Terminal Cheatsheet for Mac ( basics )

芦雪742

SHORTCUTS



Key/Command
Description


Ctrl + A
Go to the beginning of the line you are currently typing on


Ctrl + E
Go to the end of the line you are currently typing on


Ctrl + L
Clears the Screen


Command + K
Clears the Screen


Ctrl + U
Clears the line before the cursor position. If you are at the end of the line, clears the entire line.


Ctrl + H
Same as backspace


Ctrl + R
Let’s you search through previously used commands


Ctrl + C
Kill whatever you are running


Ctrl + D
Exit the current shell


Ctrl + Z
Puts whatever you are running into a suspended background process. fg restores it.


Ctrl + W
Delete the word before the cursor


Ctrl + K
Clear the line after the cursor


Ctrl + T
Swap the last two characters before the cursor


Esc + T
Swap the last two words before the cursor


Alt + F
Move cursor forward one word on the current line


Alt + B
Move cursor backward one word on the current line


Tab
Auto-complete files and folder names


CORE
COMMANDS

cd	Home directory
cd [folder]	Change directory
cd ~	Home directory, e.g. ‘cd ~/folder/’
cd /	Root of drive
ls	Short listing
ls -l	Long listing
ls -a	Listing incl. hidden files
ls -lh	Long listing with Human readable file sizes
ls -R	Entire content of folder recursively
sudo [command]	Run command with the security privileges of the superuser (Super User DO)
open [file]	Opens a file ( as if you double clicked it )
top	Displays active processes. Press q to quit
nano [file]	Opens the Terminal it’s editor
pico[file]	Opens the Terminal it’s editor
q	Exit
clear	Clear screen

COMMAND
HISTORY

history n	Shows the stuff typed – add a number to limit the last n items
ctrl-r	Interactively search through previously typed commands
![value]	Execute the last command typed that starts with ‘value’
!!	Execute the last command typed

FILE
MANAGEMENT

touch [file]	Create new file
pwd	Full path to working directory
..	Parent/enclosing directory, e.g.
	‘ls -l ..’ = Long listing of parent directory
	‘cd ../../’ = Move 2 levels up
.	Current folder
cat	Concatenate to screen
rm [file]	Remove a file, e.g. rm [file] [file]
rm -i [file]	Remove with confirmation
rm -r [dir]	Remove a directory and contents
rm -f [file]	Force removal without confirmation
rm -i [file]	Will display prompt before
cp [file] [newfile]	Copy file to file
cp [file] [dir]	Copy file to directory
mv [file] [new filename]	Move/Rename, e.g. mv -v [file] [dir]

DIRECTORY
MANAGEMENT

mkdir [dir]	Create new directory
mkdir -p [dir]/[dir]	Create nested directories
rmdir [dir]	Remove directory ( only operates on empty directories )
rm -R [dir]	Remove directory and contents

PIPES
– Allows to combine multiple commands that generate output

more	Output content delivered in screensize chunks
> [file]	Push output to file, keep in mind it will get overwritten
>> [file]	Append output to existing file
<	Tell command to read content from a fi

HELP

[command] -h	Offers help
[command] —help	Offers help
[command] help	Offers help
reset	Resets the terminal display
man [command]	Show the help for ‘command’
whatis [command]	Gives a one-line description of ‘command’

　　
Last edited by 0nn0, a year ago



　　
　　
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Shutdown your Mac using a terminal command

　　The shutdown
command comes in handy if you want to shutdown or
reboot your Mac at a specific time. Here are some of the examples. You
should be a super user to use these commands.

sudo
shutdown [
options]
when [
message]







　　Some examples.
　　

Shutdown immediately:

sudo
shutdown -h
now






　　Restart immediately:

sudo
shutdown -r
now






　　Shutdown at 9 pm:

sudo
shutdown -h
21
:00






　　Shutdown in 5 minutes:

sudo
shutdown -h
+5







　　Restart immediately

sudo
reboot






　　Shutdown immediately

sudo
halt






　　If you are not an admin user non of the above commands are going to help. If that’s the case try the following commands.
　　

