Cisco LAN Switching Fundamentals
Table of Contents
Introduction.
1. LAN Switching Foundation Technologies.
OSI Model.
OSI Upper Layers.
OSI Lower Layers.
Introducing Ethernet.
Types of Ethernet.
Transmission Media.
Ethernet Cross-Over Cabling.
Ethernet Topology.
Ethernet Logical Addressing.
CSMA/CD Operation.
Full-Duplex Ethernet.
Autonegotiation.
Transparent Bridging.
Learning.
Flooding.
Filtering.
Forwarding.
Aging.
Broadcasts and Multicasts.
Introducing Spanning Tree Protocol.
Spanning Tree Operations.
Spanning Tree Port Transitions and Timers.
Topology Changes in STP.
Summary.
2. LAN Switch Architecture.
Receiving Data–Switching Modes.
Cut-Through Mode.
Fragment-Free Mode.
Store-and-Forward Mode.
Switching Data.
Shared Bus Switching.
Crossbar Switching.
Buffering Data.
Port Buffered Memory.
Shared Memory.
Oversubscribing the Switch Fabric.
Congestion and Head-of-Line Blocking.
Forwarding Data.
Summary.
3. Catalyst Switching Architectures.
In the Beginning–Catalyst 5000/5500 (Project Synergy).
Catalyst 5000/5500 Switch Components.
EARL Functionality.
CAM and TCAM.
Catalyst 5000/5500 EARL Versions.
Switch Bandwidth.
Line Modules.
Catalyst 5000/5500 Architectures.
Data Flow on the Catalyst 5000.
Catalyst 6000/6500 (Constellation, Constellation+, and Constellation II).
Catalyst 6000/6500 Components.
Catalyst 6000/6500 Architectures.
Catalyst 6500 Switching Modes.
Data Flow on the Catalyst 6500 Switch Fabric.
Catalyst 4500 (Galaxy 3 and Galaxy 4) Components and Architectures.
Chassis.
Supervisors and Switch Fabrics.
Line Modules.
Catalyst 3750 (Lord of the Rings) Components and Architecture.
Power and Cooling.
Stackwise Architecture.
Data Flow on the Catalyst 3750.
Comparing the Architectures.
Summary.
4. Layer 2 Fundamentals.
Understanding Legacy LAN Segment.
Introducing Virtual LANs.
Trunking Methods.
Inter-Switch Link Protocol.
IEEE 802.1Q.
Configuration Best Practices.
VLAN Trunking Protocol.
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VTP Example 1.
VTP Example 2.
VTP Mode Best Practices.
Configuring VTP/VLAN/Trunk.
VLAN Pruning.
EtherChannel.
Understanding VLAN 1.
Management VLAN.
Management VLAN Best Practices.
Private VLANs.
Summary.
5. Using Catalyst Software.
Hybrid Versus Native.
The Look and Feel of Hybrid Software.
The Look and Feel of Native.
Choosing Between Hybrid and Native.
Downloading Catalyst Software.
Software for Catalyst 6000/6500.
Software for Catalyst 4500.
Software for Catalyst 3750.
New Software Packaging.
Packaging for Routers.
Packaging for Switches.
Summary.
6. Understanding Multilayer Switching.
Why MLS?
Introducing MLS.
Understanding the MLS Packet Flow.
Configuring MLS.
Router Access Lists.
MLS on Catalyst 6500.
Understanding the Need for Cisco Express Forwarding.
Summary.
7. Configuring Switches.
An Ounce of Planning.
Management Interfaces.
sc0 and VLAN 1.
Configuration Overview.
Initial Configuration.
Configuring VTP.
Configuring sc0 and LO0.
Autostate.
System Logging.
Connecting the Switches.
IOS Port/Interface Types.
Configuring the Connections.
Configuring the Access Layer.
Dynamic Routing.
Channeling and Trunking.
Configuring UniDirectional Link Detection.
Portfast and BPDU Guard.
Configuring SNMP.
Summary.
8. Understanding Quality of Service on Catalyst 6500.
QoS Services.
Class of Service.
Type of Service.
QoS Operational Model.
Classification.
Input Scheduling.
Marking and Policing.
Marking.
Output Scheduling.
QoS Caveats.
Summary.
9. Implementing Multicast on Catalyst Switches.
Understanding IGMPv1 and IGMPv2.
Multicast Flooding.
IGMP Snooping.
Membership Report.
IGMP Leave Process.
IGMP Fastleave.
Address Aliasing.
IGMP Fallback.
Cisco Group Management Protocol.
IGMP Leave Process.
Local Leave Process.
IGMP Snooping Versus CGMP.
Summary.
10. Implementing and Tuning Spanning Tree.
Preventing Loops with Spanning Tree.
Portfast.
Root Guard.
Loop Guard.
Spanning-Tree Convergence.
Spanning-Tree Timers.
BackboneFast.
UplinkFast.
Introducing Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol.
RSTP States.
RSTP BPDU.
RSTP Proposal/Agreement.
RSTP Legacy Support.
RSTP Direct Failure.
RSTP Indirect Failure.
Configuring RSTP.
Understanding Multiple Spanning Tree.
Comparing MST to PVST+/CST.
MST Regions.
Internal Spanning Tree.
Spanning Tree Inside the Region.
MST Example–All Switches in the Same Region.
MST Example–Multiple Regions.
MST Example–MST Connected to PVST+ Network.
UniDirectional Link Detection.
Summary.
11. Design and Implementation Best Practices.
Layer 3 Designs.
Building Blocks.
Campus Design.
Traffic Flows.
Single Points of Failure.
Catalyst Supervisor and Switch Fabric Redundancy.
Catalyst 6500 Supervisor High Availability (Hybrid).
MSFC High Availability.
Catalyst 6500 Supervisor High Availability (Native).
Catalyst 6500 Switch Fabric Redundancy.
Catalyst 4500 Redundancy.
Catalyst 3750 Redundancy.
Summary.
12. Troubleshooting the LAN Switching Configuration.
Checking Software Versions.
Checking Hardware Components.
Supervisor Missing.
MSFC Missing.
Understanding Port Errors.
Using Syslog Messages.
Using Trace.
Local Switched Port Analyzer.
Remote Switched Port Analyzer.
Cisco Online Resources.
Summary.
Appendix A. Catalyst 6500 Series Software Conversion.
Index.
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