Windows日志筛选

lb5645284

Windows日志筛选
　　因工作需求开启文件系统审核，因Windows日志管理器并不方便筛选查阅，所以使用powershell方法进行筛选。

一、需求分析

• 　　存在问题
  
  
  
  • 日志量巨大（每天约1G）
    
  • 日志管理器查询日志不便
    
  
  
  
• 　　主要目标
  
  
  
  • 启用文件系统审核
    
  • 快捷查询用户的删除操作
    
  
  
  
• 解决方案
  
  
  • 采用轮替方式归档日志（500MB）
    
  • 日志存放60天（可用脚本删除超过期限日志档案）
    
  • 使用Get-WinEvent中的FilterXPath过日志进行筛选，格式打印
    
  • 删除操作码为0x10000，可对其进行筛选
    
  
  

二、文件审核设置

2.1 开启文件系统审核功能

• secpol.msc
  
• Advanced Audit Policy Configuration
  
• Object Access
  
• Audit File System
  
  
  
  • [x] Configure the following audit events:
    
  • [x] Success
    
  • [x] Failure
    
  
  

2.2 建立共享文件夹

• Folder Properties
  
• Sharing
  
• Choose people to share with
  
• Everyone
  

2.3 设置文件夹审核的用户组

• Folder Properties
  
• Security
  
• Advanced
  
• Auditing
  
• Add user
  

2.4 设置日志路径及大小

• Event Viewer
  
• Windows Logs
  
• Security
  
• Log Properties
  
• Log Path: E:\FileLog\Security.evtx
  
• Maximum log size(KB): 512000
  
• 
  
  
  
  • [x] Archive the log when full,do not overwrite events
    
  
  
  

三、方法

• 筛选事件ID为4460日志
  

PS C:\Windows\system32>  Get-WinEvent -LogName Security -FilterXPath "*[System[EventID=4660]]"
ProviderName: Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing
TimeCreated                     Id LevelDisplayName Message
-----------                     -- ---------------- -------
5/22/2018 10:01:37 AM         4660 Information      An object was deleted....
5/22/2018 9:03:11 AM          4660 Information      An object was deleted....

• 筛选文件删除日志
  

PS C:\Windows\system32> Get-WinEvent -LogName "Security" -FilterXPath "*[EventData[Data[@Name='AccessMask']='0x10000']]"
ProviderName: Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing
TimeCreated                     Id LevelDisplayName Message
-----------                     -- ---------------- -------
5/22/2018 10:01:37 AM         4663 Information      An attempt was made to access an object....
5/22/2018 9:03:11 AM          4663 Information      An attempt was made to access an object....

• 筛选指定用户文件删除日志
  

PS C:\Windows\system32> Get-WinEvent -LogName "Security" -FilterXPath "*[EventData[Data[@Name='AccessMask']='0x10000']] and *[EventData[Data[@Name='SubjectUserName']='lxy']]"
ProviderName: Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing
TimeCreated                     Id LevelDisplayName Message
-----------                     -- ---------------- -------
5/22/2018 9:03:11 AM          4663 Information      An attempt was made to access an object....

• 以变量方式筛选指定用户文件删除日志
  

PS C:\Windows\system32> $AccessMask='0x10000'
PS C:\Windows\system32> $UserName='lxy'
PS C:\Windows\system32> Get-WinEvent -LogName "Security" -FilterXPath "*[EventData[Data[@Name='AccessMask']='$AccessMask']] and *[EventData[Data[@Name='SubjectUserName']='$UserName']]"
ProviderName: Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing
TimeCreated                     Id LevelDisplayName Message
-----------                     -- ---------------- -------
5/22/2018 9:03:11 AM          4663 Information      An attempt was made to access an object....

