添加Cinder块存储服务
〇、拓扑规划 本案例将为两节点OpenStack部署增加一个块存储节点，安装OpenStack块存储服务。块存储服务可以与计算服务协作，用来为虚拟机实例提供云硬盘。块存储服务可管理云硬盘、云硬盘快照和云硬盘类型。OpenStack使用Cinder组件提供块存储服务。下图为三节点OpenStack案例拓扑图，图中包含控制节点和块存储节点，（图中没有画出计算节点，是因为计算节点的软硬件规划与两节点OpenStack部署相同。）块存储节点包含一个网卡eth0，用于管理网络。在控制节点上添加OpenStack Cinder组件，在块存储节点上安装iSCSI目标服务器和OpenStack Cinder组件，通过LVM逻辑卷服务提供云硬盘卷。 一、安装块存储节点 在VMware Workstation中新建CentOS 64位虚拟机。为虚拟机分配1GB内存，虚拟硬盘大小为100GB，选择CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso作为安装光盘。为虚拟机配置一块网卡，网络连接方式为NAT。 从光盘安装操作系统，将主机名设置为block，为eth0网卡手工配置IP地址、子网掩码、默认网关和DNS服务器，使虚拟机可以连接到Internet。在这里将eth0的IP地址配置为192.168.8.33。 在分区界面，使用自定义分区。 创建一个500MB的主分区，挂载到/boot。创建一个50GB的分区用来作为物理卷，使用该物理卷创建一个卷组vg_block，在卷组vg_block中创建两个逻辑卷。其中一个逻辑卷为4GB，用来作为交换分区，另一个逻辑卷使用卷组vg_block中所有剩余空间，挂载到 / 目录。剩余50699MB将来给Cinder云硬盘卷使用。 在软件包选择界面，使用Minimal安装方式。操作系统安装完毕后，需要安装VMware Tools，安装过程与控制节点相同。 二、基本环境配置 1、在控制节点和计算节点上配置hosts 在控制节点和计算节点上，修改/etc/hosts文件，添加有关block节点的地址解析配置。# vi /etc/hosts127.0.0.1localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1 localhostlocalhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6192.168.8.11 controller192.168.8.22 compute192.168.8.33 block # vi /etc/hosts127.0.0.1localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6192.168.8.11 controller192.168.8.22 compute192.168.8.33 block 2、在控制节点和计算节点上测试连通性 # ping -c 4 blockPING block (192.168.8.33) 56(84) bytes ofdata.64 bytes from block (192.168.8.33):icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.09 ms64 bytes from block (192.168.8.33):icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.531 ms64 bytes from block (192.168.8.33):icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.570 ms64 bytes from block (192.168.8.33):icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.499 ms --- block ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0%packet loss, time 3011msrtt min/avg/max/mdev =0.499/0.672/1.090/0.243 ms # ping -c 4 blockPING block (192.168.8.33) 56(84) bytes ofdata.64 bytes from block (192.168.8.33):icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.464 ms64 bytes from block (192.168.8.33):icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.537 ms64 bytes from block (192.168.8.33):icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.492 ms64 bytes from block (192.168.8.33):icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.492 ms --- block ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0%packet loss, time 3005msrtt min/avg/max/mdev =0.464/0.496/0.537/0.030 ms 3、在块存储节点上配置网络 （1）编辑网卡配置文件，确认网卡的IP地址配置，使CentOS能够连接到Internet。@block ~]# vi/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0TYPE=EthernetUUID=440ae27d-54d3-49be-b4a8-48768085a31eONBOOT=yesNM_CONTROLLED=no # 不使用NetworkManager控制此网卡，通常只需要修改这一项BOOTPROTO=noneHWADDR=00:0C:29:14:BE:68IPADDR=192.168.8.33PREFIX=24GATEWAY=192.168.8.2DNS1=8.8.8.8DEFROUTE=yesIPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yesIPV6INIT=noNAME="System eth0" # service network restartShutting down interface eth0: Shutting down loopback interface: Bringing up loopback interface: Bringing up interface eth0:Determining if ip address 192.168.8.33 isalready in use for device eth0... （2）配置本地名称解析，实现controller、 compute和block节点的本地地址解析。