探索ORACLE之RMAN_04非一致性备份

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　　探索ORACLE之RMAN_04非一致性备份
　　作者：吴伟龙
　　
　　在上一篇博文中提到了数据库的一致性备份，操作非常的简单。只需要一条很短的命令即可完成，但是如果要创建一正式库的备份，一般不建议用一致性备份，也不建议用很简单的名来完成。而是更多的采用脚本实现非一致性备份，这样将可通过backup+archive log+redo有效的将数据恢复到最近一次改变的状态，可以达到数据的丢失最小化。
　　创建非一致性备份
　　创建非一致性备份数据库必须处于归档(archivelog)模式，因为非一致性备份的数据库文件和控制文件的SCN号可能会不一致。并且可以在数据库打开并不影响业务的情况下完成数据的备份工作；那么这样的备份将是不一致性的备份，那么如果要恢复可以通过backup+archivelog+redo来恢复到最近一次日志切换时候的数据，而不是最后一次备份时候的数据。
　　1.1检查归档状态：
　　SQL> archive log list;
　　Database log modeNo Archive Mode
　　Automaticarchival Disabled
　　ArchivedestinationUSE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
　　Oldest onlinelog sequence 9
　　Current logsequence 11
　　SQL>
　　
　　必须打开归档归档
　　SQL> shutdown immediate-----打开归档必须将数据库重启到mount状态
　　Databaseclosed.
　　Databasedismounted.
　　ORACLE instanceshut down.
　　SQL> startup mount;
　　ORACLE instancestarted.
　　
　　Total SystemGlobal Area 285212672 bytes
　　Fixed Size 1218968 bytes
　　VariableSize 79693416 bytes
　　DatabaseBuffers 197132288 bytes
　　RedoBuffers 7168000 bytes
　　Databasemounted.
　　
　　SQL> alter database archivelog;----执行开启归档命令
　　
　　Databasealtered.
　　
　　SQL> alter database open;-----打开数据库
　　
　　Databasealtered.
　　
　　SQL> colinstance_name format a15
　　SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;----查看数据库状态
　　INSTANCE_NAMESTATUS
　　---------------------------------------
　　WWLOPEN
　　SQL>
　　SQL> archive log list;------查看归档状态，已经是归档状态了
　　Database log modeArchive Mode
　　Automatic archivalEnabled
　　ArchivedestinationUSE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
　　Oldest onlinelog sequence 9
　　Next logsequence to archive 11
　　Current logsequence 11
　　SQL>
　　
　　1.2执行备份(执行备份命令实际上是跟一致性备份是一样的)
　　1.2.1备份数据库
　　RMAN> backup database;
　　
　　Starting backupat 23-MAY-12
　　allocatedchannel: ORA_DISK_1
　　channelORA_DISK_1: sid=145 devtype=DISK
　　channelORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
　　channelORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
　　input datafilefno=00001 name=/DBData/WWL/system01.dbf
　　input datafilefno=00003 name=/DBData/WWL/sysaux01.dbf
　　input datafilefno=00002 name=/DBData/WWL/undotbs01.dbf
　　input datafilefno=00004 name=/DBData/WWL/users01.dbf
　　channelORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-MAY-12
　　channelORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-MAY-12
　　piecehandle=/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0anbmtkr_1_1 tag=TAG20120523T121210 comment=NONE
　　channelORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:46
　　Finished backupat 23-MAY-12
　　
　　Starting ControlFile and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-MAY-12
　　piecehandle=/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-5520179-20120523-00 comment=NONE
　　Finished ControlFile and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-MAY-12
　　
　　RMAN>
　　
　　
　　1.2.2备份USER表空间
　　RMAN>backuptablespace users;
　　
　　Starting backupat 23-MAY-12
　　using channelORA_DISK_1
　　channelORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
　　channelORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
　　input datafilefno=00004 name=/DBData/WWL/users01.dbf
　　channelORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-MAY-12
　　channelORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-MAY-12
　　piecehandle=/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0cnbn2a3_1_1 tag=TAG20120523T133147 comment=NONE
　　channelORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
　　Finished backupat 23-MAY-12
　　
　　Starting ControlFile and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-MAY-12
　　piece handle=/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-5520179-20120523-01comment=NONE
　　Finished ControlFile and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-MAY-12
　　
　　RMAN>
　　
　　1.2.3备份数据文件
　　RMAN> backup datafile 1,2,3;
　　
　　Starting backupat 23-MAY-12
　　using channelORA_DISK_1
　　channelORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
　　channelORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
　　input datafilefno=00001 name=/DBData/WWL/system01.dbf
　　input datafilefno=00003 name=/DBData/WWL/sysaux01.dbf
　　input datafile fno=00002name=/DBData/WWL/undotbs01.dbf
　　channelORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-MAY-12
　　channelORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-MAY-12
　　piecehandle=/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0enbn2bk_1_1 tag=TAG20120523T133235 comment=NONE
　　channelORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:48
