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MySQL 5.6之前的版本，同步复制是单线程的，队列的，只能一个一个执行，在5.6里，可以做到多个库之间的多线程复制，例如数据库里，存放着用户表，商品表，价格表，订单表，那么将每个业务表单独放在一个库里，这时就可以做到多线程复制，但一个库里的表，多线程复制是无效的。 注，每个数据库仅能使用一个线程，复制涉及到多个数据库时多线程复制才有意义。 .环境准备 操作系统 · CentOS 6.4 x86_64 · 软件版本 · Mysql 5.6.13 · 1.实验拓扑
2修改主机名[iyunv@master ~]# uname -n master.test.com [iyunv@slave ~]# uname -n Slave.test.com 3.配置名称解析[iyunv@master ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.18.201 master.test.com master 192.168.18.202 slave.test.com slave [iyunv@slave ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 10.10.10.82 master.test.com master 10.10.10.89 slave.test.com slave
4.配置时间同步[iyunv@master ~]# ntpdate time.nist.gov [iyunv@slave ~]# ntpdate time.nist.gov 5关闭防火墙与SELinux[iyunv@master ~]# service iptables stop [iyunv@master ~]# chkconfig iptables off [iyunv@master ~]# getenforce Disabled [iyunv@slave ~]# service iptables stop [iyunv@slave ~]# chkconfig iptables off [iyunv@slave ~]# getenforce Disabled 6.安装并配置mysqlmaster: (1).安装并链接mysql [iyunv@master ~]# clear [iyunv@master ~]# cd src/ [iyunv@master src]# ls mysql-5.6.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [iyunv@master src]# tar xf mysql-5.6.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [iyunv@master src]# cd /usr/local/ [iyunv@master local]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.6.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql "mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql-5.6.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64"
(2).新建mysql用户 [iyunv@master mysql]# groupadd -g 3306 mysql [iyunv@master mysql]# useradd -u 3306 -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql [iyunv@master mysql]# id mysql uid=3306(mysql) gid=3306(mysql) 组=3306(mysql) (3).修改mysql安装目录所有者与所属组 [iyunv@master mysql]# chown -R root.mysql /usr/local/mysql/* (4).初始化mysql数据库 先安装libaio库文件 [iyunv@master mysql]# yum install -y libaio 创建数据存放目录 [iyunv@master mysql]# mkdir -pv /mydata/data mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mydata" mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mydata/data" 修改目录所有者与所属组 [iyunv@master mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data/ [iyunv@master mysql]# cd /mydata/data/ 初始化mysql [iyunv@master data]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata/data/ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --user=mysql (5).简单修改配置文件 注，mysql5.6以后，初始化完成后会在安装目录自动生成my.cnf的配置文件，直接修改即可。 [iyunv@master mysql]# vim my.cnf #增加下面四行 datadir = /mydata/data log-bin=master-bin log-bin-index=master-bin.index innodb_file_per_table = 1 (6).为mysql提供启动脚本 [iyunv@master mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [iyunv@master mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld (7).启动并测试 [iyunv@master mysql]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL SUCCESS! [iyunv@master mysql]# netstat -tulnp Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 7680/mysqld
环境变量配置 [iyunv@master data]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh exportPATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin [iyunv@master data]# source /etc/profile 测试一下 [iyunv@master mysql]# mysql -h 127.0.0.1 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.13-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.11 sec) slave: (1).安装并链接mysql [iyunv@slave ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [iyunv@slave ~]# cd /usr/local/ [iyunv@slave local]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.6.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql "mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql-5.6.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64"
(2).新建mysql用户 [iyunv@slave mysql]# groupadd -g 3306 mysql [iyunv@slave mysql]# useradd -u 3306 -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql [iyunv@slave mysql]# id mysql uid=3306(mysql) gid=3306(mysql) 组=3306(mysql) (3).修改mysql安装目录所有者与所属组 [iyunv@slave mysql]# chown -R root.mysql /usr/local/mysql/* (4).初始化mysql数据库 安装libaio库文件 [iyunv@slave mysql]# yum install -y libaio 创建数据存放目录 [iyunv@slave mysql]# mkdir -pv /mydata/data mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mydata" mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mydata/data" 修改目录所有者与所属组 [iyunv@slave mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data/ [iyunv@slave mysql]# cd /mydata/data/ 初始化mysql [iyunv@master data]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata/data/ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --user=mysql (5).简单修改配置文件 [iyunv@slave data]# cd /usr/local/mysql [iyunv@slave mysql]# vim my.cnf datadir = /mydata/data log-bin=master-bin log-bin-index=master-bin.index innodb_file_per_table = 1 (6).为mysql提供启动脚本 [iyunv@slave mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [iyunv@slave mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
