Oracle约束的关键字Enable/Disable/Validate/Novalidate

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1 组合特性说明

	Validate	Novalidate
已有记录	新增/删除记录	已有记录	新增/删除记录
Enable	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Disable	Yes	No	No	No

Validate确保已有数据符合约束；
Novalidate不必考虑已有数据是否符合约束。

除非Novalidate被指定，Enable默认Validate；
除非Validate被指定，Disable默认Novalidate。

Enable Validate与Enable相同，检查已有记录和新增记录，确保都符合约束；
Enable Novalidate 允许已有记录不必满足约束条件，但新增/修改的记录必须满足；
Disable Validate禁用约束，删除约束上的索引，不允许修改任何被约束的记录；
Disable Novalidate与Disable相同，禁用约束，删除约束上的索引，且允许修改被约束的记录。
2 建表

SQL> create table test(id int, name varchar2(10));

Table created

SQL> alter table test add constraint ck_id check(id > 10);

Table altered

3 测试1: Enable Validate

SQL> alter table test Enable validate constraint ck_id;

Table altered

SQL> insert into test values(5, 'Oracle');

insert into test values(5, 'Oracle')

ORA-02290: 违反检查约束条件 (MYHR.CK_ID)

SQL> insert into test values(17,'ERP');

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

4 测试2: Enable Novalidate

SQL> alter table test disable constraint ck_id;

Table altered

SQL> insert into test values(5, 'Oracle');

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> select * from test;

ID NAME

----------- ----------

17 ERP

5 Oracle

SQL> alter table test enable novalidate constraint ck_id;

Table altered

SQL> insert into test values(32, 'SAP');

1 row inserted

SQL> insert into test values(3, 'Linux');

insert into test values(3, 'Linux')

ORA-02290: 违反检查约束条件 (MYHR.CK_ID)

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

5 测试3: Disable Validate

SQL> delete from test where id < 10;

1 row deleted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> alter table test disable validate constraint ck_id;

Table altered

SQL> select * from test;

ID NAME

------------- ----------

17 ERP

32 SAP

SQL> update test set name = 'Change' where id = 17;

update test set name = 'Change' where id = 17

ORA-25128: 不能对带有禁用和验证约束条件 (MYHR.CK_ID) 的表进行插入/更新/删除

6 测试4: Disable Novalidate

SQL> alter table test disable novalidate constraint ck_id;

Table altered

SQL> insert into test values(2, 'Linux');

1 row inserted

SQL> insert into test values(13, 'Windows');

1 row inserted

SQL> update test set name = 'Change' where id = 17;

1 row updated

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> select * from test;

ID NAME

---------- ----------

17 Change

13 Windows

32 SAP

2 Linux