基于【IPv6】静态路由和默认路由的配置

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基于IPv6静态路由和默认路由的配置

实验环境：



实验背景：在路由器R1上配置3个环回接口IPv6地址，分别模拟三个不同的IPv6前缀，作为IPV6目标网络，然后，在路由器R2上为三个IPv6前缀配置静态路由，并检测其连通性，最后使用IPv6的默认路由替代静态路由条目。

第一步：为路由器R1和R2完成基础配置，包括启动IPv6和地址配置，并激活相关的接口，配置如下：



R1上的配置：

R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing   //启动IPv6的路由功能，否则静态路由无法完成//
R1(config)#int f0/0             //进入f0/0接口
R1(config-if)#ipv6 add 2001:10::1/64  //为该接口配置IPv6地址
R1(config-if)#no sh

R1(config)#interface lo1
R1(config-if)#ipv6 add 2001:2::1/64
R1(config-if)#ex
R1(config)#int lo2
R1(config-if)#ipv6 add 2001:3::1/64
R1(config-if)#ex
R1(config)#int lo3
R1(config-if)#ipv6 add 2001:4::1/64
R1(config-if)#ex





R2上的配置：

R2(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
R2(config)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ipv6 add 2001:10::2/64
R2(config-if)#no sh



第二步：在路由器R2上ping R1上的环回IPv6地址，结果为ping不通，因为在路由器R2上没有到目标地址的路由，关于这一技术知识点与IPv4的环境相同，要配置IPv6静态和默认路由功能类似于IPv4，但是书写形式还存在一定的区别，而默认路由是一种特殊的静态路由。

IPv6静态路由的格式：
   
                 ipv6  route  【目标IPv6前缀】  【出站接口】 【下一跳IPv6地址】

目标IPv6前缀：指示目标IPv6网络，这与IPv4的目标子网的意义相同。
出站接口：当前路由器转发数据包的出站接口，如果使用了邻接路由器的IPv6本地链路地址来作为下一跳地址，那么在静态路由的语法中必须包含出站接口关键字。
下一跳IPv6地址：要到达目标网络所要经历的下一跳路由器的IPv6地址，这与IPv4的环境相同。注意：根据RFC2461规定，路由器必须能够确定下一跳路由器的本地链路地址，所以，在配置IPv6静态路由时，下一跳地址建议配置为邻接路由器本地链路IPv6地址，在本次实验中，可以在R1上使用show ipv6 interface f0/0来查看：



R1#sho ipv6 int f0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
  IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::C800:1AFF:FE74:8
  No Virtual link-local address(es):
  Global unicast address(es):
    2001:10::1, subnet is 2001:10::/64
  Joined group address(es):
    FF02::1
    FF02::2
    FF02::1:FF00:1
    FF02::1:FF74:8
  MTU is 1500 bytes
  ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds
  ICMP redirects are enabled
  ICMP unreachables are sent
  ND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1
  ND reachable time is 30000 milliseconds (using 19434)
  ND advertised reachable time is 0 (unspecified)
  ND advertised retransmit interval is 0 (unspecified)
  ND router advertisements are sent every 200 seconds
  ND router advertisements live for 1800 seconds
  ND advertised default router preference is Medium
  Hosts use stateless autoconfig for addresses.


在R2上配置静态路由：
R2(config)#ipv6 route 2001:2::/64 f0/0 FE80::C800:1AFF:FE74:8
R2(config)#ipv6 route 2001:3::/64 f0/0 FE80::C800:1AFF:FE74:8
R2(config)#ipv6 route 2001:4::/64 f0/0 FE80::C800:1AFF:FE74:8

配置完成后，查看自己的路由表（show ipv6 route），可以看到被添加的三条静态路由，然后再次测试与目标网段进行通讯。
R2#sho ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - Default - 6 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
       B - BGP, M - MIPv6, R - RIP, I1 - ISIS L1
       I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP
       EX - EIGRP external
       O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
       ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
S   2001:2::/64 [1/0]
     via FE80::C800:1AFF:FE74:8, FastEthernet0/0   //被添加的
S   2001:3::/64 [1/0]                                 静态路由//
     via FE80::C800:1AFF:FE74:8, FastEthernet0/0   
S   2001:4::/64 [1/0]
     via FE80::C800:1AFF:FE74:8, FastEthernet0/0
C   2001:10::/64 [0/0]
     via FastEthernet0/0, directly connected
L   2001:10::2/128 [0/0]
     via FastEthernet0/0, receive
L   FF00::/8 [0/0]
     via Null0, receive
R2#ping 2001:2::1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:2::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/28/48 ms
R2#ping 2001:3::1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:3::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!.!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 24/36/48 ms
R2#ping 2001:4::1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:4::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!





接下来把刚刚配置的静态路由条目删掉（直接在命令前面加no，就OK了），下面做默认路由。
R2(config)#no ipv6 route 2001:2::/64 f0/0 FE80::C800:1AFF:FE74:8
R2(config)#no ipv6 route 2001:3::/64 f0/0 FE80::C800:1AFF:FE74:8
R2(config)#no ipv6 route 2001:4::/64 f0/0 FE80::C800:1AFF:FE74:8

再次查看路由表，这时路由表中应该没有静态路由条目，测试连通性也是不行的。
R2#sho ipv route
IPv6 Routing Table - Default - 3 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
       B - BGP, M - MIPv6, R - RIP, I1 - ISIS L1
       I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP
       EX - EIGRP external
       O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
       ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
C   2001:10::/64 [0/0]
     via FastEthernet0/0, directly connected
L   2001:10::2/128 [0/0]
     via FastEthernet0/0, receive
L   FF00::/8 [0/0]
     via Null0, receive
R2#ping 2001:2::1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:2::1, timeout is 2 seconds:

% No valid route for destination
Success rate is 0 percent (0/1)


在R2上配置默认路由：
（查看路由表中，有没有默认路由条目，如果有则测试连通性，一步到位，就OKl）
R2(config)#ipv6 route ::/0 f0/0 FE80::C800:1AFF:FE74:8
R2(config)#end
*Jun  9 09:26:01.619: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#sho ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - Default - 4 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
       B - BGP, M - MIPv6, R - RIP, I1 - ISIS L1
       I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP
       EX - EIGRP external
       O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
       ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
S   ::/0 [1/0]
     via FE80::C800:1AFF:FE74:8, FastEthernet0/0  //被添加的默认路由//
C   2001:10::/64 [0/0]
     via FastEthernet0/0, directly connected
L   2001:10::2/128 [0/0]
     via FastEthernet0/0, receive
L   FF00::/8 [0/0]
     via Null0, receive
R2#ping 2001:2::1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:2::1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/29/44 ms

    以上就是今天的实验了；其实原则上还是跟IPv4基本相似，没有太大的差别，就是命令上有所改动，
只要有IPv4的基础，理解IPv6就很容易了


好了，今天就到这里啦！