转 Install Python, NumPy, SciPy, and matplotlib on Mac OS X

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Install Python, NumPy, SciPy, and matplotlib on Mac OS X




　　A bit ago a friend and I both had fresh Mac OS X Lion installs so I helped him set up his computers with a scientific Python setup and did mine at the same time.
　　These instructions are for Lion but should work on Snow Leopard or Mountain Lion without much trouble. On Snow Leopard you won’t install Xcode via the App Store, you’ll have to download it from Apple.
　　After I’d helped my friend I found this blog post describing a procedure pretty much the same as below.
　　Update: If doing all the stuff below doesn’t seem like your cup of tea, it’s also possible to install Python, NumPy, SciPy, and matplotlib using double-click binary installers (resulting in a much less flexible installation), see this post to learn how.
　　

Xcode
　　You will need Apple’s developer tools in order to compile Python and the other installs. On Lion you can install Xcode from the App Store, on Snow Leopard you’ll have to get an older Xcode from developer.apple.com.
　　I use the Xcode editor because I like its syntax highlighting, code completion, and organizer. However, I use hardly any of its features and unless you’re an iOS or Mac developer you probably won’t either. If you prefer another editor it’s possible to get only the libraries and compilers that you need with the Command Line Tools for Xcode. (You’ll need a free Apple ID.) (See also http://www.kennethreitz.com/xcode-gcc-and-homebrew.html.)

Homebrew
　　Homebrew is an excellent package manager for Mac OS X that can install a large number of packages. To install it simply launch a terminal and enter

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSkL raw.github.com/mxcl/homebrew/go)"
　　Homebrew installs things to /usr/local/ so you don’t need sudo permissions. To add Homebrew installed executables and Python scripts to your path you’ll want to add the following line to your .profile (or .bash_profile) file:

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/share/python:$PATH
　　Normal executables go in /usr/local/bin/ and Python scripts installed by Homebrew go in/usr/local/share/python/.
　　See https://github.com/mxcl/homebrew/wiki/The-brew-command or type brew help or man brewfor more info on Homebrew.

Install Python
　　Now that you’ve got Homebrew installing Python is simple:

brew install python
　　Homebrew will install a couple of packages required by Python and then Python itself. Don’t be surprised if this takes a couple minutes.
　　Important: You should close your terminal and open a fresh one right now so that it has the updated PATH from the previous section. Otherwise you run the risk of executing the wrong scripts during the rest of these instructions.
　　At this point you should be able to get a fresh terminal and type

which python
　　and see

/usr/local/bin/python
　　Homebrew is for installing system packages and tools; for managing Python add-ons we wantpip. Luckily easy_install, another Python package manager is installed by Homebrew and we can use it to install pip:

easy_install pip
Install NumPy
　　Use pip to install NumPy:

pip install numpy
　　This should install NumPy 1.6.1 (as of Feb. 2012).

Install SciPy
　　We need gfortran to compile SciPy but it is not included with the other Xcode tools. Luckily, Homebrew can help us out again:

brew install gfortran
　　When that’s done it’s a cinch to install SciPy:

pip install scipy
　　This should install SciPy 0.10.

Install matplotlib
　　To install matplotlib we need to revisit Homebrew one more time:

brew install pkg-config
　　And the usual pip command:

pip install matplotlib
　　This should install matplotlib 1.2.0. If it doesn’t you can try installing from the matplotlib development repo:

pip install git+git://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib.git
　　Congratulations! You should now have the basics of a scientific Python installation that’s easy to manage and upgrade using Homebrew and pip. Fire up Python and make sure things worked. The following should work in Python with no errors:

import numpy
import scipy
import matplotlib
　　Enjoy!