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一、LNMMP LNMMP环境是Linux + Nginx + Memcached + MySQL + PhP，即LNMP + memcached。 Memcached 是一个高性能的分布式内存对象缓存系统，用于动态Web应用以减轻数据库负载。它通过在内存中缓存数据和对象来减少读取数据库的次数，从而提供动态、数据库驱动网站的速度。Memcached基于一个存储键/值对的hashmap。其守护进程（daemon ）是用C写的，但是客户端可以用任何语言来编写，并通过memcached协议与守护进程通信。
二、工程拓扑
三、安装nginx服务器 1）部署开发环境 # yum -y install "Development tools" "Server Platform Development" 2）解决依赖 pcre-devel openssl-devel # yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel 3) 设置用户 # groupadd -r nginx # useradd -r -g nginx nginx 4）编译安装nginx-1.4.7 # tar xf nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz # cd nginx-1.4.7 # ./configure --prefix=/usr --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \ --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=\ /var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \--user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module --http-client-body-temp-path=\ /var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=\ /var/tmp/nginx/scgi --with-pcre # make && make install 5）检测配置文件语法 # /usr/sbin/nginx -t 6) 提供启动脚本 # vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx 内容如下 # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \ # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server # processname: nginx # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx" prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() { # make required directories user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -` options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'` for opt in $options; do if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2` if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then # echo "creating" $value mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value fi fi done }
start() { [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 make_dirs echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval }
stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc $prog -QUIT retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval }
restart() { configtest || return $? stop sleep 1 start }
reload() { configtest || return $? echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc $nginx -HUP RETVAL=$? echo }
force_reload() { restart }
configtest() { $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE }
rh_status() { status $prog }
rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 }
case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart|configtest) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" exit 2 esac 7)为服务脚本赋予执行权限 # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx 8）添加到系统服务并开机启动 # chkconfig --add nginx # chkconfig nginx on # chkconfig --list nigx 9) 设置nginx配置文件的语法高亮 # mkdir ./vim/syntax -pv # cd .vim/syntax # cd .vim # vim filetype.vim 内容如下 au BufRead,BufNewFile /etc/nginx/*,/usr/local/nginx/conf/* if &ft == '' | setfiletype nginx | endif 10）启动服务 # service nginx start # ss -tnalp | grep nginx
四、安装MySQL服务器 1.安装 # tar xf mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local # ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql 创建软连接，易于操作 2.为数据库创建数据目录 #mkdri -pv /mydata/data 3.新建用户以安全方式运行进程
#groupadd -r mysql //创建系统组mysql #useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql -M -D /mydata/data mysql //创建系统用户mysql #chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data //设置目录属主属组 4.初始化mysql
# cd /usr/local/mysql # scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata/data --user=mysql //初始化数据库 # chown -R root . //设置当前目录所有文件属主为root 5.提供脚本
#cd /usr/local/mysql #cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld //设置脚本mysqld #chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld //给脚本执行权限 # chkconfig --add mysqld //添加开机启动 # chkconfig mysqld on 6.提供配文件
#cd /usr/local/mysql #cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf #vim /etc/my.cnf thread_concurrency = 2 //修改，并发线程数，bithread_concurrency的值为CPU个数乘以2 datadir = /mydata/data #添加,mysql数据文件的存放路径： 7.其他配置
# vim /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh exportPATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH # source /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh #vim /etc/man.config MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man//添加此行 # ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql //输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include # echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf //输出mysql的库文件给系统库 #ldconfig //重载系统库： 8.启动服务
# service mysqld start # ss -tnl | grep 3306 9.用户初始化
#mysql mysql> use mysql mysql> selecthost,user,password from user; mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = ''; //删除空用户 mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = '::1'; //删除ipv6用户 mysql> UPDATE user SET password = PASSWORD('Hoolee') WHERE password = ''; //为root用户设置密码 mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
五、安装php服务器 1.解决开发环境和依赖关系 # yum -y install bzip2-devel # yum -y install libmcrypt-devel # yum -y groupinstall "Desktop Platform Development" 2.安装php
# tar xf php-5.4.26.tar.bz2 # cd /usr/src/php-5.4.26/ # ./configure--prefix=/usr/local/php --with-openssl --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib--with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --enable-maintainer-zts # make && make install 3.提供配置文件 # cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini 4.为php-fpm提供脚本，并将其添加到服务列表
# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm # chkconfig --add php-fpm # chkconfig php-fpm on 5.为php-fpm提供配置文件 # cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf 6.编辑php-fpm配置文件
# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf pm.max_children = 150 pm.start_servers = 8 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 10 pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid listen = 172.16.1.11:9000 7.启动php-fpm
# service php-fpm start # ps -aux | grep php-fpm
六、安装php加速器xcache 1.安装xcache
# tar xf xcache-3.0.3.tar.gz # cd xcache-3.0.3 # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize //phpize是用来安装php扩展模块的，通过phpize可以建立php的 外挂模块，若你想在原来编译好的php中加入memcached或者 ImageMagick等扩展模块，就需要使用phpize # # ./configure --enable=xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/ php-config # make && make install //显示xcache模块路径：/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/ 2.编辑配置文件，整合php + xcache
# vim xcache.ini //添加模块路径 extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/xcache.so # cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/ 3.重启php-fpm
# service php-fpm restart
七、配置nginx 1.编辑/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,实现动静分离
worker_processes 2; #worker进程的个数 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice; #错误日志路径及级别 events { worker_connections 1024; #每个worker能够并发响应的最大请求数 } http { include mime.types; #支持多媒体类型 default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; #由内核直接转发 #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 5; #持久连接5s gzip on; #开启压缩功能 server { listen 80; add_header X-via $server_addr; #让客户端能够看到代理服务器的IP location / { root html; index index.php index.html index.htm; } location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css)$ { #匹配静态内容 root html; #默认目录在/usr/local/nginx/html } location ~ \.php$ { #匹配动态php文件 root html; fastcgi_pass 172.16.7.11:9000; #代理到的服务器 fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME scripts$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }
} }
2.编辑/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; 3.重载nginx # service nginx reload
八、安装Memcached服务器 1.memcached特性 Memcached是一款开发工具，它既不是一个代码加速器，也不是数据库中间件。其设计哲学思想主要反映在如下方面： （1）简单key/value存储：服务器不关心数据本身的意义及结构，只要是可序列化数据即可。存储项由“键、过期时间、可选的标志及数据”四个部分组成； （2）功能的实现一半依赖于客户端，一半基于服务器端：客户负责发送存储项至服务器端、从服务端获取数据以及无法连接至服务器时采用相应的动作；服务端负责接收、存储数据，并负责数据项的超时过期； （3）各服务器间彼此无视：不在服务器间进行数据同步； （4）O(1)的执行效率 （5）清理超期数据：默认情况下，Memcached是一个LRU缓存，同时，它按事先预订的时长清理超期数据；但事实上，memcached不会删除任何已缓存数据，只是在其过期之后不再为客户所见；而且，memcached也不会真正按期限清理缓存，而仅是当get命令到达时检查其时长；
2.安装memcached a).部署开发环境，解决依赖关系
# yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment" -y # yum install -y libevent-devel b).编译安装memcached
# tar xf memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz # cd memcached-1.4.15 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent # make && make install c).为memcached提供启动脚本
#!/bin/bash # # Init file for memcached # # chkconfig: - 86 14 # description: Distributed memory caching daemon # # processname: memcached # config: /etc/sysconfig/memcached . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions ## Default variables PORT="11211" USER="nobody" MAXCONN="1024" CACHESIZE="64" OPTIONS="" RETVAL=0 prog="/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached" desc="Distributed memory caching" lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/memcached" start() { echo -n $"Starting $desc (memcached): " daemon $prog -d -p $PORT -u $USER -c $MAXCONN -m $CACHESIZE -o "$OPTIONS" RETVAL=$? [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && touch $lockfile || failure echo return $RETVAL } stop() { echo -n $"Shutting down $desc (memcached): " killproc $prog RETVAL=$? [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && rm -f $lockfile || failure echo return $RETVAL } restart() { stop start } reload() { echo -n $"Reloading $desc ($prog): " killproc $prog -HUP RETVAL=$? [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success || failure echo return $RETVAL } case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) restart ;; condrestart) [ -e $lockfile ] && restart RETVAL=$? ;; reload) reload ;; status) status $prog RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}" RETVAL=1 esac exit $RETVAL d).添加memcached至服务列表
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcached # chkconfig --add memcached # service memcached start e).检查是否运行 # ss -tnlp | grep 11211
九、安装php的memcached扩展 1.安装memcached扩展 # tar xf memcache-2.2.7.tgz # cd memcache-2.2.7 # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize # ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-memcache # make && make install 2.编辑配置文件，整合php + memcached # vim xcache.ini //添加模块路径 extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/memcache.so
3.重启php-fpm # service php-fpm restart
4.对memcached功能进行测试，在网站目录中建立测试页面test.php
//php服务器 # vim test.php <?php $mem = new Memcache; $mem->connect("172.16.1.13", 11211) or die("Could not connect"); $version = $mem->getVersion(); echo "Server's version: ".$version."<br/>\n"; $mem->set('hellokey', 'Hello World', 0, 600) or die("Failed to save data at the memcached server"); echo "Store data in the cache (data will expire in 600 seconds)<br/>\n"; $get_result = $mem->get('hellokey'); echo "$get_result is from memcached server."; ?> ~ 测试访问即可。 5.安装wordpress测试访问即可
十、安装memadmin-master查看memcached状态信息 1.解压即可使用 //解压至php服务器/usr/local/nginx/html/ # unzip memadmin-master.zip 2.测试访问
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