　　Finished backupat 23-MAY-12
　　
　　Starting ControlFile and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-MAY-12
　　piecehandle=/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-5520179-20120523-02 comment=NONE
　　Finished ControlFile and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-MAY-12
　　
　　RMAN>
　　
　　1.2.4备份控制文件
　　RMAN> backup current controlfile;
　　
　　Starting backupat 23-MAY-12
　　using channelORA_DISK_1
　　channelORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
　　channelORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
　　includingcurrent control file in backupset
　　channelORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-MAY-12
　　channelORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-MAY-12
　　piecehandle=/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0gnbn2je_1_1 tag=TAG20120523T133645 comment=NONE
　　channelORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
　　Finished backupat 23-MAY-12
　　
　　Starting ControlFile and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-MAY-12
　　piecehandle=/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-5520179-20120523-03 comment=NONE
　　Finished ControlFile and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-MAY-12
　　
　　RMAN>
　　
　　1.2.5备份spfile文件
　　RMAN> backup spfile;
　　
　　Starting backupat 23-MAY-12
　　using channelORA_DISK_1
　　channelORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
　　channelORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
　　includingcurrent SPFILE in backupset
　　channelORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-MAY-12
　　channelORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-MAY-12
　　piecehandle=/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0inbn2l2_1_1 tag=TAG20120523T133737 comment=NONE
　　channelORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
　　Finished backupat 23-MAY-12
　　
　　Starting ControlFile and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-MAY-12
　　piecehandle=/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-5520179-20120523-04 comment=NONE
　　Finished ControlFile and SPFILE Autobackup at 23-MAY-12
　　
　　RMAN>
　　
　　1.2.6查看我们刚才备份的信息：
　　RMAN> list backup;
　　如下信息是之前做的备份：
　　using target database control file instead of recoverycatalog
　　
　　List of Backup Sets
　　===================
　　
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　2Full 522.59MDISK 00:00:59 18-MAY-12
　　BP Key:2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120518T185700
　　Piece Name:/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_18_04nbaffs_1_1
　　List of Datafilesin backup set 2
　　File LV Type CkpSCN Ckp Time Name
　　---- -- -------------- --------- ----
　　1 Full 618100 18-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/system01.dbf
　　2 Full 618100 18-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/undotbs01.dbf
　　3 Full 618100 18-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/sysaux01.dbf
　　4 Full 618100 18-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/users01.dbf
　　
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　3Full 6.80MDISK 00:00:02 18-MAY-12
　　BP Key:3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120518T185806
　　Piece Name:/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-5520179-20120518-01
　　Control FileIncluded: Ckp SCN: 618100 Ckp time:18-MAY-12
　　SPFILE Included:Modification time: 18-MAY-12
　　
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　4Full 523.54MDISK 00:01:09 21-MAY-12
　　BP Key:4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120521T145403
　　Piece Name:/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_21_06nbhucb_1_1
　　List of Datafilesin backup set 4
　　File LV Type CkpSCN Ckp Time Name
　　---- -- -------------- --------- ----
　　1 Full 622304 21-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/system01.dbf
　　2 Full 622304 21-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/undotbs01.dbf
　　3 Full 622304 21-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/sysaux01.dbf
　　4 Full 622304 21-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/users01.dbf
　　
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　5Full 6.80MDISK 00:00:01 21-MAY-12
　　BP Key:5 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120521T145520
　　Piece Name:/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-5520179-20120521-00
　　Control FileIncluded: Ckp SCN: 622304 Ckp time:21-MAY-12
　　SPFILE Included:Modification time: 21-MAY-12
　　
