Docker入门实操
一、安装级运行docker[*] 安装
# curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh
[*]运行
# which docker
/usr/bin/docker
# docker version
Client:
Version: 18.06.0-ce
API version: 1.38
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: 0ffa825
Built: Wed Jul 18 19:08:18 2018
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
报错
# systemctl status docker.service
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: start-limit) since 二 2018-07-31 11:29:01 CST; 46s ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Process: 35176 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Main PID: 35176 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
7月 31 11:29:01 localhost.localdomain systemd: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.
7月 31 11:29:01 localhost.localdomain systemd: Unit docker.service entered failed state.
7月 31 11:29:01 localhost.localdomain systemd: docker.service failed.
7月 31 11:29:01 localhost.localdomain systemd: docker.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
7月 31 11:29:01 localhost.localdomain systemd: start request repeated too quickly for docker.service
7月 31 11:29:01 localhost.localdomain systemd: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.
7月 31 11:29:01 localhost.localdomain systemd: Unit docker.service entered failed state.
7月 31 11:29:01 localhost.localdomain systemd: docker.service failed.
这个可以通过如下方式解决:
查看文件系统 /etc/docker/daemon.json 有没有这个文件，没有测创建它包括二级目录 docker
在daemon.json文件中输入以下内容:
{
"storage-driver"
:
"devicemapper"
}
如果daemon.json文件包含格式不正确的JSON，Docker将无法启动。
再次启动docker，正常
# systemctl start docker
查看状态
# docker version
Client:
Version: 18.06.0-ce
API version: 1.38
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: 0ffa825
Built: Wed Jul 18 19:08:18 2018
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server:
Engine:
Version: 18.06.0-ce
API version: 1.38 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: 0ffa825
Built: Wed Jul 18 19:10:42 2018
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
3 查看帮助
docker help
4 查看本地仓库的镜像
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
5 在DockerHub 上搜索共享镜像
# docker search centos7
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 114
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 35
openshift/base-centos7 A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To-I… 29
（省略）
6 拉取共享镜像
在拉取前需要更改/etc/docker/daemon.json（国内访问dockerhub速度你懂得，在这里使用了ustc的镜像加速）
# more /etc/docker/daemon.json
{"registry-mirrors":["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]}
# docker pull docker.io/ansible/centos7-ansible
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from ansible/centos7-ansible
45a2e645736c: Pull complete
1c3acf573616: Pull complete
edcb61e55ccc: Pull complete
cbae31bad30a: Pull complete
aacbdb1e2a62: Pull complete
fdeea4fb835c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:39eff7d56b96530d014083cd343f7314c23acbd1ecf37eb75a71a2f6584d0b02
Status: Downloaded newer image for ansible/centos7-ansible:latest
7.再次查看本地仓库：
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ansible/centos7-ansible latest 688353a31fde 19 months ago 447MB
二、运行容器
[*]运行一个名字为ws的容器，并获取一个shell;
# docker run -it --name=ws docker.io/ansible/centos7-ansible /bin/bash
#
此时我们进入ws容器的shell，在这里可以执行一些基本命令。
安装ip命令
# yum -y install iproute
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
base | 3.6 kB00:00:00
epel/x86_64/metalink | 5.8 kB00:00:00
epel | 3.2 kB00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB00:00:00
(1/7): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 166 kB00:00:00
(2/7): epel/x86_64/group_gz |88 kB00:00:00
(3/7): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 172 kB00:00:00
(4/7): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 930 kB00:00:01
(5/7): epel/x86_64/primary | 3.6 MB00:00:01
(6/7): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.9 MB00:00:02
(7/7): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db
（省略）
# ip a
1: lo:mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
24: eth0@if25:mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
看着和在宿主机上没有区别？
从docker里面可以直接进入物理机
# ssh 192.168.10.138
The authenticity of host '192.168.10.138 (192.168.10.138)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 0c:23:1d:1b:c7:95:e8:18:b4:4c:6d:de:98:03:9e:6e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
2.离开容器（ctrl+p+q）
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ca8bd201ee4b ansible/centos7-ansible "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours ws
容器ID使用镜像执行命令创建时间名字
[*] 连接正在运行的容器
# docker attach ws
#
[*]退出容器
# exit
exit
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
退出容器后，docker ps 已经看不到，使用-a参数
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ca8bd201ee4b ansible/centos7-ansible "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (255) About a minute ago ws
[*]启动一个退出的容器
# docker start ws
ws
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ca8bd201ee4b ansible/centos7-ansible "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Up 6 seconds ws
6 使用宿主机停止容器
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ca8bd201ee4b ansible/centos7-ansible "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Up About a minute ws
# docker stop ws
ws
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[*]删除容器（先停止再删除）
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ca8bd201ee4b ansible/centos7-ansible "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (137) 46 seconds ago ws
# docker rm ca8bd201ee4b
ca8bd201ee4b
参考https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/sqsOraQmjNEP4OSPJi8g8Q
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