[zz]Apache Thrift学习小记
参考：http://incubator.apache.org/thrift/
http://wiki.apache.org/thrift/FrontPage
http://jnb.ociweb.com/jnb/jnbJun2009.html非常好的入门教程
http://developers.facebook.com/thrift/thrift-20070401.pdfthrift开发者写的论文
http://wiki.apache.org/thrift/ThriftUsageC%2B%2B官方的c++文档
Thrift是个啥东东？
来自wiki.apache.org/thrift/FrontPage的定义
Thrift is a software framework for scalable cross-language services development.
Thrift是为了实现跨语言服务访问的一个框架
Thrift allows you to define data types and service interfaces in a simple definition file.
Thrift定义了数据和服务的描述方式，是一种IDL
Taking that file as input, the compiler generates code to be used to easily build RPC clients and servers that communicate seamlessly across programming languages.
写一个定义文件，就可以使用thrift来生成某种语言RPC客户端和服务端程序框架。你只需要考虑如何实现你的服务就可以了。并且它支持很多种语言。
这有点像web service, 定义好一个web service服务描述文件后，可以使用如axis等工具生成服务器端或客户端的框架程序。
为什么还需要Thrift
thrift-20070401.pdf中有解释。
1、多语言开发的需要
比如其中提到的搜索服务，LAMP本身没有这个功能，开发者可能使用C++开发，php如何访问这个服务呢？于是需要有一种高效的跨语言访问的方法。
2、性能问题
web service也可以实现多语言互访问的功能，但xml文件太大，性能不行。Thrift可以使用二进值的格式。
开始测试
实现一个简单的服务，就是根据loginName得到User, user中有userId,loginName, name, password
第一步，写Thrift IDL文件 ，user.thrift，
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[*]namespace java mytest.thrift.gen
[*]namespace py mytest.thrift
[*]struct User {
[*]1: i32 userId,
[*]2: string loginName,
[*]3: string password,
[*]4: string name
[*]}
[*]exception UserNotFound {
[*]1: string message
[*]}
[*]service UserService {
[*]User getUser(1:string loginName) throws (1:UserNotFound unf),
[*]list getUsers()
[*]}
第二步，生成java和python代码
thrift --gen java user.thrift
thrift --gen py user.thrift
第三步，实现java服务端
参见：http://wiki.apache.org/thrift/ThriftUsageJava
服务实现 UserServiceHandler.java
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[*]package myserver;
[*]import java.util.ArrayList;
[*]import java.util.List;
[*]import mytest.thrift.gen.User;
[*]import mytest.thrift.gen.UserNotFound;
[*]import mytest.thrift.gen.UserService;
[*]import org.apache.thrift.TException;
[*]public class UserServiceHandler implements UserService.Iface {
[*] @Override
[*] public User getUser(String loginName) throws UserNotFound, TException {
[*] if (!"login1".equals(loginName)) {
[*] UserNotFound e = new UserNotFound("User not Found!");
[*] throw e;
[*] }
[*] User user = new User();
[*] user.setUserId(100);
[*] user.setLoginName("login1");
[*] user.setPassword("pwd1");
[*] user.setName("user1");
[*] return user;
[*] }
[*] @Override
[*] public List getUsers() throws TException {
[*] List list = new ArrayList();
[*] User user = new User();
[*] user.setUserId(100);
[*] user.setLoginName("login1");
[*] user.setPassword("pwd1");
[*] user.setName("user1");
[*] list.add(user);
[*] User user2 = new User();
[*] user2.setUserId(200);
[*] user2.setLoginName("login2");
[*] user2.setPassword("pwd2");
[*] user2.setName("user2");
[*] list.add(user2);
[*] return list;
[*] }
[*]}
主程序 Server.java
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[*]package myserver;
[*]import mytest.thrift.gen.UserService;
[*]import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
[*]import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer;
[*]import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
[*]import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerTransport;
[*]public class Server {
[*] public static void main(String[] args) {
[*] try {
[*] UserServiceHandler handler = new UserServiceHandler();
[*] UserService.Processor processor = new UserService.Processor(handler);
[*] TServerTransport serverTransport = new TServerSocket(9090);
[*] TServer server = new TSimpleServer(processor, serverTransport);
[*] // Use this for a multithreaded server
[*] // server = new TThreadPoolServer(processor, serverTransport);
[*] System.out.println("Starting the server...");
[*] server.serve();
[*] } catch (Exception x) {
[*] x.printStackTrace();
[*] }
[*] System.out.println("done.");
[*] }
[*]}
第四步，实现java客户端
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[*]package myclient;
[*]import java.util.Iterator;
[*]import java.util.List;
[*]import mytest.thrift.gen.User;
[*]import mytest.thrift.gen.UserNotFound;
[*]import mytest.thrift.gen.UserService;
[*]import org.apache.thrift.TException;
[*]import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
[*]import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
[*]import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
[*]import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
[*]public class Client {
[*] public static void main(String[] args) {
[*] try {
[*] TTransport transport = new TSocket("localhost", 9090);
[*] TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
[*] UserService.Client client = new UserService.Client(protocol);
[*] transport.open();
[*] System.out.println("test1");
[*] try {
[*] User user1 = client.getUser("login1");
[*] System.out.println("name=" + user1.getName());
[*] } catch (UserNotFound e) {
[*] System.out.println(e.getMessage());
[*] }
[*]
[*] System.out.println("test2");
[*] try {
[*] User user2 = client.getUser("login10");
[*] System.out.println("name=" + user2.getName());
[*] } catch (UserNotFound e) {
[*] System.out.println(e.getMessage());
[*] }
[*]
[*] System.out.println("test3");
[*] List list = client.getUsers();
[*] Iterator it = list.iterator();
[*] while(it.hasNext()){
[*] User u = it.next();
[*] System.out.println("name=" + u.getName());
[*] }
[*] transport.close();
[*] } catch (TException x) {
[*] x.printStackTrace();
[*] }
[*] }
[*]}
第五步，实现python客户端
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[*]from mytest.thrift import UserService
[*]from mytest.thrift.ttypes import UserNotFound
[*]from thrift import Thrift
[*]from thrift.transport import TSocket
[*]from thrift.transport import TTransport
[*]from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol
[*]try:
[*] # Make socket
[*] transport = TSocket.TSocket('localhost', 9090)
[*] # Buffering is critical. Raw sockets are very slow
[*] transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)
[*] # Wrap in a protocol
[*] protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)
[*] # Create a client to use the protocol encoder
[*] client = UserService.Client(protocol)
[*] # Connect!
[*] transport.open()
[*] try:
[*] user1 = client.getUser("login1")
[*] print user1.name
[*] except UserNotFound, io:
[*] print '%r' % io
[*] # Close!
[*] transport.close()
[*]except Thrift.TException, tx:
[*] print '%s' % (tx.message)
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