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　6Full 368.00KDISK 00:00:00 21-MAY-12
　　BP Key:6 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120521T151349
　　Piece Name:/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_21_08nbhvhe_1_1
　　List of Datafilesin backup set 6
　　File LV Type CkpSCN Ckp Time Name
　　---- -- -------------- --------- ----
　　4 Full 622968 21-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/users01.dbf
　　
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　7Full 6.80MDISK 00:00:01 21-MAY-12
　　BP Key:7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120521T151351
　　Piece Name:/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-5520179-20120521-01
　　Control FileIncluded: Ckp SCN: 622968 Ckp time:21-MAY-12
　　SPFILE Included:Modification time: 21-MAY-12
　　
　　今天的备份信息如下：
　　如下是全库备份信息：
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　8Full 524.66MDISK 00:01:36 23-MAY-12
　　BP Key:8 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120523T121210
　　Piece Name:/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0anbmtkr_1_1
　　List of Datafilesin backup set 8
　　File LV Type CkpSCN Ckp Time Name
　　---- -- -------------- --------- ----
　　1 Full 649219 23-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/system01.dbf
　　2 Full 649219 23-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/undotbs01.dbf
　　3 Full 649219 23-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/sysaux01.dbf
　　4 Full 649219 23-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/users01.dbf
　　
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　9Full 6.80MDISK 00:00:01 23-MAY-12
　　BP Key:9 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120523T121358
　　Piece Name:/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-5520179-20120523-00
　　Control FileIncluded: Ckp SCN: 649233 Ckp time:23-MAY-12
　　SPFILE Included:Modification time: 23-MAY-12
　　
　　
　　如下是备份USER表空间信息：
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　10Full 432.00KDISK 00:00:01 23-MAY-12
　　BP Key: 10 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120523T133147
　　Piece Name:/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0cnbn2a3_1_1
　　List of Datafilesin backup set 10
　　File LV Type CkpSCN Ckp Time Name
　　---- -- -------------- --------- ----
　　4 Full 651081 23-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/users01.dbf
　　
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　11Full 6.80MDISK 00:00:03 23-MAY-12
　　BP Key:11 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120523T133151
　　Piece Name:/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-5520179-20120523-01
　　Control FileIncluded: Ckp SCN: 651086 Ckp time:23-MAY-12
　　SPFILE Included:Modification time: 23-MAY-12
　　
　　
　　如下是备份数据文件1，2，3的信息：
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　12Full 524.61MDISK 00:01:42 23-MAY-12
　　BP Key:12 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120523T133235
　　Piece Name:/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0enbn2bk_1_1
　　List of Datafilesin backup set 12
　　File LV Type CkpSCN Ckp Time Name
　　---- -- -------------- --------- ----
　　1 Full 651104 23-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/system01.dbf
　　2 Full 651104 23-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/undotbs01.dbf
　　3 Full 651104 23-MAY-12 /DBData/WWL/sysaux01.dbf
　　
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　13Full 6.80MDISK 00:00:01 23-MAY-12
　　BP Key:13 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120523T133424
　　Piece Name:/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-5520179-20120523-02
　　Control FileIncluded: Ckp SCN: 651119 Ckp time:23-MAY-12
　　SPFILE Included:Modification time: 23-MAY-12
　　
　　
　　如下备份的是控制文件信息：
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　14Full 6.77MDISK 00:00:01 23-MAY-12
　　BP Key:14 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120523T133645
　　Piece Name:/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0gnbn2je_1_1
　　Control FileIncluded: Ckp SCN: 651150 Ckp time:23-MAY-12
　　
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　15Full 6.80MDISK 00:00:01 23-MAY-12
　　BP Key:15 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120523T133648
　　Piece Name:/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-5520179-20120523-03
　　Control FileIncluded: Ckp SCN: 651154 Ckp time:23-MAY-12
　　SPFILE Included:Modification time: 23-MAY-12
　　
　　
　　如下是备份spfile文件的信息：
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　16Full 80.00KDISK 00:00:01 23-MAY-12
