Docker三剑客之Docker Compose
Docker Compose介绍Docker Compose是Docker编排服务的最后一块，前面提到的Machine可以让用户在其它平台快速安装Docker，Swarm可以让Docker容器在集群中高效运转，而Compose可以让用户在集群中部署分布式应用
安装Docker Compose的三种方法：
官方文档：https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/#install-compose
1、直接下载编译好的二进制文件，即可使用，命令如下：
sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.21.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose 卸载：
sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose 2、pip安装
sudo pip install docker-compose 卸载：
pip uninstall docker-compose 3、直接运行在docker容器中，这种方式适合云计算场景
$ sudo curl -L --fail https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.21.2/run.sh -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose Compose选项：
-f, --file FILE：指定使用的Compose文件，默认为docker-compose.yml，可以多次指定
-p, --project-name NAME：指定项目名称，默认将使用所在目录名称作为项目名
--x-networking：使用docker的可拔插网络后端特性，需要1.9及以上版本
--x-network-driver DRIVER：指定网络后端的驱动，默认为bridge，需要1.9及以上版本
--verbose：输出更多调试信息
-v, --version打印版本并退出 Compose命令
build：构建项目中的服务容器
Usage: build [--build-arg key=val...]
Options:
--compress Compress the build context using gzip.
--force-rm Always remove intermediate containers. 删除构建过程中的临时容器
--no-cache Do not use cache when building the image. 构建镜像过程中不使用缓存
--pull Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image. 始终尝试通过拉取操作来获取更新版本的镜像
-m, --memory MEM Sets memory limit for the build container.
--build-arg key=val Set build-time variables for services. 构建项目中的服务容器，服务容器一旦构建后，将会带上一个标记名，例如对于web项目中的一个db容器，可能是web_db。可以随时在项目目录下运行docker-compose build来重新构建服务
config：验证和查看compose文件，
Usage: config
Options:
--resolve-image-digestsPin image tags to digests.
-q, --quiet Only validate the configuration, don't print
anything.
--services Print the service names, one per line.
--volumes Print the volume names, one per line. -q, --quiet：只验证不输出，当配置正确时，不输出任何信息，当配置错误时，输出错误信息
--services：打印服务名，一行一个
例如：
# docker-compose config
services:
redis:
image: redis:alpine
web:
build:
context: /opt/composetest
ports:
- 5000:5000/tcp
volumes:
- /opt/composetest:/code:rw
version: '3.0'
# docker-compose config -q
# docker-compose config --services
web
redis create：为服务创建容器，只是单纯的create，还需要使用start启动compose
Creates containers for a service.
This command is deprecated. Use the `up` command with `--no-start` instead.
Usage: create
Options:
--force-recreate Recreate containers even if their configuration and
image haven't changed. Incompatible with --no-recreate.
--no-recreate If containers already exist, don't recreate them.
Incompatible with --force-recreate.
--no-build Don't build an image, even if it's missing.
--build Build images before creating containers. down：停止和删除容器、网络、卷、镜像，这些内容是通过docker-compose up命令创建的.默认值删除 容器 网络，可以通过指定 rmi volumes参数删除镜像和卷
Usage: down
Options:
--rmi type Remove images. Type must be one of:
'all': Remove all images used by any service.
'local': Remove only images that don't have a
custom tag set by the `image` field.
-v, --volumes Remove named volumes declared in the `volumes`
section of the Compose file and anonymous volumes
attached to containers.
--remove-orphans Remove containers for services not defined in the
Compose file
-t, --timeout TIMEOUT Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.
(default: 10) 例如：
# docker-compose down
Stopping composetest_web_1 ... done
Stopping composetest_redis_1 ... done
Removing composetest_web_1 ... done
Removing composetest_redis_1 ... done
Removing network composetest_default
# docker images
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
composetest_web latest 531a43261c49 3 hours ago 92.7MB 可以看到容器被删除了，但是镜像还在。
# docker-compose down --rmi all
Stopping composetest_web_1 ... done
Stopping composetest_redis_1 ... done
Removing composetest_web_1 ... done
Removing composetest_redis_1 ... done
Removing network composetest_default
Removing image composetest_web
Removing image redis:alpine 可以看到镜像也被删除了
event: 输出docker-compose 事件的日志，当执行docker-compose命令操作时，docker-compose event命令就会监控日志:
Usage: events
Options:
--json Output events as a stream of json objects exec：和docker exec命令功能相同，可以通过service name登陆到容器中
Usage: exec [-e KEY=VAL...] SERVICE COMMAND
Options:
-d, --detach Detached mode: Run command in the background.分离模式，后台运行命令
--privileged Give extended privileges to the process.获取特权
-u, --user USER Run the command as this user. 指定运行的用户.
