构建Docker镜像实战
简介Nginx是一款轻量级的Web服务器，Tomcat是一款免费开源的轻量级web服务器，在中小型企业和并发访问量不高的场合使用，是开发和调试JSP程序的首选。MSQL是当下最流行的关系型数据库，以上这些都可以使用Dockerfile文件的方式来创建其Docker镜像。
构建nginx镜像
下载基础镜像
# docker pull centos
建立工作目录
# mkdir /nginx
# cd /nginx/
创建并编写Dockerfile文件
# vim Dockerfile//一定是在/nginx下编写
# 设置基础镜像
FROM centos
# 维护用户信息
MAINTAINER this is nginx image
# 安装相关依赖包
RUN yum install -y wget proc-devel net-tools gcc zlib zlib-devel make openssl-devel
# 下载并解压nginx源码包
RUN wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.7.tar.gz
RUN tar zxvf nginx-1.9.7.tar.gz
# 编译安装nginx
WORKDIR nginx-1.9.7
RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && make && make install
# 开启80和443端口
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443
# 修改nginx配置文件，以非daemon方式启动
RUN echo "daemon off;">>/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# 复制服务启动脚本并设置权限
WORKDIR /nginx
ADD run.sh /run.sh
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh
# 启动容器时执行脚本
CMD ["/run.sh"]
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编写执行脚本内容
# vim run.sh
#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
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生成镜像
# docker build -t nginx:new .
启动容器进行测试
# docker run -d -P nginx:new
# docker ps -a
# http://192.168.177.147:32769/
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构建tomcat镜像
解压jdk,创建工作目录
# mkdir /tomcat
# tar zxvf jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /tomcat/
# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.23.tar.gz -C /tomcat/
# cd /tomcat
创建Dockerfile文件
# vim Dockerfile//一定要在/tomcat下
# 基于基础镜像
FROM centos
# 维护用户信息
MAINTAINER this is tomcat image
# 安装jdk环境，设置其环境变量
ADD jdk1.8.0_144 /usr/local/java
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/java
ENV JAVA_BIN /usr/local/java/bin
ENV JRE_HOME /usr/local/java/jre
ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/java/bin:/usr/local/java/jre/bin
ENV CLASSPATH /usr/local/java/jre/bin:/usr/local/java/lib:/usr/local/java/jre/lib/charsets.jar
# 将tomcat移到相应位置
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.23 /usr/local/tomcat8
# 开启8080端口
EXPOSE 8080
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生成镜像
# docker build -t tomcat:centos .
运行容器并验证
映射本地80端口到容器的8080端口
# docker run --name web -p 80:8080 -ittomcat:centos /bin/bash
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进入运行着的容器，启动tomcat
# cd /usr/local/tomcat8/bin
# ./startup.sh
# http://192.168.177.147:80/
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构建mysql镜像
创建工作目录
# mkdir /mysql
# cd /mysql
创建Dockerfile文件
# vim Dockerfile
# 基于基础镜像
FROM guyton/centos6
# 维护用户信息
MAINTAINER this is msyql images
# 安装mysql数据库软件包
RUN yum -y install mysql mysql-server
# 开启mysql服务，并进行授权
RUN /etc/init.d/mysqld start &&\
mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123';" &&\
mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'abc123';"
# 开启3306端口
EXPOSE 3306
# 运行初始化脚本mysqld_safe
CMD ["mysqld_safe"]
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生成镜像
# docker build -t centos:mysql .
运行容器并验证
使用新镜像运行容器，随机映射本地的端口到容器的3306端口
# docker run --name=mysql_server -d -P centos:mysql
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查看本地映射的端口号
# docker ps -a
# mysql -h 192.168.177.147 -u root -P 32768 -pabc123
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