　　BP Key:16 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120523T133737
　　Piece Name:/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0inbn2l2_1_1
　　SPFILE Included:Modification time: 23-MAY-12
　　
　　BS KeyType LVSize Device Type Elapsed TimeCompletion Time
　　------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ---------------------------
　　17Full 6.80MDISK 00:00:02 23-MAY-12
　　BP Key:17 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120523T133740
　　Piece Name:/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-5520179-20120523-04
　　Control FileIncluded: Ckp SCN: 651175 Ckp time:23-MAY-12
　　SPFILE Included:Modification time: 23-MAY-12
　　
　　RMAN>
　　
　　恢复大综合：
　　 介于Rman恢复的自动性，我们刚才对数据库的全库，单表空间，数据文件控制文件和参数文件都做了备份，这些备份的内容是数据库运行不可缺少的必要元素，通常情况下我们在生产库中只需要备份这些内容即可。有了这些备份，即使数据库的的任何信息丢失，我们都可以得以恢复使得数据库的正常运行，当然如果我们将archivelog 也备份，当然就会更好了，一般情况下这个可以不用备份，备份archive log占用空间非常大。如果有海量的储存，当然备份也无妨咯。
　　
　　Egg:
　　2.1 删除数据库的所有文件，仅保留redo日志和archivelog文件
　　
　　删除控制文件：
　　[oracle@wwldb WWL]$ pwd
　　/DBData/oradata/WWL
　　[oracle@wwldb WWL]$ ls
　　control02.ctl control03.ctl
　　[oracle@wwldb WWL]$ rm -rf *.ctl
　　[oracle@wwldbWWL]$
　　[oracle@wwldb WWL]$ pwd
　　/DBSoft/oradata/WWL
　　[oracle@wwldb WWL]$ ls
　　control01.ctl
　　[oracle@wwldb WWL]$ rm -rf control01.ctl
　　[oracle@wwldbWWL]$
　　
　　删除数据文件：
　　[oracle@wwldb WWL]$ ls
　　redo01.log redo02.logredo03.log sysaux01.dbf system01.dbftemp01.dbf undotbs01.dbf users01.dbf
　　[oracle@wwldb WWL]$ rm -rf *.dbf
　　[oracle@wwldb WWL]$ ls
　　redo01.log redo02.logredo03.log
　　[oracle@wwldbWWL]$
　　
　　删除参数文件：
　　[oracle@wwldb dbs]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
　　[oracle@wwldb dbs]$ rm -rf spfileWWL.ora
　　[oracle@wwldbdbs]$
　　
　　执行大恢复
　　1、现在数据库是关闭状态
　　[oracle@wwldb dbs]$ ps -ef|grep ora
　　root 29102888 0 10:02 ? 00:00:15 hald-addon-storage: polling/dev/hdc
　　root 289543478 0 11:38 pts/1 00:00:00 su - oracle
　　oracle 28955 289540 11:38 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash
　　root 293613438 0 13:41 pts/2 00:00:00 su - oracle
　　oracle 29362 293610 13:41 pts/2 00:00:01 -bash
　　oracle 29988 293620 16:06 pts/2 00:00:00sqlplus as sysdba
　　oracle 30102 289550 17:03 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
　　oracle 30103 289550 17:03 pts/1 00:00:00 grep ora
　　[oracle@wwldbdbs]$
　　
　　2、要恢复首先要将数据库启动到mount状态才能恢复
　　[oracle@wwldb dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
　　SQL*Plus:Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed May 23 17:03:42 2012
　　Copyright (c)1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
　　Connected to anidle instance.
　　
　　SQL> startup
　　ORA-01078:failure in processing system parameters
　　LRM-00109: couldnot open parameter file '/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initWWL.ora'
　　SQL>
　　
　　3、因为数据库没有参数文件，起不来，只能能启动到nomount状态
　　[oracle@wwldb dbs]$ rman target /
　　RecoveryManager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed May 23 17:06:32 2012
　　Copyright (c)1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
　　connected totarget database (not started)
　　
　　RMAN> startup force nomount;
　　startup failed:ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
　　LRM-00109: couldnot open parameter file '/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initWWL.ora'
　　starting Oracleinstance without parameter file for retrival of spfile
　　Oracle instancestarted
　　
　　Total System GlobalArea 159383552 bytes
　　Fixed Size 1218244 bytes
　　VariableSize 58722620 bytes
　　DatabaseBuffers 92274688 bytes
　　RedoBuffers 7168000 bytes
　　
　　RMAN>
　　
　　4、开始恢复参数文件，只有恢复了参数文件和控制文件数据库才能到mount状态来恢复数据文件：
　　
　　RMAN> restorespfile from autobackup;
　　
　　Starting restoreat 23-MAY-12
　　using targetdatabase control file instead of recovery catalog
　　allocatedchannel: ORA_DISK_1
　　channelORA_DISK_1: sid=36 devtype=DISK
　　
　　RMAN-00571:===========================================================
　　RMAN-00569:=============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
　　RMAN-00571:===========================================================
　　RMAN-03002:failure of restore command at 05/23/2012 17:08:42
　　RMAN-06495: mustexplicitly specify DBID with SET DBID command
　　
　　RMAN>
　　注意：这里有问题了，spfile无法恢复，必须指定DBID。我记得在每次登录到rman的时候都会显示一个数据库的DBID，但是为什么这里要我们指定DBID呢？？？原因很简单，因为我们登录RMAN的时候，数据库已经宕机了，而且参数文件，控制文件，数据文件都没有了，它到哪里去找DBID；所以需要我们手动来指定，问题是现在既然登录的时候不显示，我们也不知道在哪里呀,如下:
　　
　　[oracle@wwldb dbs]$ rman target /
　　Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on WedMay 23 17:06:32 2012
　　Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.