-T Disable pseudo-tty allocation. By default `docker-compose exec`
allocates a TTY.禁用分配TTY. By default `docker-compose exec` 分配一个TTY.
--index=index index of the container if there are multiple
instances of a service 当一个服务拥有多个容器时，可通过该参数登陆到该服务下的任何服务，例如：docker-compose exec --index=1 web /bin/bash ，web服务中包含多个容器
-e, --env KEY=VAL Set environment variables (can be used multiple times,
not supported in API < 1.25) 例如：
# docker-compose config --services
web
redis
# docker-compose exec web sh
/code # ls
Dockerfile docker-compose.yml
app.py requirements.txt kill：通过发送 SIGKILL 信号来强制停止服务容器。支持通过参数来指定发送的信号
Usage: kill
Options:
-s SIGNAL SIGNAL to send to the container. Default signal is SIGKILL. 例如：停止web服务
# docker-compose kill -s SIGKILL web
Killing composetest_web_1 ... done
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
98ddb468d67a composetest_web "python app.py" 7 minutes ago Exited (137) 4 seconds ago composetest_web_1 logs：显示日志输出.
Usage: logs
Options:
--no-color Produce monochrome output.
-f, --follow Follow log output
-t, --timestamps Show timestamps显示时间戳
--tail="all" Number of lines to show from the end of the logs
for each container. 例如：
# docker-compose logs
Attaching to composetest_web_1, composetest_redis_1
web_1 |* Serving Flask app "app" (lazy loading)
web_1 |* Environment: production
web_1 | WARNING: Do not use the development server in a production environment.
web_1 | Use a production WSGI server instead.
web_1 |* Debug mode: on
web_1 |* Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
web_1 |* Restarting with stat
web_1 |* Debugger is active!
web_1 |* Debugger PIN: 151-215-059
redis_1| 1:C 27 Jun 06:47:25.385 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
redis_1| 1:C 27 Jun 06:47:25.387 # Redis version=4.0.10, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1, just started
redis_1| 1:C 27 Jun 06:47:25.387 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
redis_1| 1:M 27 Jun 06:47:25.389 * Running mode=standalone, port=6379.
redis_1| 1:M 27 Jun 06:47:25.389 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
redis_1| 1:M 27 Jun 06:47:25.389 # Server initialized
redis_1| 1:M 27 Jun 06:47:25.389 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
redis_1| 1:M 27 Jun 06:47:25.389 * Ready to accept connections pause：暂停一个服务容器，处于暂停状态的容器，无法用start命令启动
Usage: pause # docker-compose pause
Pausing composetest_redis_1 ... done
Pausing composetest_web_1 ... done docker-compose pause暂停所有服务
port：显示某个容器端口所映射的公共端口
Usage: port SERVICE PRIVATE_PORT
Options:
--protocol=prototcp or udp
--index=index index of the container if there are multiple
instances of a service 例如：
docker-compose port web 5000
0.0.0.0:5000
ps：列出项目中所有容器
sage: ps
Options:
-q Only display IDs 例如：
# docker-compose ps
Name Command State Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
composetest_redis_1 docker-entrypoint.sh redis ... Paused 6379/tcp
composetest_web_1 python app.py Paused 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp
pull：拉取服务依赖的镜像
Usage: pull
Options:
--ignore-pull-failuresPull what it can and ignores images with pull failures. 忽略pull失败的镜像，继续pull其他镜像.
--parallel Deprecated, pull multiple images in parallel (enabled by default).
--no-parallel Disable parallel pulling.
-q, --quiet Pull without printing progress information
--include-deps Also pull services declared as dependencies restart：重启项目中的服务
Usage: restart
Options:
-t, --timeout TIMEOUT Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds. (default: 10)
rm：删除所有(停止状态)的服务容器
Usage: rm
Options:
-f, --force Don't ask to confirm removal 强制删除
-s, --stop Stop the containers, if required, before removing
-v Remove any anonymous volumes attached to containers删除挂载的数据卷
run：在指定服务上指定一个命令
run [-v VOLUME...] [-p PORT...] [-e KEY=VAL...] [-l KEY=VALUE...]