Shutdown immediately:

osascript -
e 'tell application "System Events" to shut down'







　　Restart immediately:

osascript -
e 'tell application "System Events" to restart'







　　Sleep:

osascript -
e 'tell application "System Events" to sleep'







　　Logout:

osascript -
e 'tell application "System Events" to log out'








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Linux / Unix: curl Command Download File Example
　　
　　I
know how to use wget command
to grab files. But, how do you download file using curl command line
under Linux / Mac OS X / BSD or Unix like operating systems?


GNU wget is a free utility for non-interactive download
of files from the Web. curl is another tool to transfer data from or to
a server, using one of the supported protocols such as HTTP, HTTPS,
FTP, FTPS, SCP, SFTP, TFTP, DICT, TELNET, LDAP or FILE). The command is
designed to work without user interaction. curl offers many features
such as:

• Proxy support.
  
• User authentication.
  
• FTP upload.
  
• HTTP post.
  
• SSL connections.
  
• Cookies.
  
• File transfer resume and more.
  

curl download file
　　The syntax is as follows to grab (download) files from remote http/ftp server:

curl -o output.file
http://server1.cyberciti.biz/file
.tar
.gz

　　OR

curl -O http://server1.cyberciti.biz/file
.tar
.gz

　　OR

curl --remote-name http://server1.cyberciti.biz/file
.tar
.gz
　　You can download a web page and store in a local file as follows:

curl -o nixcraft.html http://www.cyberciti.biz/low.html

　　You can grab or download multiple files as follows:

curl -O http://www.cyberciti.biz/low.html -O http://bash.cyberciti.biz/dl/581
.sh
.zip

curl download file from an ssh server
　　You can grab file securely using from an SSH server using SFTP:

curl -u username sftp://server1.cyberciti.biz/path/to/file
.txt

　　OR (note ~ means your $HOME)

curl -u vivek sftp://home1.cyberciti.biz/~/docs/resume.pdf

　　You can grab a file from an SSH server using SCP using a private key to authenticate. The syntax is:

curl -u username: --key ~/.ssh
/id_rsa --pubkey ~/.ssh
/id_rsa.pub scp
://home1.cyberciti.biz/~/Videos/rhn_register.ogv
　　Where,

• 
  -u username
  - Specify the user name (and optional password) to use for server authentication.
  
• 
  -u username:password
  - Specify the user name (and optional password) to use for server authentication.
  
• 
  --key ~/.ssh/id_rsa
  - SSL or SSH private key file name. Allows you to provide your private key in this separate file.
  
• 
  --pubkey ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
  - SSH Public key file name. Allows you to provide your public key in this separate file.
  
• 
  scp://home1.cyberciti.biz/~/Videos/rhn_register.ogv
  - Use scp protocol and download file from my home server called home1.cyberciti.biz.
  

Curl: Download a file using username and password
　　The syntax is as follows to grab a file using ftp username and password:

curl ftp://username:passwd@ftp1.cyberciti.biz:21/path/to/backup.tar.gz

　　OR

curl -u UserName:PassWord ftp
://ftp1.cyberciti.biz:21
/backups/07
/07
/2012
/mysql.blog.sql.tar
.gz
　　Secure ftp user (ftp with ssl) can pass the --ftp-ssl option to curl command:

curl --ftp-ssl -u UserName:PassWord ftp
://ftp1.cyberciti.biz:21
/backups/07
/07
/2012
/mysql.blog.sql.tar
.gz
HTTP authentication
　　HTTP user can use the following syntax:

 curl http://username:passwd
@server1.cyberciti.biz/file
/path/data.tar
.gz

　　OR

 curl -u Username:Password http://server1.cyberciti.biz/file
/path/data.tar
.gz