　　connected to targetdatabase (not started)
　　
　　没关系的因为我们的控制文件做了自动备份，在自动备份的控制文件里面已经存在了DBID，我们现在去找找吧，默认就备份在如下位置：
　　[oracle@wwldb dbs]$ pwd
　　/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs
　　[oracle@wwldb dbs]$ ls
　　c-5520179-20120518-01 c-5520179-20120523-01 hc_WWL.datlkWWL
　　
　　其中5520179就是DBID了，我们只需要通过指定这个DBID，就可以将spfile恢复并将数据库启动到mount状态。
　　
　　RMAN> set DBID=5520179
　　executingcommand: SET DBID
　　
　　RMAN> restore spfile from autobackup;
　　Starting restoreat 23-MAY-12
　　using targetdatabase control file instead of recovery catalog
　　allocatedchannel: ORA_DISK_1
　　channelORA_DISK_1: sid=39 devtype=DISK
　　
　　channelORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20120523
　　channelORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-5520179-20120523-04
　　channelORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete
　　Finished restoreat 23-MAY-12
　　
　　RMAN>
　　
　　5、恢复控制文件
　　RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;
　　
　　Starting restoreat 23-MAY-12
　　using channelORA_DISK_1
　　
　　channelORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20120523
　　channelORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-5520179-20120523-04
　　channelORA_DISK_1: control file restore from autobackup complete
　　outputfilename=/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/cntrlWWL.dbf
　　Finished restoreat 23-MAY-12
　　
　　RMAN>
　　
　　重启数据库到mount状态---很重要
　　SQL> startup mount;
　　ORACLE instancestarted.
　　Total SystemGlobal Area 285212672 bytes
　　Fixed Size 1218968 bytes
　　VariableSize 79693416 bytes
　　DatabaseBuffers 197132288 bytes
　　RedoBuffers 7168000 bytes
　　Databasemounted.
　　
　　SQL> exit
　　Disconnectedfrom Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
　　With thePartitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
　　
　　[oracle@wwldb dbs]$ rman target /
　　RecoveryManager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed May 23 19:04:15 2012
　　Copyright (c)1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
　　connected totarget database: WWL (DBID=5520179, not open)
　　
　　注意：详细参考如下：
　　http://blog.csdn.net/wuweilong/article/details/7596056
　　http://space.itpub.net/?uid-20674423-action-viewspace-itemid-730717
　　
　　6、恢复数据库其它的数据文件：
　　RMAN> restore database;
　　Starting restoreat 23-MAY-12
　　using targetdatabase control file instead of recovery catalog
　　allocatedchannel: ORA_DISK_1
　　channelORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
　　
　　channelORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
　　channelORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
　　restoringdatafile 00004 to /DBData/WWL/users01.dbf
　　channelORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0cnbn2a3_1_1
　　channelORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
　　piece handle=/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0cnbn2a3_1_1tag=TAG20120523T133147
　　channelORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
　　channelORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
　　channelORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
　　restoringdatafile 00001 to /DBData/WWL/system01.dbf
　　restoringdatafile 00002 to /DBData/WWL/undotbs01.dbf
　　restoringdatafile 00003 to /DBData/WWL/sysaux01.dbf
　　channelORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0enbn2bk_1_1
　　channelORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
　　piecehandle=/DBBak/bak_WWL_05_23_0enbn2bk_1_1 tag=TAG20120523T133235
　　channelORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
　　Finished restoreat 23-MAY-12
　　
　　RMAN>
　　RMAN> recover database;
　　Starting recoverat 23-MAY-12
　　using channel ORA_DISK_1
　　starting mediarecovery
　　media recovery complete,elapsed time: 00:00:05
　　Finished recoverat 23-MAY-12
　　
　　RMAN> alter database open;---------我们看到数据库已经打开了处于open状态
　　database opened
　　
　　SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;
　　INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
　　----------------------------
　　WWLOPEN
　　
　　SQL>
　　
　　注意：
　　restore：是将物理的数据文件从备份集中恢复出到原来的位置
　　recover：是利用redo日志，将备份点后的数据库通过redo日志重做