unit的常见类型:
Service unit:文件扩展名为.service,用于定义系统服务;
Target unit:文件扩展为.target,用于模拟实现“运行级别”;
Device unit: .device,用于定义内核识别的设备;
Mount unit: .mount,定义文件系统挂载点;
Socket unit: .socket,用于标识进程间通信用到的socket文件;
Snapshot unit: .snapshot, 管理系统快照;
Swap unit: .swap, 用于标识swap设备;
Automount unit: .automount,文件系统自动点设备;
Path unit: .path, 用于定义文件系统中的一文件或目录;
关键特性:
基于socket的激活机制:socket与程序分离;
基于bus的激活机制;
基于device的激活机制;
基于Path的激活机制;
系统快照:保存各unit的当前状态信息于持久存储设备中;
向后兼容sysv init脚本;
/etc/init.d/
不兼容:
systemctl的命令是固定不变的;
非由systemd启动的服务,systemctl无法与之通信;
3. 管理系统服务:
CentOS 7: service类型的unit文件;
syscemctl命令:
- Control the systemd system and service manager
systemctl [OPTIONS...] COMMAND [NAME...]
启动: service NAME start ==> systemctl start NAME.service
停止: service NAME stop ==> systemctl stop NAME.service
重启: service NAME restart ==> systemctl restart NAME.service
状态: service NAME status ==> systemctl status NAME.service
条件式重启:service NAME condrestart ==> systemctl try-restart NAME.service
重载或重启服务: systemctl reload-or-restart NAME.servcie
重载或条件式重启服务:systemctl reload-or-try-restart NAME.service
查看某服务当前激活与否的状态: systemctl is-active NAME.service
查看所有已激活的服务:systemctl list-units --type service
查看所有服务(已激活及未激活): chkconfig --lsit ==> systemctl list-units -t service --all
设置服务开机自启: chkconfig NAME on ==> systemctl enable NAME.service
禁止服务开机自启: chkconfig NAME off ==> systemctl disable NAME.service
查看某服务是否能开机自启: chkconfig --list NAME ==> systemctl is-enabled NAME.service