SERVICE
Options:
-d, --detach 后台运行容器
--name NAME 为容器指定一个名字
--entrypoint CMD CMD 覆盖默认的容器启动指令
-e KEY=VAL 设置环境变量值，可以多次使用选项来设置多个环境变量
-l, --label KEY=VAL Add or override a label (can be used multiple times)
-u, --user="" 执行容器运行的用户名或UID
--no-deps 不自动启动关联的服务容器
--rm 运行命令后自动删除容器，d默认下将忽略
-p, --publish=[] 映射容器端口到本地主机
--service-ports 配置服务端口并映射到本地主机
--use-aliases Use the service's network aliases in the network(s) the
container connects to.
-v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (default [])
-T 不分配伪TTY，意味着依赖tty的指令将无法运行
-w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container 例如：
# docker-compose run web df -h
Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/docker-253:1-33829585-e7823f93d92cd1917ac0d92d18af82bb437f68af6991a1f47d007a261cc0cd48
10.0G 133.8M 9.9G 1% /
tmpfs 64.0M 0 64.0M 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 25.0G 15.3G 9.7G61% /code
/dev/vda1 25.0G 15.3G 9.7G61% /etc/resolv.conf
/dev/vda1 25.0G 15.3G 9.7G61% /etc/hostname
/dev/vda1 25.0G 15.3G 9.7G61% /etc/hosts
shm 64.0M 0 64.0M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 64.0M 0 64.0M 0% /proc/kcore
tmpfs 64.0M 0 64.0M 0% /proc/keys
tmpfs 64.0M 0 64.0M 0% /proc/timer_list
tmpfs 64.0M 0 64.0M 0% /proc/timer_stats
tmpfs 64.0M 0 64.0M 0% /proc/sched_debug
tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /proc/scsi
tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/firmware scale：设置服务运行的容器个数，通过service=num来设置
Usage: scale 如：
docker-compose scale web=2 redis=2 start：启动已经存在的服务容器
Usage: start stop：停止处于运行状态的容器服务，但不删除，可以通过docker-compose start再次启动
Usage: stop
Options:
-t, --timeout TIMEOUT Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds (default: 10). top：显示正在运行的进程
Usage: top 例如：
# docker-compose top
composetest_redis_1
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
---------------------------------------------------------------
100 18915 18888 0 15:39 ? 00:00:00 redis-server
composetest_web_1
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
root 18909 18880 0 15:39 ? 00:00:00 python app.py
root 19015 18909 0 15:39 ? 00:00:03 /usr/local/bin/python app.py
unpause：恢复处于暂停状态状态中的服务
Usage: unpause up：
Usage: up [--scale SERVICE=NUM...]
Options:
-d, --detach 后台运行服务容器
--no-color 不使用颜色来区分不同的服务的控制台输出
--quiet-pull Pull without printing progress information
--no-deps 不启动服务所链接的容器
--force-recreate 强制重新创建容器，不能与--no-recreate同时使用
--always-recreate-deps Recreate dependent containers.
Incompatible with --no-recreate.
--no-recreate 如果容器已经存在，则不重新创建，不能与--force-recreate同时使用
them. Incompatible with --force-recreate and -V.
--no-build 不自动构建缺失的服务镜像
--no-start 创建容器后不启动
--build Build images before starting containers.
--abort-on-container-exitStops all containers if any container was
stopped. Incompatible with -d.
-t, --timeout TIMEOUT 停止容器时候的超时时间，默认是10s
-V, --renew-anon-volumes Recreate anonymous volumes instead of retrieving
data from the previous containers.
--remove-orphans Remove containers for services not defined
in the Compose file.
--exit-code-from SERVICE Return the exit code of the selected service
container. Implies --abort-on-container-exit.
--scale SERVICE=NUM Scale SERVICE to NUM instances. Overrides the
`scale` setting in the Compose file if present. 改命令十分强大，它将尝试自动完成包括构建镜像，创建服务，启动服务，并关联服务相关容器的一系列操作。链接的服务都将被自动启动，除非已经处于运行状态。
可以说，大部分的时候都可以直接通过该命令来启动一个项目。默认情况下，docker-compose up启动的容器都在前台，控制台打印所有容器的输出信息，可以方便进行调试。
使用-d选项，将后台运行所有容器。如果容器已经存在，则docker-compose up将尝试停止容器，然后重新创建(保持使用volumes-form挂载的卷)，以保证新启动的服务匹配最新的docker-compose.yml文件
如果不希望容器被停止并重新创建，使用--no-recreate，这样只会启动处于停止状态的容器，而忽略已经运行的服务。如果用户想要重新部署某个服务，可以使用--no-deps -d来重新
创建服务并后台停止旧的服务，启动新服务，并不会影响到其依赖的服务
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