tomcat配置https详述(SSL)

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一般的网页传输都是基于http协议，在网络中流通的信息都为明文，非常容易泄密。为保证网站信息不被中间服务器或者其它探测软件捕获，一般企业都使用SSL对网页内容加密，下面介绍tomcat中的SSL加密，详细可参考链接：http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/ssl-howto.html
tomcat的加密根据自身的特色分两种情况，一种为使用Java runtime(非APR)，一种为OpenSSL library (through APR/Tomcat-Native). 这两种的配置完全不同，下面分别介绍，读者可以按自己应用的情况分别选择。
一、Java runtime(非APR)情况
  1、产生client /server java key store

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.SignatureException;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateEncodingException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.security.auth.x500.X500Principal;
import javax.security.auth.x500.X500PrivateCredential;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.asymmetric.ec.KeyPairGenerator;
import org.bouncycastle.x509.X509V3CertificateGenerator;
/**
*
* Tomcat HTTPS client/server key Certificate generator
*
*/
public class TomcatKey {
//Client Certificate
static String TRUST_STORE_NAME = "client";
static char[] TRUST_STORE_PASSWORD = "test".toCharArray();
//Server Certificate
static String SERVER_NAME = "server";
static char[] SERVER_PASSWORD = "test".toCharArray();
static String SERVER_HOST = "localhost";
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// trustsotre, my root certificate
KeyStore store = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
// initialize
store.load(null, null);
KeyPair rootPair = generateKeyPair();
X500PrivateCredential rootCredential = createRootCredential(rootPair);
store.setCertificateEntry(TRUST_STORE_NAME, rootCredential
.getCertificate());
store.store(new FileOutputStream(TRUST_STORE_NAME + ".keystore"),
TRUST_STORE_PASSWORD);
// server credentials
store = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
store.load(null, null);
store.setKeyEntry(SERVER_NAME, rootCredential.getPrivateKey(),
SERVER_PASSWORD, new Certificate[] { rootCredential
.getCertificate() });
store.store(new FileOutputStream(SERVER_NAME + ".keystore"),
SERVER_PASSWORD);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//generate Key Pair
public static KeyPair generateKeyPair() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
NoSuchProviderException {
// create the keys
java.security.KeyPairGenerator generator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
generator.initialize(1024, new SecureRandom());
return generator.generateKeyPair();
}
//generate certificate
public static X500PrivateCredential createRootCredential(KeyPair rootPair) throws Exception {
X509Certificate rootCert = generateX509V3RootCertificate(rootPair);
return new X500PrivateCredential(rootCert, rootPair.getPrivate());
}
public static X509Certificate generateX509V3RootCertificate(KeyPair pair)throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
NoSuchProviderException, CertificateEncodingException, InvalidKeyException,
IllegalStateException, SignatureException {
X509V3CertificateGenerator certGen = new X509V3CertificateGenerator();
certGen.setSerialNumber(BigInteger.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()));
certGen.setIssuerDN(new X500Principal("CN=" + SERVER_HOST+ ", OU=GoldenSF, O=SHA, C=cn"));
certGen.setNotBefore(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() - 5000L));
certGen.setSubjectDN(new X500Principal("CN=" + SERVER_HOST+ ", OU=GoldenSF, O=SHA, C=cn"));
certGen.setPublicKey(pair.getPublic());
certGen.setSignatureAlgorithm("SHA1WithRSA");
certGen.setNotAfter(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + Integer.MAX_VALUE));
return certGen.generate(pair.getPrivate(), new SecureRandom());  
}
}


  2、将产生的文件：client.keystore, and server.keystore放到apache-tomcat-7/conf下面
  3、修改/conf/server.xml如下：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">  
<!--<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />  -->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<GlobalNamingResources>
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
description="User database that can be updated and saved"
factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
</GlobalNamingResources>
<Service name="Catalina">
<Connector port="443" SSLEnabled="true"
maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"   
keystoreFile="conf/server.keystore" keystorePass="test"
truststoreFile ="conf/client.keystore" truststorePass="test"/>
<Connector port="8009" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="443" protocol="AJP/1.3" />   
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">   
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">   
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"  
prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" resolveHosts="false"/>
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>


  4、启动tomcat, 如果 https://localhost/ 能正常打开，说明配置成功。
一些注意：
  1）如果不使用JAVA文件生成keystore,也可以通过JDK自带的命令生成，
    如生成服务器端证书 keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -dname "cn=localhost,ou=test,o=test,l=hongkong,st=hk,c=hk" -alias server -keypass asdfzxcv23 -keystore server.jks -storepass asdfzxcv23 -validity 3650 客户端的CN可以是任意值,具体的可以参考相关文章
  2）在修改server.xml时，需要将tomcat的默认APR配置删除
  <!--<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />  -->
  3）如果之前有APR的配置，需要删除文件bin\tcnative-1.dll
  4）注意JAVA文件生成的key和密码一定要与配置中的一致，区分大小写。

二、OPENSSL library (through APR/Tomcat-Native)情况
  1、首先需要到OPENSSL网站下载OpenSSL-Win32（或者Linux）,安装非常简单
  2、利用OPENSSL生成公钥
    D:\OpenSSL-Win32\bin>openssl
   genrsa -des3 -out key1.pem 2048
  enter pwd: test, to get a file : key1.pem
  3、继续利用OPENSSL生成私钥
   req -new -x509 -key key1.pem -out key1cert.pem -days 1095
   得到文件: key1cert.pem
  4、将这两个文件放到apache-tomcat-7\conf目录下，并修改server.xml为如下内容：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">  
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<GlobalNamingResources>
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
description="User database that can be updated and saved"
factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
</GlobalNamingResources>
<Service name="Catalina">
<Connector port="443" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25"
enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true"
acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true"
clientAuth="false"
SSLEnabled="true"
protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
SSLCertificateFile="D:\apache-tomcat-7\conf\key1cert.pem"
SSLCertificateKeyFile="D:\apache-tomcat-7\conf\key1.pem"
SSLPassword="test"
/>
<Connector port="8009" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="443" protocol="AJP/1.3" />   
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">   
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">   
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"  
prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" resolveHosts="false"/>
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>


  5、启动tomcat ,https://localhost如果能正常打开，说明配置成功。
  几点注意：
      1）、注意APR是否已经正常配置，
      2）、在启动tomcat前需要确认任务管理器中没有其它tomcat进程在执行（一般删除所有javaw.exe即可），免得造成冲突，提示：java.lang.Exception: Socket bind failed；
      3）、密码要一致，文件名不可写混。
以上是我在tomcat环境下配置HTTPS的一点心得，欢迎大家指正。