upgrade your Active Directory from Windows 2003 to Server 2008

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　　博文出自：
　　http://blogs.technet.com/b/omers/archive/2010/06/30/step-by-step-guide-for-upgrading-active-directory-from-microsoft-windows-2003-to-microsoft-windows-server-2008.aspx
　　In this blog, I will guide you with a very simple step by step approach on how to upgrade your Active Directory from Microsoft Windows 2003 to Microsoft Windows Server 2008. Preparing your Active Directory infrastructure for upgrade to Windows Server 2008 includes the following tasks:

• 　　Prepare Windows Server 2003 forest schema for a domain controller that runs Windows Server 2008
  
• 　　Prepare Windows Server 2003 domain for a domain controller that runs Windows Server 2008
  

　　Note: Review the list of operations that Adprep.exe performs in Windows Server 2008, and test the schema updates in a lab environment to ensure that they will not conflict with any applications that run in your environment. There should not be any conflicts if your applications use RFC-compliant object and attribute definitions. For a list of specific operations that are performed when you update the Active Directory schema, see Appendix of Changes to Adprep.exe to support AD DS in Windows Server 2008 (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=122499).
　　You can also test the Active Directory upgrade in a test environment with all the applications configured for testing purposes.
　　Forest Schema preparation
　　Before you can add a domain controller that is running Windows Server 2008 to an Active Directory environment that is running Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003, you must update the Active Directory schema. You must update the schema from the domain controller that hosts the schema operations master role (also known as flexible single master operations or FSMO). If you are performing an unattended installation of Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) with Windows Server 2008, you must update the schema before you install the operating system. For normal installations, you must update the schema after you run Setup and before you install AD DS.
　　Use the following procedure to update the Windows Server 2003 Active Directory schema for Windows Server 2008.
　　Membership in Enterprise Admins, Schema Admins, and Domain Admins for the domain that contains the schema master is required to complete this procedure. Review details about using the appropriate accounts and group memberships at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=83477.
　　To prepare the forest schema for Windows Server 2008

• 　　Log on to the schema master as a member of the Enterprise Admins, Schema Admins, and Domain Admins groups.
  
• 　　Insert the Windows Server 2008 DVD into the CD/DVD drive. Copy the content of the \sources\adprep folder to an Adprep folder on the schema master.
  
• 　　Open a command prompt, and then change directories to the Adprep folder.
  
• 　　At the command prompt, type the following command, and then press ENTER:
  

　　adprep /forestprep

• 　　(Optional) If you plan to install a read-only domain controller (RODC) in any domain in the forest, type the following command, and then press ENTER:
  

　　adprep /rodcprep

• 　　Allow the operation to complete, and then allow the changes to replicate throughout the forest before you prepare any domains for a domain controller that runs Windows Server 2008.
  

　　Domain Schema preparation
　　After you prepare the forest, you need to prepare any domain for which you plan to install a domain controller that runs Windows Server 2008.
　　Use the following procedure to prepare a Windows 2000 or Windows Server 2003 domain for Windows Server 2008.
　　Membership in Domain Admins, or equivalent, is the minimum required to complete this procedure. Review details about using the appropriate accounts and group memberships at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=83477.
　　To prepare a Windows 2003 domain for Windows Server 2008

• 　　Identify the domain infrastructure operations master role holder as follows:
  

• 　　In the Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in, right-click the domain object, click Operations Masters, and then click Infrastructure.
  

　　Log on to the infrastructure master as a member of the Domain Admins group. Insert the Windows Server 2008 DVD into the CD/DVD drive. Copy the content of the \sources\adprep folder to an Adprep folder on the infrastructure master. Open a command prompt, and then change directories to the Adprep folder.Type the following command, and then press ENTER:
　　adprep /domainprep /gpprep

• 　　Allow the operation to complete, and then allow the changes to replicate throughout the forest before you install a domain controller that runs Windows Server 2008.
  

　　After the forest and domain based schema is prepared, new Windows Server 2008 based domain controllers can be added to the domain.