.15.5.tar.gz && \
cd nginx-1.15.5 &&\
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module && \
make -j 2 && make install && \
rm -rf /usr/local/nginx/html/ && \
echo "ok" >> /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html && \
cd / && rm -rf nginx-1.12.2* && \
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
#COPY nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
WORKDIR /usr/local/nginx
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
最后创建镜像nginx:v1
docker build -t nginx:v1 .
使用nginx:v1创建一个项目镜像
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创建项目镜像nginx:v2
docker build -t nginx:v2 .
使用新镜像
docker run -d --name nginx02 -p 80:80 nginx:v2
例3：用dockerfile创建一个源码安装的php容器
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创建dockerfile
# cat Dockerfile
FROM centos
MAINTAINER an
RUN yum install epel-release -y && \
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make gd-devel libxml2-devel \
libcurl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel \
libmcrypt-devel libxslt-devel libtidy-devel autoconf \
iproute net-tools telnet wget curl && \
yum clean all && \
rm -rf /var/cache/yum/*
RUN wget http://docs.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.36.tar.gz && \
tar zxf php-5.6.36.tar.gz && \
cd php-5.6.36 && \
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
--enable-fpm --enable-opcache \
--with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql \
--with-openssl --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir \
--enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --enable-hash && \
make -j 4 && make install && \
cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini && \
cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf && \
sed -i "90a \daemonize = no" /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf && \
mkdir /usr/local/php/log && \
cd / && rm -rf php* && \
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/php/sbin:/usr/local/php/bin
COPY php.ini /usr/local/php/etc/
COPY php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/
WORKDIR /usr/local/php
EXPOSE 9000
CMD ["php-fpm"]
注：
这里也是将daemon模式关闭了，/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm在前台运行
构建镜像
docker build -t php:v1 .
启动镜像
docker run -d --name php01 php:v1
例4：用dockerfile创建一个tomcat容器
# ls
Dockerfile
# cat Dockerfile
FROM centos
MAINTAINER an
ENV VERSION=8.0.46
RUN yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk wget curl unzip iproute net-tools -y && \
yum clean all && \
rm -rf /var/cache/yum/*
RUN wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v${VERSION}/bin/apache-tomcat-${VERSION}.tar.gz && \
tar zxf apache-tomcat-${VERSION}.tar.gz && \
rm -rf apache-tomcat-${VERSION}.tar.gz /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/* && \
mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test && \
echo "ok" > /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/status.html && \
sed -i '1a JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom"' /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh && \
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/tomcat/bin
WORKDIR /usr/local/tomcat
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["catalina.sh", "run"]
创建镜像
docker build -t tomcat:v1 .
启动镜像
docker run -d --name tomcat01 -p 8089:8080 tomcat:v1
使用tomcat:v1创建一个jenkins项目镜像
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创建jenkins镜像
docker built -t jemkins:v1 .
启动镜像
docker run -d --name jenkins01 -p 8088:8080 jemkins:v1
四.docker 存储Volume
提供独立于容器之外的持久化存储
1.不指定挂载映射目录，默认的路径为 /var/lib/docker/volumes下
docker run -d --name nginx -v /usr/share/nginx/html docker.io/nginx
例：挂载/usr/share/nginx/html
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查看挂载信息
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可以直接看挂载目录下的文件
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在宿主机对index.html文件进行修改
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进入容器查看默认网页已经变为我们修改的docker123
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2.为指定挂载目录 docker run -v $PWD/code: /usr/share/nginx/html nginx
将/root/d2 挂载到容器里的 /usr/share/nginx/html目录下
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在指定目录下创建默认网页
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测试并查看镜像里的文件，已经正确挂载
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3.docker run --volumes-from容器挂载共享数据目录
注：docker create命令能够基于镜像创建容器。
该命令执行的效果类似于docker run -d，即创建一个将在系统后台运行的容器。
但是与docker run -d不同的是，docker create创建的容器并未实际启动，还需要执行docker start命令或docker run命令以启动容器。
例：创建一个docker共享数据目录，映射到/var/mydata，可以理解为创建了一个docker的共享盘，共享盘映射宿主机的data目录
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创建一个新容器与共享数据容器相连
交互式连接后查看挂载点
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进入到/var/mydata目录下创建文件
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创建完退出，查看宿主机data目录，已经有数据
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4.宿主机数据挂载到容器中Volume
在宿主机上创建数据卷，挂载到容器上
首先创建数据卷
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这个容器数据卷可以被一个或者多个数据卷挂载，查看数据卷属性
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用上述的创建的盘，挂载到nginx容器上，新版本用的是mount，老版本使用的是-v挂载
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# docker inspect nginx01查看挂载情况
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宿主机的数据卷已经有里头的数据了
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注：这样容器坏了，由于数据在宿主机的数据卷上，所以没有事，这个数据卷也可以挂载到多个容器上共享数据内容
删除数据卷：
docker volume rm nginx_vol
五.registry仓库
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与仓库交互
docker searchnginx搜索nginx镜像
docker pull nginx 拉取nginx镜像
docker push an/nginx 上传nginx自制镜像
六.多容器app docker compose介绍
yum install -y docker-compose安装
docker-compose --version 查看版本
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常用字段
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常用命令
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例1：compose创建lnmp
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# cat docker-compose.yml
version: '3'
services:
nginx:
hostname: nginx
build:
context: ./nginx
dockerfile: Dockerfile
ports:
[*]81:80
networks:
[*]lnmp
volumes:
[*] ./wwwroot:/usr/local/nginx/html
php:
hostname: php
build:
context: ./php
dockerfile: Dockerfile
networks:
[*]lnmp
volumes:
[*] ./wwwroot:/usr/local/nginx/html
mysql:
hostname: mysql
image: mysql:5.6
ports:
[*]3306:3306
networks:
[*]lnmp
volumes:
[*]./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d
[*]./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql
command: --character-set-server=utf8
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
MYSQL_USER: user
MYSQL_PASSWORD: user123
networks:
lnmp:
查看nginx目录
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查看php目录
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查看mysql，mysql yum安装
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执行docker-compose文件
# docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up
构建完使用docker-compose ps查看
# docker-compose ps
例2：compose创建nginx+tomcat
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# cat docker-compose.yml
version: '3'
services:
nginx:
hostname: nginx
build:
context: ./nginx
dockerfile: Dockerfile
ports:
[*]82:80
networks:
[*]lnmt
volumes:
[*] ./webapps:/opt/webapps
tomcat01:
hostname: tomcat01
build: ./tomcat
networks:
[*]lnmt
volumes:
[*]/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45
[*] ./webapps:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/webapps
tomcat02:
hostname: tomcat02
build: ./tomcat
networks:
[*]lnmt
volumes:
[*]/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45
[*] ./webapps:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/webapps
mysql:
hostname: mysql
image: mysql:5.6
ports:
[*]3307:3306
networks:
[*]lnmt
volumes:
[*]./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d
[*]./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
MYSQL_DATABASE: db
MYSQL_USER: user
MYSQL_PASSWORD: user123
networks:
lnmt:
注：
[*]/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45
保证容器体积，将宿主机的java环境给容器用
查看nginx目录
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查看tomcat目录
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