>>> x = y = 42
# 同下效果:
>>> y = 42
>>> x = y
>>> x
42
增理赋值
>>> x = 2
>>> x += 1 #(x=x+1)
>>> x *= 2 #(x=x*2)
>>> x
6
控制语句
if 语句:
name = raw_input('what is your name?')
if name.endswith('chongshi'):
print 'hello.mr.chongshi'
#输入
>>>
what is your name?chongshi #这里输入错误将没有任何结果,因为程序不健壮
#输出
hello.mr.chongshi
else子句
name = raw_input('what is your name?')
if name.endswith('chongshi'):
print 'hello.mr.chongshi'
else:
print 'hello,strager'
#输入
>>>
what is your name?hh #这里输和错误
#输出
hello,strager
elif 子句
它是“else if”的简写
num = input('enter a numer:')
if num > 0:
print 'the numer is positive'
elif num < 0:
print 'the number is negative'
else:
print 'the nuber is zero'
#输入
>>>
enter a numer:-1
#输出
the number is negative
嵌套
下面看一下if嵌套的例子(python是以缩进表示换行的)
name = raw_input('what is your name?')
if name.endswith('zhangsan'):
if name.startswith('mr.'):
print 'hello.mr.zhangsan'
elif name.startswith('mrs.'):
print 'hello.mrs.zhangsan'
else:
print 'hello.zhangsan'
else:
print 'hello.stranger'
如果输入的是“mr.zhangsan”输出第一个print的内容;输入mrs.zhangshan,输出第二个print的内容;如果输入“zhangsan”,输出第三个print的内容;如果输入的是别的什么名,则输出的将是最后一个结果(hello.stranger)
>>> age = 10
>>> assert 0 < age < 100
>>> age = -1
>>> assert 0 < age < 100 , 'the age must be realistic'
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
assert 0 < age < 100 , 'the age must be realistic'
AssertionError: the age must be realistic
循环语句
打印1到100的数(while循环)
x= 1
while x >>
please enter your name:huhu
#输出
hello.huhu!
打印1到100的数(for 循环)
for number in range(1,101):
print number
#输出
1
2
3
4
.
.
100
是不是比while 循环更简洁,但根据我们以往学习其它语言的经验,while的例子更容易理解。
一个简单for 语句就能循环字典的所有键:
d = {'x':1,'y':2,'z':3}
for key in d:
print key,'corresponds to',d[key]
#输出
>>>
y corresponds to 2
x corresponds to 1
z corresponds to 3
from math import sqrt
for n in range(99,0,-1):
root = sqrt(n)
if root == int(root):
print n
break
#输出
>>>
81
continue 语句
continue结束当前的迭代,“跳”到下一轮循环执行。
while True:
s=raw_input('enter something:')
if s == 'quit':
break
if len(s) < 3:
continue
print 'Input is of sufficient length'
#输入
>>>
enter something:huzhiheng #输入长度大于3,提示信息
Input is of sufficient length
enter something:ha #输入长度小于3,要求重输
enter something:hah #输入长度等于3,提示信息
Input is of sufficient length
enter something:quit #输入内容等于quit,结果