• 从保存的文件筛选文件删除日志
  

PS C:\Users\F2844290> Get-WinEvent -Path 'C:\Users\F2844290\Desktop\SaveSec.evtx' -FilterXPath "*[EventData[Data[@Name='
AccessMask']='0x10000']]"PS C:\Windows\system32> $AccessMask='0x10000'

• 筛选10分钟内发生的安全性日志  
  XML中时间计算单位为ms，10minute=60 10 1000=600000
  

PS C:\Windows\system32> Get-WinEvent -LogName Security -FilterXPath "*[System[TimeCreated[timediff(@SystemTime) < 600000]]]"
ProviderName: Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing
TimeCreated                     Id LevelDisplayName Message
-----------                     -- ---------------- -------
5/22/2018 4:11:30 PM          4663 Information      An attempt was made to access an object....
5/22/2018 4:11:30 PM          4663 Information      An attempt was made to access an object....
5/22/2018 4:11:30 PM          4663 Information      An attempt was made to access an object....
5/22/2018 4:11:30 PM          4663 Information      An attempt was made to access an object....

• 其它筛选方法
  

　　若有语法不明之处，可参考日志管理器中筛选当前日志的XML方法。

• 删除超过60天的存档日志并记录
  

Get-ChildItem E:\FileLog\Archive-Security-* | Where-Object  {
if(( (get-date) -  $_.CreationTime).TotalDays -gt 60 ){
Remove-Item $_.FullName -Force
Write-Output "$(Get-Date -UFormat "%Y/%m%d")`t$_.Name" >>D:\RoMove-Archive-Logs.txt
}
}
四、其它文件

• 文件删除日志结构
  

Log Name:      Security
Source:        Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing
Date:          5/22/2018 9:03:11 AM
Event ID:      4663
Task Category: File System
Level:         Information
Keywords:      Audit Success
User:          N/A
Computer:      IDX-ST-05
Description:
An attempt was made to access an object.
Subject:
Security ID:        IDX-ST-05\lxy
Account Name:       lxy
Account Domain:     IDX-ST-05
Logon ID:       0x2ed3b8
Object:
Object Server:  Security
Object Type:    File
Object Name:    C:\Data\net.txt
Handle ID:  0x444
Process Information:
Process ID: 0x4
Process Name:   
Access Request Information:
Accesses:   DELETE
Access Mask:    0x10000
Event Xml:
<Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event">
<System>
<Provider Name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing" Guid="{54849625-5478-4994-A5BA-3E3B0328C30D}" />
<EventID>4663</EventID>
<Version>0</Version>
<Level>0</Level>
<Task>12800</Task>
<Opcode>0</Opcode>
<Keywords>0x8020000000000000</Keywords>
<TimeCreated SystemTime="2018-05-22T01:03:11.876720000Z" />
<EventRecordID>1514</EventRecordID>
<Correlation />
<Execution ProcessID="4" ThreadID="72" />
<Channel>Security</Channel>
<Computer>IDX-ST-05</Computer>
<Security />
</System>
<EventData>
<Data Name="SubjectUserSid">S-1-5-21-1815651738-4066643265-3072818021-1004</Data>
<Data Name="SubjectUserName">lxy</Data>
<Data Name="SubjectDomainName">IDX-ST-05</Data>
<Data Name="SubjectLogonId">0x2ed3b8</Data>
<Data Name="ObjectServer">Security</Data>
<Data Name="ObjectType">File</Data>
<Data Name="ObjectName">C:\Data\net.txt</Data>
<Data Name="HandleId">0x444</Data>
<Data Name="AccessList">%%1537
</Data>
<Data Name="AccessMask">0x10000</Data>
<Data Name="ProcessId">0x4</Data>
<Data Name="ProcessName">
</Data>
</EventData>
</Event>

• 文件操作码表
  

File Read
Accesses: ReadData (or ListDirectory)
AccessMask: 0x1
File Write
Accesses: WriteData (or AddFile)
AccessMask: 0x2
File Delete
Accesses: DELETE
AccessMask: 0x10000
File Rename
Accesses: DELETE
AccessMask: 0x10000
File Copy
Accesses: ReadData (or ListDirectory)
AccessMask: 0x1
File Permissions Change
Accesses: WRITE_DAC
AccessMask: 0x40000
File Ownership Change
Accesses: WRITE_OWNER
AccessMask: 0x80000