Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are used to define the database structure or schema. Some examples:
CREATE - to create objects in the database
ALTER - alters the structure of the database
DROP - delete objects from the database
TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed
COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary
RENAME - rename an object
DML
Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements are used for managing data within schema objects. Some examples:
SELECT - retrieve data from the a database
INSERT - insert data into a table
UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain
MERGE - UPSERT operation (insert or update)
CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data
LOCK TABLE - control concurrency
DCL
Data Control Language (DCL) statements. Some examples:
GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database
REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command
TCL
Transaction Control (TCL) statements are used to manage the changes made by DML statements. It allows statements to be grouped together into logical transactions.
COMMIT - save work done
SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back
ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT
SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like isolation level and what rollback segment to use
DDL,DML,DCL 之间的区别
What are the difference between DDL, DML and DCL commands?
DDL,DML和DCL命令之间的区别?(DDL是数据定义语言,如:)
DDL is Data Definition Language statements. Some examples:
CREATE - to create objects in the database(在数据库中创建对象)
ALTER - alters the structure of the database(修改数据库的结构)
DROP - delete objects from the database(从数据库中删除对象)
TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed(从一个表中移除所有记录,包括为记录分配的所有空间也一并移除)
COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary(为数据字典添加备注)
GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database(为用户赋予访问权限)
REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command(撤销由GRANT命令赋予的访问权限)
DML is Data Manipulation Language statements. Some examples:(DML是数据操作语言,如:)
SELECT - retrieve data from the a database(从指定的数据库中返回符合一定要求的数据)
INSERT - insert data into a table(向一个表中插入数据)
UPDATE - updates existing data within a table(更新表内存在的数据)
DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain(删除表中所有记录,但保留记录所占空间)
CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram(调用一个PL/SQL或JAVA子程序)
EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data(解释分析数据的访问路径)
LOCK TABLE - control concurrency(控制并发)
DCL is Data Control Language statements. Some examples:(DCL 是数据控制语言,如:)
COMMIT - save work done(保存已完成工作)
SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back(在事务中标示一个点,便于之后可以回滚到此处)
ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT(在最近一次COMMIT之后重新保存数据库)
SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like what rollback segment to use(改变事务选项)