Apache Camel 简介及扩展知识学习
以下摘自apache-camel-2.9.1下载包的Readme.txt文件Apache Camel is a powerful open source integration framework based on known Enterprise Integration Patterns with powerful Bean Integration.
Camel lets you create the Enterprise Integration Patterns to implement routing and mediation rules in
either a Java based Domain Specific Language(or Fluent API), via Spring based Xml Configuration files or via the Scala DSL.
This means you get smart completion of routing rules in your IDE whether in your Java, Scala or XML editor.
Apache Camel uses URIs so that it can easily work directly with any kind of transport or messaging model
such as HTTP, ActiveMQ, JMS, JBI, SCA, MINA or CXF Bus API together with working with pluggable Data Format options.
Apache Camel is a small library which has minimal dependencies for easy embedding in any Java application.
Apache Camel lets you work with the same API regardless which kind of Transport used,
so learn the API once and you will be able to interact with all the Components that is provided out-of-the-box.
Apache Camel has powerful Bean Binding and integrated seamless with popular frameworks such as Spring and Guice.
Apache Camel has extensive Testing support allowing you to easily unit test your routes.
Apache Camel can be used as a routing and mediation engine for the following projects:
[*]Apache ServiceMix which is the most popular and powerful distributed open source ESB, JBI and OSGi container
[*]Apache ActiveMQ which is the most popular and powerful open source message broker
[*]Apache CXF which is a smart web services suite (JAX-WS and JAX-RS)
[*]Apache MINA a networking framework
其中有部分概念不是很熟悉，在网上查找后将结果列在下面：
1. Scala：
一种多范式的编程语言，设计意图是要集成面向对象编程和函数式编程的各种特性。
http://baike.baidu.com/view/1588150.htm
http://www.oschina.net/p/scala/
2. JBI
JBI(Java Business Integration)是SUN公司解决SOA的方案，当然JBI没有得到IBM与BEA的承认（IBM与BEA等公司推荐SCA和SDO）。
JBI目的主要是在于创建一个可以集成各种组件服务的运行环境，当然这也是一种服务总线思想的体现。
http://baike.baidu.com/view/2175659.htm
http://hi.baidu.com/webidea/blog/item/6589ed007a28218ae850cdfd.html
3. SCA
服务组件体系结构（Service Component Architecture，SCA）是一组规范，描述了用于使用面向服务的体系结构来构建应用程序和系统的模型。
它提供了一种编程模型，能够十分方便、快速地来构建 SOA 所需的系统和应用。
SCA 提出了一种组合应用（composite applications）的概念，这些组合可以是各种符合 SOA 规范的服务，或者是已经构建好的其他组合应用。
通过这种灵活的编程方式，它可以很快地组装出各种所需的应用程序。
SCA 是目前实现 SOA 的最佳方式。
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/lp/sca/
从技术的角度来说，SCA是WSIF的延续和扩展。
SCA的目的是使用户在构建企业应用时有一个不再直接面对具体的技术细节的层次，而是通过服务组件的方式来构建应用。
这种方式也使得客户的企业应用具有良好的分层架构，能够很好的分离应用的业务逻辑和IT逻辑，不但易于应用的构建，也易于应用的更改和部署。
注：WSIF （Web Service Invocation Framework，最早由IBM提出并将它贡献给Apache组织，具体请参考http://ws.apache.org/wsif/）
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-sca/
4. MINA
(Multipurpose Infrastructure for Network Applications)
Apache 组织一个较新的项目，它为开发高性能和高可用性的网络应用程序提供了非常便利的框架。
当前发行的MINA 版本支持基于 Java NIO 技术的 TCP/UDP 应用程序开发、串口通讯程序（只在最新的预览版中提供）br/>MINA 所支持的功能也在进一步的扩展中。
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/ecf197eb172ded630b1cb633.html
MINA框架是对java的NIO包的一个封装，简化了NIO程序开发的难度。
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/ecf197eb172ded630b1cb633.html
Apache MINA is a network application framework which helps users develop high performance and high scalability network applications easily.
It provides an abstract ·event-driven· asynchronous API over various transports such as TCP/IP and UDP/IP via Java NIO.
http://mina.apache.org/
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