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[经验分享] 如何用python爬取知乎话题?

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发表于 2018-8-9 12:08:04 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
#coding:utf-8  """
  @author:haoning
  @create time:2015.8.5
  """
  from __future__ import division  # 精确除法
  from Queue import Queue
  from __builtin__ import False
  import json
  import os
  import re
  import platform
  import uuid
  import urllib
  import urllib2
  import sys
  import time
  import MySQLdb as mdb
  from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
  reload(sys)
  sys.setdefaultencoding( "utf-8" )
  headers = {
  'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:35.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/35.0',
  'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; ',
  'X-Requested-With':'XMLHttpRequest',
  'Referer':'https://www.zhihu.com/topics',
  'Cookie':'__utma=51854390.517069884.1416212035.1416212035.1416212035.1; q_c1=c02bf44d00d240798bfabcfc95baeb56|1455778173000|1416205243000; _za=b1c8ae35-f986-46a2-b24a-cb9359dc6b2a; aliyungf_tc=AQAAAJ1m71jL1woArKqF22VFnL/wRy6C; _xsrf=9d494558f9271340ab24598d85b2a3c8; cap_id="MDNiMjcwM2U0MTRhNDVmYjgxZWVhOWI0NTA2OGU5OTg=|1455864276|2a4ce8247ebd3c0df5393bb5661713ad9eec01dd"; n_c=1; _alicdn_sec=56c6ba4d556557d27a0f8c876f563d12a285f33a'
  }
  DB_HOST = '127.0.0.1'
  DB_USER = 'root'
  DB_PASS = 'root'
  queue= Queue() #接收队列
  nodeSet=set()
  keywordSet=set()
  stop=0
  offset=-20
  level=0
  maxLevel=7
  counter=0
  base=""
  conn = mdb.connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASS, 'zhihu', charset='utf8')
  conn.autocommit(False)
  curr = conn.cursor()
  def get_html(url):
  try:
  req = urllib2.Request(url)
  response = urllib2.urlopen(req,None,3) #在这里应该加入代理
  html = response.read()
  return html
  except:
  pass
  return None
  def getTopics():
  url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/topics'
  print url
  try:
  req = urllib2.Request(url)
  response = urllib2.urlopen(req) #鍦ㄨ繖閲屽簲璇ュ姞鍏ヤ唬鐞�
  html = response.read().decode('utf-8')
  print html
  soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
  lis = soup.find_all('li', {'class' : 'zm-topic-cat-item'})
  for li in lis:
  data_id=li.get('data-id')
  name=li.text

  curr.execute('select>  y= curr.fetchone()
  if not y:

  curr.execute('INSERT INTO>  conn.commit()
  except Exception as e:
  print "get topic error",e
  def get_extension(name):
  where=name.rfind('.')
  if where!=-1:
  return name[where:len(name)]
  return None
  def which_platform():
  sys_str = platform.system()
  return sys_str
  def GetDateString():
  when=time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime(time.time()))
  foldername = str(when)
  return foldername
  def makeDateFolder(par,classify):
  try:
  if os.path.isdir(par):
  newFolderName=par + '//' + GetDateString() + '//'  +str(classify)
  if which_platform()=="Linux":
  newFolderName=par + '/' + GetDateString() + "/" +str(classify)
  if not os.path.isdir( newFolderName ):
  os.makedirs( newFolderName )
  return newFolderName
  else:
  return None
  except Exception,e:
  print "kk",e
  return None
  def download_img(url,classify):
  try:
  extention=get_extension(url)
  if(extention is None):
  return None
  req = urllib2.Request(url)
  resp = urllib2.urlopen(req,None,3)
  dataimg=resp.read()
  name=str(uuid.uuid1()).replace("-","")+"_www.guandn.com"+extention
  top="E://topic_pic"

  folder=makeDateFolder(top,>  filename=None
  if folder is not None:
  filename  =folder+"//"+name
  try:
  if "e82bab09c_m" in str(url):
  return True
  if not os.path.exists(filename):
  file_object = open(filename,'w+b')
  file_object.write(dataimg)
  file_object.close()
  return '/room/default/'+GetDateString()+'/'+str(classify)+"/"+name
  else:
  print "file exist"
  return None
  except IOError,e1:
  print "e1=",e1
  pass
  except Exception as e:
  print "eee",e
  pass
  return None #如果没有下载下来就利用原来网站的链接
  def getChildren(node,name):
  global queue,nodeSet
  try:
  url="https://www.zhihu.com/topic/"+str(node)+"/hot"
  html=get_html(url)
  if html is None:
  return
  soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
  p_ch='父话题'
  node_name=soup.find('div', {'id' : 'zh-topic-title'}).find('h1').text
  topic_cla=soup.find('div', {'class' : 'child-topic'})
  if topic_cla is not None:
  try:
  p_ch=str(topic_cla.text)
  aList = soup.find_all('a', {'class' : 'zm-item-tag'}) #获取所有子节点
  if u'子话题' in p_ch:
  for a in aList:
  token=a.get('data-token')
  a=str(a).replace('\n','').replace('\t','').replace('\r','')
  start=str(a).find('>')
  end=str(a).rfind('</a>')
  new_node=str(str(a)[start+1:end])