(7).启动并测试 环境变量配置 [iyunv@slave data]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh exportPATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin [iyunv@slave data]# source /etc/profile
测试登录一下 [iyunv@slave mysql]# mysql -h 127.0.0.1 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.13-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.12 sec)
8.配置mysql主从复制 (1).配置选项说明 要在MySQL 5.6中使用复制功能，其服务配置段[mysqld]中于少应该定义如下选项， binlog-format：二进制日志的格式，有row、statement和mixed几种类型；需要注意的是：当设置隔离级别为READ-COMMITED必须设置二进制日志格式为ROW，现在MySQL官方认为STATEMENT这个已经不再适合继续使用；但mixed类型在默认的事务隔离级别下，可能会导致主从数据不一致； log-slave-updates、gtid-mode、enforce-gtid-consistency、report-port和report-host：用于启动GTID及满足附属的其它需求； master-info-repository和relay-log-info-repository：启用此两项，可用于实现在崩溃时保证二进制及从服务器安全的功能； sync-master-info：启用之可确保无信息丢失； slave-paralles-workers：设定从服务器的SQL线程数；0表示关闭多线程复制功能； binlog-checksum、master-verify-checksum和slave-sql-verify-checksum：启用复制有关的所有校验功能； binlog-rows-query-log-events：启用之可用于在二进制日志记录事件相关的信息，可降低故障排除的复杂度； log-bin：启用二进制日志，这是保证复制功能的基本前提； server-id：同一个复制拓扑中的所有服务器的id号必须惟一。 (2).配置主服务器master [iyunv@master mysql]# vim my.cnf [mysqld] port = 3306 datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 256M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 256 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size= 16M thread_concurrency = 2 log-bin=mysql-bin innodb_file_per_table = 1
binlog-format=ROW log-slave-updates=true gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true master-info-repository=TABLE relay-log-info-repository=TABLE sync-master-info=1 slave-parallel-workers=2 binlog-checksum=CRC32 master-verify-checksum=1 slave-sql-verify-checksum=1 binlog-rows-query-log_events=1 server-id = 10 report-port=3306 report-host=10.10.10.82 (3).重新启动mysql [iyunv@master mysql]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL...... SUCCESS! (4).查看gtid的相关信息 [iyunv@master mysql]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.13-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%'; +--------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-------+ | enforce_gtid_consistency | ON | | gtid_executed | | | gtid_mode | ON | #说明gtid功能已启动 | gtid_owned | | | gtid_purged | | +--------------------------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.10 sec) (5).创建有复制权限的用户 mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'192.168.18.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) (6).配置从服务器slave [iyunv@slave mysql]# vim my.cnf [mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 16M
thread_concurrency = 2
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
log-bin=mysql-bin
innodb_file_per_table = 1
binlog-format=ROW
log-slave-updates=true
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-workers=2
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
server-id = 20
report-port=3306
report-host=10.10.10.89
(7).重新启动mysql [iyunv@slave mysql]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL...... SUCCESS! (8).在从服务器上使用主mysql上创建的账号密码登录并进行复制 mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.18.201', master_user='repluser',master_password='replpass',master_auto_position=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.24 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.04 sec) (9).查看一下复制状态 mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.18.201 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 151 Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 363 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes #IO线程与SQL线程都是yes，说明复制启动完成。 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 151 Relay_Log_Space: 561 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 6b27d8b7-0e14-11e3-9eab-000c291192e4 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) (10).测试一下主从复制 master: mysql> create database mydb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mydb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) slave: mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mydb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) (11).查看一下复制状态 mysql> show slave status \G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.18.201 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 293 Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 505 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 293 Relay_Log_Space: 703 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 6b27d8b7-0e14-11e3-9eab-000c291192e4 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 6b27d8b7-0e14-11e3-9eab-000c291192e4:1 Executed_Gtid_Set: 3c8fa53-0e16-11e3-9eb8-000c29b8df6a:1-2, 6b27d8b7-0e14-11e3-9eab-000c291192e4:1 Auto_Position: 1
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