# vi /etc/hosts127.0.0.1localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6192.168.8.11 controller192.168.8.22 compute192.168.8.33 block （3）测试网络连通性# ping -c 4 controllerPING controller (192.168.8.11) 56(84) bytesof data.64 bytes from controller (192.168.8.11):icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.416 ms64 bytes from controller (192.168.8.11):icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.525 ms64 bytes from controller (192.168.8.11):icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.574 ms64 bytes from controller (192.168.8.11):icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.602 ms --- controller ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0%packet loss, time 3007msrtt min/avg/max/mdev =0.416/0.529/0.602/0.072 ms# ping -c 4 computePING compute (192.168.8.22) 56(84) bytes ofdata.64 bytes from compute (192.168.8.22):icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.343 ms64 bytes from compute (192.168.8.22):icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.481 ms64 bytes from compute (192.168.8.22):icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.472 ms64 bytes from compute (192.168.8.22):icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.485 ms --- compute ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0%packet loss, time 3011msrtt min/avg/max/mdev =0.343/0.445/0.485/0.061 ms# ping -c 4 blockPING block (192.168.8.33) 56(84) bytes ofdata.64 bytes from block (192.168.8.33):icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.015 ms64 bytes from block (192.168.8.33):icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms64 bytes from block (192.168.8.33):icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms64 bytes from block (192.168.8.33):icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms --- block ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0%packet loss, time 3001msrtt min/avg/max/mdev =0.015/0.042/0.054/0.016 ms 4、在块存储节点上配置防火墙和SELinux （1）关闭iptables防火墙# service iptables stop# chkconfig iptables off （2）将SELinux配置为允许模式# setenforce 0 # vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux # This file controls the state of SELinuxon the system.# SELINUX= can take one of these threevalues:# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.SELINUX=permissive # 将SELinux配置为允许模式# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these twovalues:# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,# mls - Multi Level Security protection.SELINUXTYPE=targeted # shutdown -r now 重启完毕后执行getenforce检查SELinux的模式。# getenforcePermissive 5、在块存储节点上配置NTP服务 （1）安装NTP服务器# yum install ntp （2）编辑NTP服务器的主配置文件。# vi /etc/ntp.conf编辑以下配置：restrict 192.168.8.11 # 放行NTP服务器来源#server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst # 去掉默认的Internet上层NTP服务器#server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst#server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburstserver 192.168.8.11 # 将上层NTP服务器配置为controller的IP地址 （3）启动NTP服务器并将服务配置为开机自动启动。# service ntpd startStarting ntpd: # chkconfig ntpd on （4）检查NTP服务的配置结果。等待5-15分钟，检查block是否已经与controller的NTP服务器同步# ntpstatsynchronised to NTP server (192.168.8.11)at stratum 4 time correct to within 197 mspolling server every 128 s # ntpq -p remote refid st t when poll reach delayoffsetjitter==============================================================================*controller 202.112.29.82 3 u39128377 0.470 7.40119.945 6、在块存储节点上安装MySQL-python # yum install MySQL-python 7、在块存储节点上配置OpenStack软件源 （1）安装yum-plugin-priorities插件# yum installyum-plugin-priorities （2）配置OpenStack软件源下载http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm，将文件通过SFTP或其他方式传输到CentOS的/root目录中。使用浏览器浏览到https://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/openstack/openstack-icehouse网站，下载rpm文件rdo-release-icehouse-4.noarch.rpm，将文件通过SFTP或其他方式传输到CentOS的/root目录中。使用浏览器浏览到http://mirrors.aliyun.com网站，点击文件列表中epel右边的help，查看帮助信息。使用浏览器浏览到http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo网站，下载epel-6.repo，将文件通过SFTP或其他方式传输到CentOS的/root目录中。 # rpm -ivh rdo-release-icehouse-4.noarch.rpmwarning: rdo-release-icehouse-4.noarch.rpm:Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 0e4fbd28: NOKEYPreparing... ########################################### 1:rdo-release ########################################### # rpm -ivhepel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm warning: epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm:Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEYPreparing... ########################################### 1:epel-release ########################################### # cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ # mv epel.repoepel.repo.bak # cp/root/epel-6.repo . # lsCentOS-Base.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repoCentOS-Vault.repoepel.repo.bak foreman.repo rdo-release.repoCentOS-Debuginfo.repoCentOS-Media.repo epel-6.repo epel-testing.repopuppetlabs.repo （3）更新软件包列表。# yum makecache （4）安装openstack-utils软件包。# yum installopenstack-utils （5）安装openstack-selinux软件包。# yum installopenstack-selinux （6）升级系统软件包。# yum upgrade升级完毕后重新启动系统。 三、配置Cinder块存储服务 1、在控制节点上安装配置Cinder （1）安装cinder软件包# yum installopenstack-cinder （2）配置块存储服务使用控制节点的MySQL数据库，将CINDER_DBPASS替换为MySQL数据库用户cinder的密码。# openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf database connection mysql://cinder:CINDER_DBPASS@controller/cinder （3）在MySQL数据库中创建用户cinder。# mysql -u root -pEnter password: # 输入MySQL数据库用户root的密码123456 mysql> CREATE DATABASE cinder; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cinder.*TO 'cinder'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'CINDER_DBPASS'; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cinder.*TO 'cinder'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'CINDER_DBPASS'; mysql> exit （4）为块存储服务创建数据库表# su -s /bin/sh -c"cinder-manage db sync" cinder/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Util/number.py:57:PowmInsecureWarning: Not using mpz_powm_sec. You should rebuild using libgmp >= 5 to avoid timing attackvulnerability. _warn("Not using mpz_powm_sec. You should rebuild using libgmp >= 5 to avoid timing attackvulnerability.", PowmInsecureWarning) #安全风险提示，暂忽略 （5）应用admin用户的环境变量# source admin-openrc.sh （6）在keystone中创建用户cinder，并将用户关联到service租户和admin角色。将CINDER_PASS替换为用户cinder的密码。# keystone user-create--name=cinder --pass=CINDER_PASS --email=cinder@localhost # keystone user-role-add--user=cinder --tenant=service --role=admin （7）配置cinder使用keystone认证，将CINDER_PASS替换为用户cinder的密码。# openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone # openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.confkeystone_authtoken \auth_uri http://controller:5000 # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_host controller # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_protocol http # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_port 35357 # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken admin_user cinder # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \admin_tenant_name service # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \admin_password CINDER_PASS （8）配置块存储服务使用Qpid消息代理# openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT rpc_backend qpid # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT qpid_hostname controller （9）向keystone注册块存储服务cinder，创建API Endpoint，包括v1和v2两个版本。# keystoneservice-create --name=cinder --type=volume --description="OpenStack BlockStorage" # keystoneendpoint-create \ --service-id=$(keystone service-list | awk '/ volume / {print $2}') \ --publicurl=http://controller:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s \ --internalurl=http://controller:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s \ --adminurl=http://controller:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s # keystoneservice-create --name=cinderv2 --type=volumev2 --description="OpenStackBlock Storage v2" # keystoneendpoint-create \ --service-id=$(keystone service-list | awk '/ volumev2 / {print $2}') \ --publicurl=http://controller:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s \ --internalurl=http://controller:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s \ --adminurl=http://controller:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s （10）启动块存储服务并将服务配置为开机自动启动# serviceopenstack-cinder-api startStarting openstack-cinder-api: # serviceopenstack-cinder-scheduler startStarting openstack-cinder-scheduler: # chkconfigopenstack-cinder-api on # chkconfigopenstack-cinder-scheduler on 2、在块存储节点上安装配置cinder （1）使用fdisk对磁盘分区，创建一个LVM类型分区，在本案例中将使用/dev/sda3。# fdisk /dev/sda WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated.It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p # 显示当前分区 Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x000c1bda Device Boot Start End BlocksIdSystem/dev/sda1* 1 64 512000 83LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinderboundary./dev/sda2 64 6591 52428800 8eLinux LVM Command (m for help): n # 创建新分区Command actione extendedp primary partition (1-4)p # 主分区Partition number (1-4): 3 # 分区编号为3First cylinder (6591-13054, default 6591): # 起始柱面直接回车Using default value 6591Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G}(6591-13054, default 13054): # 结束柱面直接回车Using default value 13054 Command (m for help): t # 转换分区类型Partition number (1-4): 3 # 分区编号为3Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e # 转换为Linux LVM分区Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e(Linux LVM) Command (m for help): w # 保存退出The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.The kernel still uses the old table. Thenew table will be used atthe next reboot or after you runpartprobe(8) or kpartx(8)Syncing disks. # partx -a /dev/sda # 使内核重新读取分区表BLKPG: Device or resource busyerror adding partition 1BLKPG: Device or resource busyerror adding partition 2 # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x000c1bda Device Boot Start End BlocksIdSystem/dev/sda1* 1 64 512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinderboundary./dev/sda2 64 6591 52428800 8eLinux LVM/dev/sda3 6591 13054 51914431 8eLinux LVM （2）创建物理卷，将物理卷配置为卷组cinder-volumes。# pvcreate /dev/sda3 Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created # vgcreate cinder-volumes/dev/sda3 Volume group "cinder-volumes" successfully created （3）编辑文件/etc/lvm/lvm.conf，在devices部分配置LVM将持续扫描的虚拟机实例所使用的设备。devices {...filter = ["a/sda2/", "a/sda3/", "r/.*/"] # 添加这一行...} a开头的为允许扫描的设备，r开头的为拒绝扫描的设备。在这里，"a/sda2/", "a/sda3/", 表示扫描/dev/sda2和/dev/sda3，r/.*/表示不扫描所有其它设备。其中sda2为操作系统所在的物理卷设备，sda3为cinder卷所使用的物理卷设备。 （4）安装cinder和iSCSI目标服务器# yum install openstack-cinderscsi-target-utils （5）配置cinder使用keystone认证，将CINDER_PASS替换为用户cinder的密码。# openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \auth_uri http://controller:5000 # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_host controller # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_protocol http # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_port 35357 # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken admin_user cinder # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken \admin_tenant_name service# openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.confkeystone_authtoken \admin_password CINDER_PASS （6）配置cinder使用Qpid消息代理# openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT rpc_backend qpid # openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT qpid_hostname controller （7）配置块存储服务使用控制节点的MySQL数据库，将CINDER_DBPASS替换为MySQL数据库用户cinder的密码。# openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf database connectionmysql://cinder:CINDER_DBPASS@controller/cinder （8）配置块存储节点的管理IP地址，在本案例中为192.168.8.33。# openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT my_ip 192.168.8.33 （9）配置cinder使用控制节点的glance映像服务# openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT glance_host controller （10）配置cinder使用tgtadm iSCSI服务# openstack-config --set/etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT iscsi_helper tgtadm （11）编辑iSCSI目标服务器的配置文件/etc/tgt/targets.conf，添加以下配置，使iSCSI目标服务能够发现cinder块存储卷。include /etc/cinder/volumes/* （12）启动块存储服务并将服务配置为开机自动启动# serviceopenstack-cinder-volume startStarting openstack-cinder-volume: # service tgtd startStarting SCSI target daemon: # chkconfigopenstack-cinder-volume on # chkconfig tgtd on 四、使用Dashboard创建云硬盘并挂载到虚拟机实例 1、启动虚拟机实例 （1）使用demo用户登录Dashboard，在项目à Compute à 实例处，点击右上方的“启动云主机”。 （2）输入云主机名称cirros，选择云主机类型为m1.tiny，云主机启动源选择“从镜像启动”，镜像名称选择“cirros-0.3.3-x86_64”，在“访问&安全”中选择一个密钥对，点击运行。 （3）等待云主机启动完成。 （4）使用本地控制台或SSH登录到云主机。 （5）使用fdisk -l查看云主机的硬盘和分区情况。可以看到目前云主机有一块硬盘/dev/vda，大小为1GB。$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders,total 2097152 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End BlocksIdSystem/dev/vda1* 16065 2088449 1036192+83Linux 2、创建云硬盘 （1）在项目à Compute à 云硬盘处，点击右上方的“创建云硬盘”。 （2）输入云硬盘名称 （3）稍等片刻，当状态变成Available时，云硬盘就创建好了。 3、将云硬盘挂载到云主机 （1）在项目à Compute à 云硬盘处，点击动作中的“编辑挂载”。 （2）选择将云硬盘连接到的云主机为cirros，点击连接云硬盘。 （3）稍等片刻，云硬盘的状态变成In-Use，连接到为“在设备/dev/vdb上连接到cirros”。 （4）在云主机cirros中使用fdisk -l查看硬盘和分区情况。可以看到云主机cirros多了一块硬盘/dev/vdb，且不包含任何分区。$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders,total 2097152 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End BlocksIdSystem/dev/vda1* 16065 2088449 1036192+83Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2080 cylinders,total 2097152 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/vdb doesn't contain a validpartition table （5）可以像操作本地硬盘一样，使用fdisk对云硬盘进行分区。$ sudo fdisk /dev/vdbDevice contains neither a valid DOSpartition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel with diskidentifier 0x7df570ca.Changes will remain in memory only, untilyou decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous contentwon't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partitiontable 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): nPartition type:p primary (0 primary, 0extended, 4 free)e extendedSelect (default p):pPartition number (1-4, default 1): 1First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048): Using default value 2048Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G}(2048-2097151, default 2097151): Using default value 2097151 Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks. $ sudo fdisk -l /dev/vdb Disk /dev/vdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes9 heads, 8 sectors/track, 29127 cylinders,total 2097152 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x7df570ca Device Boot Start End BlocksIdSystem/dev/vdb1 2048 2097151 1047552 83Linux （6）将分区格式化为EXT4文件系统并挂载。$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdb1 $ sudo mkdir /media/vdb1 $ sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/vdb1 /media/vdb1/ $ mountrootfs on / type rootfs (rw)/dev on /dev type devtmpfs(rw,relatime,size=248160k,nr_inodes=62040,mode=755)/dev/vda1 on / type ext3(rw,relatime,errors=continue,user_xattr,acl,barrier=1,data=ordered)/proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,relatime)devpts on /dev/pts type devpts(rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs(rw,relatime,mode=777)tmpfs on /run type tmpfs(rw,nosuid,relatime,size=200k,mode=755)/dev/vdb1 on /media/vdb1 type ext4(rw,relatime,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered) $ cd /media/vdb1/ $ lslost+found （7）解除挂载分区/dev/vdb1$ cd $ sudo umount /dev/vdb1 $ mountrootfs on / type rootfs (rw)/dev on /dev type devtmpfs(rw,relatime,size=248160k,nr_inodes=62040,mode=755)/dev/vda1 on / type ext3 (rw,relatime,errors=continue,user_xattr,acl,barrier=1,data=ordered)/proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,relatime)devpts on /dev/pts type devpts(rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs(rw,relatime,mode=777)tmpfs on /run type tmpfs(rw,nosuid,relatime,size=200k,mode=755) （8）断开云硬盘：在项目à Compute à 云硬盘处，点击动作中的“编辑挂载”。 （9）点击断开云硬盘。 确认断开，云硬盘cloud-disk的状态转换为Available。 （10）删除云硬盘：在项目à Compute à 云硬盘处，点击动作中的“删除云硬盘”。 五、使用命令行创建云硬盘并挂载到虚拟机实例 1、创建云硬盘 （1）应用demo用户的环境变量# source demo-openrc.sh （2）使用cinder create创建云硬盘，指定名称为cinder-disk，大小为1GB。# cinder create--display-name cinder-disk 1 （3）查看云硬盘# cinder list 2、将云硬盘挂载到云主机 （1）显示云主机# nova list （2）使用nova volume-attach将云硬盘挂载到云主机，其中cirros为云主机名称（或使用云主机ID：e8cfdd25-45bb-406c-a9f6-23e6d51af094），f4dcfa82-f280-4e5f-8ca3-cc891402042a为cinder list所显示的云硬盘ID。# nova volume-attachcirros f4dcfa82-f280-4e5f-8ca3-cc891402042a /dev/vdb （3）显示cinder卷的信息，其中f4dcfa82-f280-4e5f-8ca3-cc891402042a为cinder list所显示的云硬盘ID。可以看到云硬盘已经挂载到ID为e8cfdd25-45bb-406c-a9f6-23e6d51af094的云主机cirros。# cinder showf4dcfa82-f280-4e5f-8ca3-cc891402042a+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Property | Value |+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| attachments | [{u'device': u'/dev/vdb',u'server_id': u'e8cfdd25-45bb-406c-a9f6-23e6d51af094', u'id':u'f4dcfa82-f280-4e5f-8ca3-cc891402042a', u'host_name': None, u'volume_id':u'f4dcfa82-f280-4e5f-8ca3-cc891402042a'}] || availability_zone | nova || bootable | false || created_at | 2015-04-23T00:38:43.000000 || display_description | None || display_name | cinder-disk || encrypted | False || id | f4dcfa82-f280-4e5f-8ca3-cc891402042a || metadata | {u'readonly': u'False', u'attached_mode': u'rw'} ||os-vol-tenant-attr:tenant_id | 7b7130b52f834455b1a71e133dcf6369 || size | 1 || snapshot_id | None || source_volid | None || status | in-use || volume_type | None |+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ （4）显示云硬盘的状态，可以看到云硬盘已经挂载到云主机。# cinder list （5）在云主机中可以看到云硬盘/dev/vdb。$ sudofdisk -l Disk/dev/vda: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes255heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders, total 2097152 sectorsUnits =sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSectorsize (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDiskidentifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End BlocksIdSystem/dev/vda1 * 16065 2088449 1036192+ 83Linux Disk/dev/vdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes16 heads,63 sectors/track, 2080 cylinders, total 2097152 sectorsUnits =sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSectorsize (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier:0x00000000 Disk/dev/vdb doesn't contain a valid partition table 3、扩展云硬盘 （1）使用nova volume-detach断开云硬盘，其中cirros为云主机名称（或使用云主机ID：e8cfdd25-45bb-406c-a9f6-23e6d51af094），f4dcfa82-f280-4e5f-8ca3-cc891402042a为cinder list所显示的云硬盘ID。# nova volume-detach cirros f4dcfa82-f280-4e5f-8ca3-cc891402042a （2）显示云硬盘的状态# cinder list （3）将云硬盘cinder-disk扩展为2GB。# cinder extend cinder-disk 2 （4）显示云硬盘的状态# cinder list （5）可以将云硬盘挂载到云主机，确认云硬盘已扩展为2GB。# nova volume-attach cirros f4dcfa82-f280-4e5f-8ca3-cc891402042a /dev/vdb $ sudofdisk -l /dev/vdb Disk/dev/vdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes16 heads,63 sectors/track, 4161 cylinders, total 4194304 sectorsUnits =sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSectorsize (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDiskidentifier: 0x00000000 Disk/dev/vdb doesn't contain a valid partition table （6）断开并删除云硬盘# nova volume-detach cirros f4dcfa82-f280-4e5f-8ca3-cc891402042a # cinder delete cinder-disk # cinder list 正在删除云硬盘。 # cinder list 已删除云硬盘。图文详情，请查看附件。
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