  curr.execute('select>  y= curr.fetchone()
  if not y:
  print "y=",y,"new_node=",new_node,"token=",token
  queue.put((token,new_node,node_name))
  except Exception as e:
  print "add queue error",e
  except Exception as e:
  print "get html error",e
  def getContent(n,name,p,top_id):
  try:
  global counter

  curr.execute('select>  y= curr.fetchone()
  print "exist?? ",y,"n=",n
  if not y:
  url="https://www.zhihu.com/topic/"+str(n)+"/hot"
  html=get_html(url)
  if html is None:
  return
  soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
  title=soup.find('div', {'id' : 'zh-topic-title'}).find('h1').text
  pic_path=soup.find('a',{'id':'zh-avartar-edit-form'}).find('img').get('src')
  description=soup.find('div',{'class':'zm-editable-content'})
  if description is not None:
  description=description.text

  if (u"未归类" in>  description=None
  tag_path=download_img(pic_path,top_id)
  print "tag_path=",tag_path
  if (tag_path is not None) or tag_path==True:
  if tag_path==True:
  tag_path=None
  father_id=2 #默认为杂谈

  curr.execute('select>  results = curr.fetchall()
  for r in results:
  father_id=r[0]
  name=title

  curr.execute('select>  y= curr.fetchone()
  print "store see..",y
  if not y:
  friends_num=0
  temp = time.time()
  x = time.localtime(float(temp))
  create_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",x) # get time now
  create_time
  creater_id=None
  room_avatar=tag_path
  is_pass=1
  has_index=0
  reason_id=None
  #print father_id,name,friends_num,create_time,creater_id,room_avatar,is_pass,has_index,reason_id
  ######################有资格入库的内容
  counter=counter+1
  curr.execute("INSERT INTO rooms(father_id,name,friends_num,description,create_time,creater_id,room_avatar,is_pass,has_index,reason_id)VALUES(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)",(father_id,name,friends_num,description,create_time,creater_id,room_avatar,is_pass,has_index,reason_id))
  conn.commit() #必须时时进入数据库,不然找不到父节点
  if counter % 200==0:
  print "current node",name,"num",counter
  except Exception as e:
  print "get content error",e
  def work():
  global queue

  curr.execute('select>  results = curr.fetchall()
  for r in results:
  top_id=r[0]
  node=r[1]
  parent=r[2]
  name=r[3]
  try:
  queue.put((node,name,parent)) #首先放入队列
  while queue.qsize() >0:
  n,p=queue.get() #顶节点出队
  getContent(n,p,top_id)
  getChildren(n,name) #出队内容的子节点
  conn.commit()
  except Exception as e:
  print "what's wrong",e
  def new_work():
  global queue

  curr.execute('select>  results = curr.fetchall()
  for r in results:
  top_id=r[0]
  data_id=r[1]
  name=r[2]
  try:
  get_topis(data_id,name,top_id)
  except:
  pass
  def get_topis(data_id,name,top_id):
  global queue
  url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/node/TopicsPlazzaListV2'
  isGet = True;
  offset = -20;
  data_id=str(data_id)
  while isGet:
  offset = offset + 20
  values = {'method': 'next', 'params': '{"topic_id":'+data_id+',"offset":'+str(offset)+',"hash_id":""}'}
  try:
  msg=None
  try:
  data = urllib.urlencode(values)
  request = urllib2.Request(url,data,headers)
  response = urllib2.urlopen(request,None,5)
  html=response.read().decode('utf-8')
  json_str = json.loads(html)
  ms=json_str['msg']
  if len(ms) <5:
  break
  msg=ms[0]
  except Exception as e:
  print "eeeee",e
  #print msg
  if msg is not None:
  soup = BeautifulSoup(str(msg))
  blks = soup.find_all('div', {'class' : 'blk'})
  for blk in blks:
  page=blk.find('a').get('href')
  if page is not None:
  node=page.replace("/topic/","") #将更多的种子入库
  parent=name
  ne=blk.find('strong').text
  try:
  queue.put((node,ne,parent)) #首先放入队列
  while queue.qsize() >0:
  n,name,p=queue.get() #顶节点出队
  size=queue.qsize()

  if>
  print>  getContent(n,name,p,top_id)
  getChildren(n,name) #出队内容的子节点
  conn.commit()
  except Exception as e:
  print "what's wrong",e
  except urllib2.URLError, e:
  print "error is",e
  pass
  if __name__ == '__main__':
  i=0
  while i<400:
  new_work()
  i=i+1

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