Python调用API接口的几种方式

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相信做过自动化运维的同学都用过API接口来完成某些动作。API是一套成熟系统所必需的接口，可以被其他系统或脚本来调用，这也是自动化运维的必修课。

本文主要介绍python中调用API的几种方式，下面是python中会用到的库。
- urllib2
- httplib2
- pycurl
- requests

• urllib2
  
  

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import urllib2, urllib github_url = 'https://api.github.com/user/repos' password_manager = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm() password_manager.add_password(None, github_url, 'user', '***') auth = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager) # create an authentication handler opener = urllib2.build_opener(auth) # create an opener with the authentication handler urllib2.install_opener(opener) # install the opener... request = urllib2.Request(github_url, urllib.urlencode({'name':'Test repo', 'description': 'Some test repository'})) # Manual encoding required handler = urllib2.urlopen(request) print handler.read()

2. httplib2

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import urllib, httplib2 github_url = ' h = httplib2.Http(".cache") h.add_credentials("user", "******", " data = urllib.urlencode({"name":"test"}) resp, content = h.request(github_url, "POST", data) print content

3. pycurl

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import pycurl, json github_url = " user_pwd = "user:*****" data = json.dumps({"name": "test_repo", "description": "Some test repo"}) c = pycurl.Curl() c.setopt(pycurl.URL, github_url) c.setopt(pycurl.USERPWD, user_pwd) c.setopt(pycurl.POST, 1) c.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, data) c.perform()

4. requests

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import requests, json github_url = " data = json.dumps({'name':'test', 'description':'some test repo'}) r = requests.post(github_url, data, auth=('user', '*****')) print r.json

以上几种方式都可以调用API来执行动作，但requests这种方式代码最简洁，最清晰，建议采用。