centos7 安装python3.6及相应版本的ipython

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环境
　　默认centos7的python版本是python2.7，并且没有安装ipython

安装python3.6

• 安装依赖
  # yum install xz gcc zlib zlib-devel wget sqlite-devel openssl-devel -y
  
• 官网下载源码
  # wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tar.xz
  
• 解压文件
  # tar xf Python-3.6.1.tar.xz
  
• 　　进入目录安装编译
  
  # cd Python-3.6.1
  #  ./configure --prefix=/usr/python3.6
  #  make && make install
  
• 让系统默认使用python3
  # cd /usr/bin/
  # mv python python.bak
  # ln -s /usr/python3.6/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
  
• 设置python3相关变量
  # tail -1 /etc/profile
  PATH=$PATH:/usr/python3.6/bin/
  # . /etc/profile
  
• yum使用的是python2，替换python3之后可能导致无法正常工作，因此需要yum继续使用python2
  # head -1 /usr/bin/yum
  #!/usr/bin/python2
  # head -1 /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
  #! /usr/bin/python2
  
• 进入python3
  # python
  Python 3.6.1 (default, Dec 23 2017, 18:29:11)
  [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux
  Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
  >>> exit()
  安装ipython3
  
• 下载ipython安装包
  # wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/79/63/b671fc2bf0051739e87a7478a207bbeb45cfae3c328d38ccdd063d9e0074/ipython-6.1.0.tar.gz#md5=1e15e1ce3f3f722da6935d7ac0e51346
  
• 安装ipython
  # tar xf ipython-6.1.0.tar.gz
  # cd ipython-6.1.0
  # python setup.py install
  ......
  ......
  changing mode of /usr/python3.6/bin/ipython3 to 755
  changing mode of /usr/python3.6/bin/iptest3 to 755
  running install_data
  copying docs/man/ipython.1 -> /usr/python3.6/share/man/man1
  running install_egg_info
  Writing /usr/python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ipython-6.1.0-py3.6.egg-info
  
• 进入ipython，报错
  # ipython
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/python3.6/bin/ipython", line 4, in <module>
  from IPython import start_ipython
  File "/usr/python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/__init__.py", line 54, in <module>
  from .core.application import Application
  File "/usr/python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/core/application.py", line 23, in <module>
  from traitlets.config.application import Application, catch_config_error
  ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'traitlets'
  
• 　　根据报错提示安装缺失的相关模块
  
  # pip3 install traitlets
  # pip3 install pygments
  # pip3 install pexpect
  # pip3 install pickleshare
  # pip3 install prompt_toolkit
  # pip3 install simplegeneric
  
• 再次尝试进入ipython
  

#ipython
Python 3.6.1 (default, Dec 23 2017, 19:28:41)
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 6.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
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